Ielts-9 Flashcards
extricate
v. untangle, free, release
ex·tri·cate /ˈekstrɪkeɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of extricare, from tricae ‘small difficulties’]
to escape from a difficult or embarrassing situation, or to help someone escape
extricate yourself/sb from sth
How was he going to extricate himself from this situation?
to remove someone from a place in which they are trapped
extricate sb/yourself from sth
Firemen had to extricate the driver from the wreckage.
رها کردن ، خلاصی بخشیدن ، آزاد کردن .
v. serbest bırakmak, salıvermek, çıkarmak, kurtarmak, zor durumdan çıkarmak, açığa çıkarmak [kim.], ayrıştırmak
v. dégager, délivrer
e: he saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together
dab
n. pat, tap; little bit, drop; expert (Slang); type of fish
v. touch lightly; spread lightly; apply small amounts
dab1 /dæb/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: From the sound of hitting something]
a small amount of something that you put onto a surface
dab of
a dab of butter
a light touch with your hand, a cloth etc
She wiped her tears away with a dab of her handkerchief.
be a dab hand at/with sth
BrE informal to be very good at a particular activity
a small flat fish
dabs [plural] BrE old-fashioned your fingerprints dab 2
dab2 v past tense and past participle dabbed present participle dabbing
[I and T]
to touch something lightly several times, usually with something such as a cloth
She dabbed her eyes with a handkerchief.
dab at
He dabbed at his bleeding lip.
[T]
to put a substance onto something with quick light movements of your hand
dab sth on/onto etc sth
She hastily dabbed some cream on her face.
تر کردن ، کهنه را نم زدن ، با چیزنرمی کسی رازدن یا نوازش کردن ، اندکی، قطعه ، تکه ، آهسته زدن .
n. hafif vuruş, hafif kompres; usta, uzman, erbap; pisibalığı türünden bir balık; parmak izi
v. hafif hafif vurmak, hafifçe dokunmak, hafifçe sürmek; parmak izi bırakmak; kurulamak, klişe yapmak
n. coup léger, tape; touche, petit morceau, un peu; “spécialiste” (argot); limande (poisson)
v. donner un petit coup, une tape; tapoter; tamponner; étaler
e: they dabbed some red power on the nose of infant to see his reaction
level with
say honestly, speak frankly
level with
Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
The curtains aren’t quite level.
b) BrE two sports teams, competitors etc that are level have the same number of points
level with
Before the weekend, Madrid was level with Barcelona.
They finished level , with ten points each.
→ level-pegging
c) having the same value or position as something or someone else
level with
Borrowing rates rose to over 8%, roughly level with those in America.
He cycled along beside her, keeping level.
dire franchement
e: I’m gonna level with you this issue
relic
n. remnant, item that remains from a past era; bones of the dead (especially of a religious martyr); souvenir, memento
rel·ic /ˈrelɪk/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: relique, from Latin reliquiae ‘things left behind’, from relinquere; RELINQUISH]
an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time
Roman relics found in a field
relic of
the books and photos, relics of Rob’s university days
Everything in the house seemed old and untouched, like relics of an ancient time.
a part of the body or clothing of a holy person which is kept after their death because it is thought to be holy
اثر، آثار مقدس، عتیقه ، یادگار، باستانی.
n. kalıntı, eski eser, yadigâr, hatıra, kutsal emanet
n. débris, reste; relique (ce qui reste d’un corps saint); vestige; souvenir
e: the conviction that historical relics provide infallible testimony about the past …
fallible
adj. liable to fail, liable to err or make a mistake, not foolproof
fal·li·ble /ˈfælɪbəl/ adj formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: fallibilis, from Latin fallere ‘to deceive’]
able to make mistakes or be wrong
≠ infallible
Humans are fallible.
These surveys are often a rather fallible guide to public opinion.
