Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the different possible glomerulonephritis categories?
A
- minimal change
- diffuse (affecting all glomeruli)
- focal: affecting only some
- segmental: only affecting parts of an affected glomerulus
2
Q
What are the symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
A
- haematuria
- oliguria
- oedema
- and hypertension
- proteinuria +/-
3
Q
what are the most common post infectious causes of Glomerulonephritis?
A
- strep: staph aureus, M.pneumoniae, salmonella
- Virus: HSV, EBV, varicella, CMV
- Fungi: candida, aspergillus
- Parasites: toxoplasmosis, malaria, schistosomiasis
4
Q
what less common non-infectious causes are there?
A
- MPGN
- IgA nephropathy
- SLE
- bacterial endocarditis
5
Q
what colour will the urine be?
what other signs might you see in glomerulonephritis?
A
- smoky/ coke coloured urine
- malaise, headache, loin discomfort
- periorbital oedema
6
Q
what investigations are there?
what can be used to differentiate from nephrotic syndrome? (apart from haematuria)
A
- urinalysis (haematuria and proteinuria)
- throat swab for Strep infection
- low C3 levels, normal in nephrotic syndrome
7
Q
what is the management of glomerulonephritis?
A
- penicillin (10 days) if strep infection
- monitoring of haematuria and proteinuria
- supportive: diuretics and k+ supplementation
- fluid and salt restriction
- anti hypertensive medication
- lipid lowering therapy
- immunosuppression
- antithrombotics
8
Q
what are the life threatening complications of glomerulonephritis?
A
- hypertension
- hyperkalaemia
- acidosis
- seizures
- hypocalcaemia
9
Q
what are the main targets of treatment?
A
- cure infection
- maintain fluid balance/ homeostasis ( electrolytes, clotting, steroids)
- manage hypertension
