immune system

Question 1

acquired immunity

Answer 1

acquired - adaptive and has memory of disease

Question 2

what is innate immunity

Answer 2

recognizes foreign entity and attacks
non-adaptative and does not have memory

Question 3

what is active acquired immunity

Answer 3

vaccination or antibody

Question 4

what is passive acquired immunity

Answer 4

passed from individual to individual
ie mother to child

Question 5

what cells provide initial immune system response

Answer 5

neutrophils and monocytes

Question 6

what is the initial first line of protection

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

what cells are involved in innate immunity

Answer 7

phagocytes

Question 8

what are neutrophils

Answer 8

derive from bone marrow
die after phagocytosis

Question 9

what are natural killer cells

Answer 9

kills viruses, other intracellular microbe-infected cells

respond by releasing cytotoxic granules and secretes cytokines

Question 10

what is humoral immunity

Answer 10

antibodies produced by B lymphocytes
effective against free floating organisms that can easily be reached/neutralized

Question 11

how is humoral immune response compared to cell mediated response? what type of infection is it associated with

Answer 11

more rapid
resistance to acute bacterial infection

Question 12

what are the five type of antibodies by type B lymphocytes

Answer 12

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

Question 13

what is cell-mediated immunity

Answer 13

T lymphocytes - more specific
cells can recognize hidden organisms, search them out and destroy them on a cell-to-cell basis

Question 14

what are regulatory / suppressor T cells

Answer 14

suppress activation of immune system to prevent pathologic self-reactivity / autoimmune disease

Question 15

how does exercise affect immunity response

Answer 15

enhances immune system effectiveness during moderate exercise

prevent neuroendocrine and detrimental immunologic effects of stress

Question 16

what does strenuous exercise affect the immune system

Answer 16

impairment

Question 17

what is iatrogenic immunodeficiency

Answer 17

induced by immunosuppressive drugs, radiation therapy, or splenectomy

Question 18

how does iatrogenic immunodeficiency occur

Answer 18

cytotoxic drugs kill immunocompetent cells during replication

due to the unselective nature, all rapidly dividing cells are affected

Question 19

what are used to treat immune-mediated disorders

Answer 19

corticosteroids - potent anti inflammatory/immunosuppressive effects

Question 20

what is cyclosporine? what does it do?

Answer 20

selectively suppresses the proliferation and development of helper T cells

Question 21

radiation is ____ and causes

Answer 21

cytotoxic to most lymphocytes and causes immunosuppression

Question 22

what is chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 22

a syndrome that induces fatigue that limits work, school and family activities

Question 23

what causes chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 23

acquire neuroendicrine dysregulation that may be onset by acute physical or psychological stress

3/4 people report than an infection (typically mono) triggered the infection

Question 24

what are the symptoms of CFS

Answer 24

acute sore throat, fever, muscle pain and weakness

progressed - muscle pain, forgetfulness along with overwhelming fatigue exacerbated by minimal physical activity

Question 25

how does CFS present / treated?

Answer 25

follows a cyclical course that alternates between periods of illness and periods of well-being

post exertional malaise is a hallmark

treatment is aimed at symptom relief and improved function

Question 26

what is a type 1 hypersensitivity disorder? example?

Answer 26

immediate hypersensitivity response inwhich IgE is produced in response to the pathogen (allergen)

normal allergy reaction that can lead to anaphylactic shock

Question 27

what is a type 2 hypersensitivity disorder? example?

Answer 27

body’s own tissue is recognized as foreign

factors causing agglutination and phagocytosis are recruited

cytotoxic reaction

Question 28

what is a type 3 hypersensitivity disorder? example?

Answer 28

immune complex disease

lupus

Question 29

what is a type 4 hypersensitivity disorder? example?

Answer 29

cell-mediated immunity

inability to recognize a transplant/graft

Question 30

what is SLE? what systems may be involved?

Answer 30

systemic lupus erythematosus
MSK - muscle pain / arthritis aches
cutaneous lesions
cardiopulm - shortness of breath, pericarditis
CNS
renal - bloody urine / destroying of glomerulus

Question 31

what is fibromyalgia

Answer 31

chronic muscle pain syndrome
considered systemic due to multiple tender points as a key symptom

Question 32

what symptoms are associated with fibromyalgia? what are risk factors for fibromyalgia

Answer 32

disordered sleep
prolonged anxiety/emotional stress/trauma
rapid steroid withdrawal
hypothyroidism

Question 33

what are the main differences between fibromyalgia / chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 33

fibro - pain is main symptom, onset is not often associated with an infection

CFS - fatigue is main symptom, onset is often associated with an infection

Question 34

how is fibromyalgia diagnosed? which age group/gender is fibromyalgia most commonly present in?

Answer 34

11 of 18 fibrotendinous areas having pain
between the ages of 20-55
90% are women

Question 35

what 4 regulatory systems does fibromyalgia affect

Answer 35

HPA axis - reduced level of NT that are associated with pain threshold

ANS - ability to modulate and respond to pain is decreased

reproductive hormone axis - onset and exacerbations of the symptoms occur around times of hormonal changes

immune system - glial cells prolong the release of proinflammatory cytokines, inducing an increased pain state

Question 36

what exacerbates fibromyalgia symptoms

Answer 36

stress
overloaded physical activity
trauma
other illnesses