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MCAT bio > immune system > Flashcards

immune system Flashcards

1
Q

antigens

A

particles the body recognizes as not self and attacks
- induces an immune response

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2
Q

antibodies

A

initiate immune response in response to engaging with antigens

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3
Q

antibody structure

A

2 light chains and 2 heavy chains ,
- light chains linked by disulfide bonds
light chains contain highly variable region for antigen recognition

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4
Q

epitope

A

specific site on an antigen that binds tothe antibody

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5
Q

major histone compatibility complexes

A

class 1 and 2, present antigen fragments to t cells

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6
Q

MHC class 1 molecules

A

expressed in plasma membrane of all nucleated cells
- present t cells with antigen
- internal checkpoint, mutations associated with cancer

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7
Q

MHC class 2 molecules

A

macrophage and phagocytic cells like dendritic cells and B cells
- source of external information
- present foreign antigens to helper T cells

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8
Q

antigen presentation

A

cells present antigens on their membranes
- mhc molecules present

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9
Q

ELISA

A

immunostaining and visualizing specific proteins, specifical antibodies

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10
Q

innate immune system

A

broad spectrum defense that does not involve recognitiion of specific foreign compunds

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11
Q

cellular components of innate immune system

A

white blood cells

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12
Q

skin

A

major organ and barrier for innate immune system

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13
Q

what part of the imune system does the microbiota work under

A

innate

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14
Q

neutrophils

A

most common type of white blood cell
-phagocytise bacteria
acute inflammation response
- about 60% of WBC

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15
Q

lymphocyte

A

about 30% of circulating WBC
b cells, t cells and NKC

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16
Q

Nk cells

A

part of innate immunity, attack cancer cells

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17
Q

monocytes

A

about 5% of circualting WBCs
- differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells

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18
Q

dendritic cells

A

antigen presenting cells in the skin

19
Q

eosinophils

A

WBC target parasitic infections

20
Q

basophils

A

invovled in allergy response
- histamine and heparin

21
Q

opsonization

A

protein casacade that recruits phagocytes to engolf pathogen

22
Q

compliment system

A

the activation of inflammation; (2) the opsonization (labeling) of pathogens and cells for clearance/destruction; (3) the direct killing of target cells/microbes by lysis.

23
Q

cytokines

A

diverse class of signaling molecules involved in inflammatory response

24
Q

IL-1 family

A

cytokines linked to temperature control, liver enzyme synthesis, cell based immunity, neuroinflammation

25
Q

interferons

A

subset of cytokines with antiviral effects

26
Q

inflammation

A

response to cellular injury,and innate immune response with macrophages and neutrophils
- vasodilation allows movement of WBC

27
Q

types of adaptive immunity

A

humoral and cell mediated

28
Q

humoral adaptive immunity

A

think B antiBody
- b cell learns to recognize pathogen and secrete antibodies in repsonse

29
Q

b cells

A

precursors to antibodies
produced in bone marrow

30
Q

potential fates of activated B cells

A

become plasma cells that secrete antibodies
become memory cells

31
Q

plasma cell

A

activated form of a B cell that secretes antibodies

32
Q

cell mediated adaptive immunity

A

t cells respond to antigens presented by MHC1 and MHC2 molecules

33
Q

cytotoxic CD8 cells

A

recognize antigens presented by MHC1 molecules
- inject target with toxin to initiate apoptosis

34
Q

CD4 helper T cells q

A

recognize antigens presented by MHC2 molecules
- secrete cytokines

35
Q

supressor t cells

A

decrease cell mediated immunity after immune response is completed to avoid self reactivity

36
Q

where are T cells produced? where are they matured

A

produced in bone marrow
stored and matured in thymus

37
Q

positive selection

A

T cells that fail to recognize mhc1 and mhc2 molecules are eliminated

38
Q

negative seelction

A

T cells that are over reactive against self cells are eliminated

39
Q

what occurs in the bone marrow

A

hemoatpoesis
- production of blood cells (RBC, WBC, t cell, b cell)

40
Q

lymphoid stem cells

A

differentiate into lymphocytes (b cells, T cells, NK cells

41
Q

myloid stem cells

A

all other WBC

42
Q

spleen

A

breaks down RBC,

43
Q

lymph nodes

A

strorage of b and t cells

MCAT bio (12 decks)

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