Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho > Contributing Factors > Flashcards

Contributing Factors Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the US

A

obesity
alcoholism
sedentary lifestyle
tobacco use
abuse/violence
chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat in the body that contributes to numerous chronic diseases and early mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is BMI? how is it calculated?

A

body mass index
weight (kg) / height (m^2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the BMI # associated with overweight? obese? morbid obesity? (all in kg/m^2)

A

25
30
>40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the risk factors for obesity

A

sedentary lifestyle
high glycemic index
illness
medication
environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what three leading causes of death is obesity linked with

A

cardiovascular disease
cancer
diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how much body weight being lost is considered to improve health

A

10% loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tell me the stats of alcoholism

A

most common drug abuse problem in the US

more than 15 million Americans affected

alcohol related deaths outnumber other drug deaths 4 to 1

alcohol is a factor in more than half of all domestic violence and sexual assault cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the single most preventable cause of disease in the US

A

smoking / use of tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what diseases has smoking been linked to

A

chronic pulmonary disease
CVD
cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how can therapists help with a patient in an abusive situation

A

viewing areas of the body that are usually covered
we will see patients multiple times allowing for trusting relationships to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the senescence theory of aging

A

wear and tear over a period of time
change in cellular activity/ability to repair will decrease
one will repair, but they may not get back to OG level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the programmed based aging theory

A

genetically driven process / biological clock

external risk factors have less of an impact on one’s health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the telemorase aging theory

A

each time DNA is replicated telomeres shorten and the DNA is less likely to be protected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most adverse influence on health

A

socioeconomic status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does an improved socioeconomic status affect health

A

higher incomes = better health and live on average about 3 years longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does a poorer socioeconomic status affect health

A

lowest income families report limitation in activity caused by chronic disease almost 3x more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does physical and nonphysical pain relate in the resolve of each?

A

physical will not go away without nonphysical being resolved/addressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

definition of pain

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is acute pain

A

a warning system that carries expectation of resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is chronic pain

A

pain that persists past the normal time of healing

22
Q

those with chronic pain are

A

often depressed, have sleep disturbances, and may become preoccupied with the pain

23
Q

what should be the underlying direction in therapy regarding pain

A

improving functional outcomes rather than reducing pain

24
Q

what is chronic stress correlated with

A

response and manifestation of various disorders

25
Q

how does the body respond to strss

A

mobilization of its defenses to maintain homeostasis

26
Q

how can stress be defined

A

many social and psychological factors that cause neurochemical changes within the body

27
Q

what does current evidence indicate stress as

A

neurophysical, hormonal, and behavioral event

28
Q

what is the neurohormonal axis

A

control center of many complex combinations of biologic and behavioral mechanisms

29
Q

what is the major stress hormone? what does it do?

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic)
can regulate and stimulate release of other stress hormones

30
Q

stress, reaction to stress and PTSD are common causes of

A

physical manifestations

31
Q

what is the timeline of PTSD

A

symptoms usually occur within the first 3 months after exposure to truama

32
Q

how can PTSD occur?

A

indirect or direct exposure to a traumatic event

33
Q

how does one respond to the event

A

intense fear
helplessness
horror

34
Q

how would a child respond with PTSD

A

fear
being withdrawn
disorganized or agitated behavior

35
Q

how does the body respond to traumatic events

A

release of adrenaline and endorphins

36
Q

what role does the amygdala play in PTSD

A

storage of emotional memories that stimulates the release of endorphins and adrenaline that is out of proportion to the stimulation

37
Q

what regulates the amygdala? would any of these have physical changes?

A

frontal cortex, hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex are regulators

frontal cortex may shrink, decreasing its ability to regulate

38
Q

what are pharmacological / therapeutic interventions for PTSD

A

antidepressants
antianxiety
mood stabilizers
antipsychotics

cognitive behavioral therapy
exercise

39
Q

illness is identified as the most consistent factor with

A

late-life depression

40
Q

what medications can cause depression

A

sedatives
hypnotics
cardiac medicine
antihypertensives
steroids

41
Q

how does gender affect depression

A

women are 2x more likely

42
Q

what two neurotransmitters are implicated in the biochemical development of depression

A

norepinephrine and serotonin

43
Q

how does norepinephrine / serotonin affect depression

A

either one has inadequate NE released or it is not absorbed well

depression can affect one’s sleep, decreasing the amount of serotonin released

44
Q

what are warning signs of suicide

A

mood changes
loss of interest in family, work or social activites
significant changes in sleep pattern/appetite

45
Q

what is QPR used for?

A

suicide
q - questions for patient about suicide
p - persuade to get help
r - refer for help

46
Q

definition of resilience

A

ability to avoid, overcome or adapt to adverse circumstances
and/or
ability to recover or return to previous state after stress inducing trauma

47
Q

what internal factors affect resilence

A

cognition
emotion
behavior
physical activities

48
Q

what external factors affect resilience

A

family
community
societal support

49
Q

how will a therapist assist one dealing with trauma / stress

A

assess readiness/build rapport before prescribing lifestyle changes
provide opportunities to improve self-efficacy
promote wellness appropriate to one’s perception of self-efficacy

50
Q

how to provide sensitive care to individuals

A

provide safe environment
listening attentively to client
accepting the individual as a person
obtaining a thorough history that identifies the patients’ needs
recognizing possible contributions that other healthcare providers could provide

51
Q

what can physicians do if they suspect abuse? what if they dont report

A

mandatory reporter

include being charged with Class A misdemeanor
risk suspension of license to practice if not reported
possibility of significant monitory fines

52
Q
A

Patho (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions