immune system

Question 1

antigens

Answer 1

particles the body recognizes as not self and attacks
- induces an immune response

Question 2

antibodies

Answer 2

initiate immune response in response to engaging with antigens

Question 3

antibody structure

Answer 3

2 light chains and 2 heavy chains ,
- light chains linked by disulfide bonds
light chains contain highly variable region for antigen recognition

Question 4

epitope

Answer 4

specific site on an antigen that binds tothe antibody

Question 5

major histone compatibility complexes

Answer 5

class 1 and 2, present antigen fragments to t cells

Question 6

MHC class 1 molecules

Answer 6

expressed in plasma membrane of all nucleated cells
- present t cells with antigen
- internal checkpoint, mutations associated with cancer

Question 7

MHC class 2 molecules

Answer 7

macrophage and phagocytic cells like dendritic cells and B cells
- source of external information
- present foreign antigens to helper T cells

Question 8

antigen presentation

Answer 8

cells present antigens on their membranes
- mhc molecules present

Question 9

ELISA

Answer 9

immunostaining and visualizing specific proteins, specifical antibodies

Question 10

innate immune system

Answer 10

broad spectrum defense that does not involve recognitiion of specific foreign compunds

Question 11

cellular components of innate immune system

Answer 11

white blood cells

Question 12

skin

Answer 12

major organ and barrier for innate immune system

Question 13

what part of the imune system does the microbiota work under

Answer 13

innate

Question 14

neutrophils

Answer 14

most common type of white blood cell
-phagocytise bacteria
acute inflammation response
- about 60% of WBC

Question 15

lymphocyte

Answer 15

about 30% of circulating WBC
b cells, t cells and NKC

Question 16

Nk cells

Answer 16

part of innate immunity, attack cancer cells

Question 17

monocytes

Answer 17

about 5% of circualting WBCs
- differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 18

dendritic cells

Answer 18

antigen presenting cells in the skin

Question 19

eosinophils

Answer 19

WBC target parasitic infections

Question 20

basophils

Answer 20

invovled in allergy response
- histamine and heparin

Question 21

opsonization

Answer 21

protein casacade that recruits phagocytes to engolf pathogen

Question 22

compliment system

Answer 22

the activation of inflammation; (2) the opsonization (labeling) of pathogens and cells for clearance/destruction; (3) the direct killing of target cells/microbes by lysis.

Question 23

cytokines

Answer 23

diverse class of signaling molecules involved in inflammatory response

Question 24

IL-1 family

Answer 24

cytokines linked to temperature control, liver enzyme synthesis, cell based immunity, neuroinflammation

Question 25

interferons

Answer 25

subset of cytokines with antiviral effects

Question 26

inflammation

Answer 26

response to cellular injury,and innate immune response with macrophages and neutrophils - vasodilation allows movement of WBC

Question 27

types of adaptive immunity

Answer 27

humoral and cell mediated

Question 28

humoral adaptive immunity

Answer 28

think B antiBody - b cell learns to recognize pathogen and secrete antibodies in repsonse

Question 29

b cells

Answer 29

precursors to antibodies produced in bone marrow

Question 30

potential fates of activated B cells

Answer 30

become plasma cells that secrete antibodies become memory cells

Question 31

plasma cell

Answer 31

activated form of a B cell that secretes antibodies

Question 32

cell mediated adaptive immunity

Answer 32

t cells respond to antigens presented by MHC1 and MHC2 molecules

Question 33

cytotoxic CD8 cells

Answer 33

recognize antigens presented by MHC1 molecules - inject target with toxin to initiate apoptosis

Question 34

CD4 helper T cells q

Answer 34

recognize antigens presented by MHC2 molecules - secrete cytokines

Question 35

supressor t cells

Answer 35

decrease cell mediated immunity after immune response is completed to avoid self reactivity

Question 36

where are T cells produced? where are they matured

Answer 36

produced in bone marrow stored and matured in thymus

Question 37

positive selection

Answer 37

T cells that fail to recognize mhc1 and mhc2 molecules are eliminated

Question 38

negative seelction

Answer 38

T cells that are over reactive against self cells are eliminated

Question 39

what occurs in the bone marrow

Answer 39

hemoatpoesis - production of blood cells (RBC, WBC, t cell, b cell)

Question 40

lymphoid stem cells

Answer 40

differentiate into lymphocytes (b cells, T cells, NK cells

Question 41

myloid stem cells

Answer 41

all other WBC

Question 42

spleen

Answer 42

breaks down RBC,

Question 43

lymph nodes

Answer 43

strorage of b and t cells