>fallibility /ˌfælɪˈbɪlɪti/ n [U]
جایز الخطا، اشتباه کننده .
adj. yanılabilir, hatalı olabilir
adj. faillible
chronicle
v. record, write down (historical or other events); narrate
n. narrative; written down record of events
chron·i·cle1 /ˈkrɔnɪkəl US ˈkrɑː-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: cronicle, from Latin chronica, from Greek, from chronikos; CHRONIC]
a written record of a series of events, especially historical events, written in the order in which they happened
chronicle of
He has produced a chronicle of his life during the war years. chronicle 2
chronicle2 v [T]
to describe events in the order in which they happened
His life is chronicled in a new biography published last week.
The book chronicles the events leading up to the war.
شرح وقایع بترتیب تاریخ، تاریخچه .
v. kaydetmek (sırasıyla)
n. kronik, kronolojik yazılmış tarih, günün olayları
v. tenir une chronique
n. chronique, histoire; narration
e; it is now evident that artefacts are as easily altered as chronicles
perplex
v. baffle; confuse; complicate
per·plex /pəˈpleks US pər-/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: perplex ‘perplexed’ (14-17 centuries), from Latin perplexus, from plexus ‘twisted together’]
if something perplexes you, it makes you feel confused and worried because it is difficult to understand
= puzzle
Shea’s symptoms perplexed the doctors.
>perplexing adj
a perplexing problem
بهت زده کردن ، گیج کردن ، سردرگم کردن ، سرگشته کردن .
v. kafa karıştırmak, şaşırtmak, çapraşıklaştırmak
v. compliquer; confondre; embrouiller, troubler
e: The issue of whether long hours of labouring would interfere with children’s growing bodies began to perplex social reformers
drop out
quit school; quit any organized endeavor (race, course, contest, etc.); leave, depart
drop out phr v
to no longer do an activity or belong to a group
The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.
to leave a school or university before your course has finished
→dropout drop out of
Bill dropped out of college after his first year.
to refuse to take part in ordinary society because you do not agree with its principles
→dropout
In the 60s, Timothy Leary famously urged kids to ‘Turn on, tune in and drop out.’
ayrılmak, çıkmak, bırakmak, okulu bırakmak
abandonner; partir, dégager, déguerpir
e: children dropped out by the age of 10 or 11
procreate
v. reproduce, bear children; create, generate; multiply, proliferate, propagate, breed
pro·cre·ate /ˈprəukrieɪt US ˈprou-/ v [I and T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of procreare, from creare; CREATE]
formal to produce children or baby animals
= reproduce
>procreation /ˌprəukriˈeɪʃən US ˌprou-/ n [U]
تولید کردن ، زادن .
v. doğurmak, yaratmak, üretmek
v. procréer, engendrer
e: Early marriage and procreation are no longer discouraged there.
courteous
adj. polite, well-mannered, civil, gentlemanly, respectful
cour·te·ous /ˈkəːtiəs US ˈkəːr-/ adj
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: corteis, from court; COURT1]
polite and showing respect for other people
≠ discourteous
The staff are always courteous and helpful.
a courteous reply
با ادب، مودب، فروتن ، مودبانه .
adj. kibar, nazik, ince, saygılı
adj. courtois, poli, aimable
e: they may come off as more thoughtful and courteous
oaf
n. simpleton; idiot; fool
oaf /əuf US ouf/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Old Norse; Origin: alfr ‘elf’]
someone who is stupid or awkward, especially a man
>oafish adj
بچه ای که پریان بجای بچه حقیقی بگذارند، بچه ناقص الخلقه ، ساده لوح.
n. sakar, beceriksiz, sersem, hödük
n. rustre, idiot; lourdaud, simplet
e: function more like considerate colleagues instead of egocentric oafs
pitch
n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar, asphalt; throw, toss; slant, inclination; place of business; number of characters in an inch (Computers)
v. establish, erect; throw, toss; cover with tar, spread with tar
pitch1 W3 /pɪtʃ/ n
——————————————————————————–
1【sports field】
2【strong feelings/activity】
3【music】
4【persuading】
5【baseball】
6【black substance】
7【ship/aircraft】
8【slope】
9【street/market】
——————————————————————————–
[Sense: 1-5, 7-9; Date: 1400-1500; Origin: PITCH2]
[Sense: 6; Origin: Old English pic, from Latin pix]
【SPORTS FIELD】 [C] BrE
a marked out area of ground on which a sport is played
= field
football/cricket/rugby etc pitch
the world-famous Wembley football pitch
He ran the length of the pitch and scored.
on the pitch
(=playing a sport)
Jack was on the pitch for his school in the Senior Cup Final.
