GI Flashcards
what are common s/s of GI disease
nausea
vomitting
diarrhea
constipation
dysphagia
achalasia
heartburn
abdominal pain
fecal incontinence
what causes nausea / vomitting
nausea - irritated nerve endings in the stomach
vom - anything that precipitates nausea
what is achalasia
failure to relax the smooth muscle fibers of the GI tract
how is GI bleeding characterized? what are the names of these?
location of the lesion
- coffee ground emesis (upper)
- hematemesis (upper)
- melena (upper)
- hematochezia (lower)
what is a hiatal hernia
when the cardiac / lower esophageal sphincter becomes enlarged and allows the stomach contents to pass through the diaphragm
what causes hiatal hernias
anything that weakens the diaphragm muscle
increases to intraabdominal pressure
what is barrett’s esophagus
damaged esophagus heals abnormally so that the lining develops a type of cell normally found in the intestine
how is barrett’s esophagus treated
proton pump inhibitors that suppress acid production
antacids
histamine blockers that prevent acid secretion
water between meals
what is a Tracheoesophageal fistula
esophageal anomaly, one of the most common congenital defects
esophagus fails to develop as a continuous passage and there is abnormal communication between the lower portion of the esophagus and trachea
what are s/s of Tracheoesophageal fistula
excessive drooling and occasional aspiration
what disorders are characterized as Malabsorption syndrome
celiac disease
cystic fibrosis
crohn’s disease
chronic pancreatitis
pancreatic carcinoma
pernicious anemia
short-gut syndrome
who is most commonly affected by malabsorption syndromes
women report around 70% of cases
especially those of European descent
what is the bacteria responsible for “food poisoning”
clostridium botulinum
how is food poisoning treated
antitoxins that prevent further binding of the free botulinum toxin to presynaptic endings
What 2 conditions are classified as Inflammatory Bowel Disease
chron’s disease
ulcerative colitis
what is diverticulosis
presence of outpouchings in the wall of the colon or small intestine
what is diverticulitis
diseases complicated by inflammation
what is the most common site for a hernia to occur in the GI system?
inguinal / sports hernia
what are aggravating factors for inguinal hernias
sudden movements and those that stretch/stress the abdominal muscles
what are the s/s of appendicitis
abdominal pain accompanied with anorexia, n/v and low-grade fever
how can we test for appendicitis in the clinic
point/spot tenderness over McBurney’s point (to the right of the belly button)
pinch an inch test (positive)
how do the different inflammatory bowel diseases present
where they originate
ulcerative colitis - only in the colon
chron’s - mouth, anus, intestine