【STRONG FEELINGS/ACTIVITY】 [singular, U]
a strong level of feeling about something or a high level of an activity or a quality
The controversy reached such a pitch (=become so strong) that the paper devoted a whole page to it.
a pitch of excitement/excellence/perfection etc
(=a high level of excitement etc)
He screamed at her in a pitch of fury.
The goal roused the crowd to fever pitch (=a very excited level) .
【MUSIC】
a) [singular, U]
how high or low a note or other sound is
Ultrasonic waves are at a higher pitch than the human ear can hear.
b) [U]
the ability of a musician to play or sing a note at exactly the correct level
She’s got perfect pitch .
【PERSUADING】 [C] informal
the things someone says to persuade people to buy something, do something, or accept an idea
an aggressive salesman with a fast-talking sales pitch
make a/sb’s pitch (for sth)
(=try to persuade people to do something)
He made his strongest pitch yet for standardized testing in schools.
【BASEBALL】 [C]
a throw of the ball, or a way in which it can be thrown
His first pitch was high and wide.
【BLACK SUBSTANCE】[U]
a black, sticky substance that is used on roofs, the bottoms of ships etc to stop water coming through
The night was as black as pitch (=very dark) .
→ pitch-black, pitch-dark
【SHIP/AIRCRAFT】[U]
an up and down movement of a ship or an aircraft
→roll
the pitch and roll of the ship
【SLOPE】 [singular, U]
the degree to which a roof slopes or the sloping part of a roof
the steep pitch of the roof
【STREET/MARKET】 [C] BrE
a place in a public area where someone who sells things to people goes to sell things or where an entertainer goes to sell things or perform
We found the boy at his usual pitch at the bottom of the Acropolis.
→queer sb’s pitch/queer the pitch for sb at queer 3 pitch 2
pitch2 v
——————————————————————————–
1【throw】
2【ball games】
3【fall】
4【ship/plane】
5【set a level】
6【aim product】
7【business deals】
8【voice/music】
9 pitch a tent/pitch camp
10【slope】
11 pitch somebody a line
Phrasal verbs
pitch in
pitch into somebody/something
pitch up
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1100-1200; Origin: Origin unknown]
【THROW】 [T always + adverb/preposition]
to throw something with a lot of force, often aiming carefully
She crumpled up the page and pitched it into the fire.
【BALL GAMES】
a) [I and T]
to aim and throw a ball in baseball
pitch to
Stanton pitched to two batters in the ninth inning.
b) [I]
if a ball pitches in cricket or golf, it hits the ground
c) [T]
to hit the ball in a high curve in golf
d) [T]
to make the ball hit the ground when you are bowling in cricket
【FALL】 [I,T always + adverb/preposition]
to fall or be moved suddenly in a particular direction, or to make someone or something do this
pitch (sb/sth) forward/backward/over etc
She slipped and pitched forward onto the ground.
pitch sb/sth into/onto/through etc sth
Without a seatbelt, you can easily be pitched right through the windscreen.
【SHIP/PLANE】 [I]
if a ship or an aircraft pitches, it moves up and down in an uncontrolled way with the movement of the water or air
→ roll 2 (4), yaw
【SET A LEVEL】 [T usually passive]
a) to set a speech, examination, explanation etc at a particular level of difficulty
pitch sth at a high level/the right level etc
The projects were pitched at a number of different levels.
Some questions were pitched too high for intermediate students.
b) BrE to set prices at a particular level
pitch sth at sth
Room rates are pitched at £69 for a single.
【AIM PRODUCT】 [T usually passive]
to aim a product at a particular type of organization, group of people etc, or to describe it in a particular way, in order to sell it
pitch sth at sb/sth
The new machine will be pitched at users in the hotel and air reservation business.
pitch sth as sth
It is pitched as a cheaper alternative to other workstations.
【BUSINESS DEALS】 [I and T] informal
to try to persuade someone to do business with you, buy something etc
pitch for business/contracts/custom etc
Booksellers are keen to pitch for school business.
pitch to
For many companies, pitching to investors has become almost a full-time job.
sales reps pitching new gadgets
【VOICE/MUSIC】 [T always + adverb/preposition]
if you pitch your voice or another sound at a particular level, the sound is produced at that level
pitch sth high/low etc
Her voice is pitched a little too high.
→ high-pitched, low-pitched
pitch a tent/pitch camp
to set up a tent or a camp for a short time
Try and pitch your tent on level ground.
【SLOPE】 [I always + adverb/preposition]
to slope down
pitch gently/steeply etc
The roof pitches sharply to the rear of the house.
→ pitched
pitch sb a line
AmE informal to tell someone a story or give them an excuse that is difficult to believe
She pitched me some line about a bomb scare on the metro.
pitch in phr v
to join others and help with an activity
If we all pitch in, we’ll have it finished in no time.
pitch in with
Everyone pitched in with efforts to entertain the children.
to join others and pay part of the money towards something
They all pitched in and the money was collected within a few days.
BrE to start to eat hungrily
Pitch in - there’s plenty.
pitch into / [pitch into sb/sth] phr v
to suddenly start criticizing someone or hitting them
She pitched into me as soon as I started to speak.
to start doing something, especially quickly and eagerly
Rick pitched into decorating the house at once.
pitch up phr v
to arrive somewhere
= turn up
Wait a bit longer - Bill hasn’t pitched up yet.
قیر، پرتاب، ضربت باچوگان ، نصب، استقرار، اوجپرواز، اوج، سرازیری، جای شیب، پلکان ، دانگ صدا، زیروبمی صدا، استوارکردن ، خیمه زدن ، برپاکردن ، نصب کردن ، (دربیسبال)توپ رابه طرف چوگان زن پرتاب کردن ، توپ را زدن .گام، درجه ، پرتاب کردن .
n. zift, derece, aşama, basamak, perde (ses), vida adımı, eğim, yokuş (uçak), testere dişi, alan, saha, tezgâh, işportacı tezgâhı, göz boyama
v. ziftlemek, zift kaplamak, atmak, çakmak, kurmak, yerleştirmek, yüklemek, akort etmek, perdesini ayarlamak (ses), taş döşemek (yol), sunmak (mal), düşmek, yalpalamak, sendelemek, eğimli olmak, kur yapmak, sokaklarda satmak
n. hauteur de son, ton, comble; degré, degré de pente ; lieu d’affaires; pas (navigation, aviation); lancement; écartement; espacement, nombre de caractères par pouce (informatique)
v. lancer; dresser; paver, empierrer une chaussée
e: Louise really pitched in when we were eating dinner
discrepancy
n. difference, inconsistency; disagreement, lack of accord
di·screp·an·cy /dɪˈskrepənsi/ n plural discrepancies [U and C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: discrepare ‘to make unpleasant sounds that do not go together’]
a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same
discrepancy in
Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports.
discrepancy between
There is a large discrepancy between the ideal image of motherhood and the reality.
اختلاف.اختلاف، تفاوت، مورداختلاف. مغایرت
n. çelişki, uyuşmazlık, farklılık, aykırılık, tutarsızlık
n. désaccord, écart
e: discrepancy in bank accounts
paraphernalia
n. equipment, tools; miscellaneous objects
par·a·pher·na·li·a /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə US -fər-/ n [U]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: Greek parapherna ‘things brought to a marriage by a woman apart from the agreed amount of money’, from pherne ‘dowry’]
a lot of small things that belong to someone, or are needed for a particular activity
an electric kettle and all the paraphernalia for making tea and coffee
travelling paraphernalia
the things and events that are connected with a particular activity, especially those which you think are unnecessary
all the usual paraphernalia of bureaucracy
حق. - مدنی) اموال شخصی زن ، اثاثالبیت، اثاث، اسباب، لوازم، متعلقات، ضمائم، لفافه .
n. özel eşyalar, öteberi, araç gereç
n. effets; affaires
e: explains why we can often stand interruptions from our inconsiderate electronic paraphernalia
dowry
n. dowery, money or estate that a woman brings to her groom; bride-price; natural gift, endowment
dow·ry /ˈdauəri US ˈdauri/ n plural dowries [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: dowarie, from Medieval Latin dotarium, from Latin dos ‘(marriage) gift’]
property and money that a woman gives to her husband when they marry in some societies
جهیز، جهاز، جهیزیه ، (م. م. ) کابین ، مهریه .
n. çeyiz, drahoma; yetenek, allah vergisi
n. dot
roil
v. make turbid, make muddy; annoy, irritate
syn.: boil churn moil rile
آشفته کردن ، مخلوط کردن ، سرگردان شدن ، دنبال هم دویدن ، با جیغ و داد و بازیکردن .
f. bulandırmak; sinirlendirmek, öfkelendirmek. roil’y s bulanık, çamurlu.
v. souiller, ternir; irriter, ennuyer; fâcher
e; When these roiling tempests strike densely inhabited territories
exquisite
adj. excellent, well made; sharp, intense; delicate, dainty
ex·qui·site /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt, ˈekskwɪ-/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: exquisitus, past participle of exquirere ‘to search out’, from quaerere ‘to look for’]
extremely beautiful and very delicately made
the most exquisite craftsmanship
very sensitive and delicate in the way you behave or do things
She has exquisite taste in art.
literary exquisite pain or pleasure is felt very strongly
>exquisitely adv
>exquisiteness n [U]
نفیس، بدیع، عالی، دلپسند، مطبوع، حساس، دقیق، شدید، سخت.
adj. nazik, kibar, nefis, hassas, keskin, şiddetli, aşırı
adj. exquis, excellent; piquant, vif; sensible, délicat, subtil
e; I was admiring the exquisite workmanship in the mosaic
meticulous
adj. pedantic, cautious concerning minute details; scrupulous
me·tic·u·lous /mɪˈtɪkjʊləs/ adj
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: meticulosus ‘afraid’, from metus ‘fear’]
very careful about small details, and always making sure that everything is done correctly
He kept meticulous accounts.
Their planning and preparation were meticulous.
He cleaned the tools with meticulous care.
The book describes his journey in meticulous detail.
meticulous in
He was meticulous in his use of words.
meticulous about
He has always been so meticulous about his appearance.
>meticulously adv
The attack was meticulously planned and executed.
باریک بین ، خیلی دقیق، وسواسی، ترسو، کمرو.
adj. titiz, çok dikkatli, kılı kırk yaran
adj. méticuleux; sévère, pédant, strict
e; that was just my meticulousness
bug
n. insect; bacteria, virus; programming error which causes a malfunction (Computers); secret listening device
v. plant a microphone; annoy, bother, irritate
bug1 /bʌg/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Perhaps from bug ‘evil spirit, scarecrow’ (14-18 centuries)]
informal an illness that people catch very easily from each other but is not very serious
catch/pick up/get a bug
I picked up a bug last weekend.
There’s a nasty bug going round (=which a lot of people have caught) .
tummy/stomach bug
(=illness affecting your stomach)
He’s off work with a stomach bug.
a 24-hour flu bug
especially AmE a small insect
a fault in the system of instructions that operates a computer
a bug in the software
→ debug
a small piece of electronic equipment for listening secretly to other people’s conversations
informal a sudden strong interest in doing something
the travel/sailing etc bug
She’s got the travel bug.
I had one flying lesson and immediately caught the bug (=became very interested in flying) . bug 2
bug2 past tense and past participle bugged present participle bugging
v [T]
informal to annoy someone
It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.
The baby’s crying is really bugging him.
to put a bug (=small piece of electronic equipment) somewhere secretly in order to listen to conversations
Do you think the room is bugged?
Bug
Bug
AmE informal
a Beetle (=type of small Volkswagen car)
اشکال، گیر.حشره ، ساس، جوجو، بطور پنهانی درمحلی میکروفون نصب کردن .
n. tahtakurusu, böcek; tutku, merak, meraklı, tutkun, delilik; gizli mikrofon, dinleme cihazı
v. dinleme cihazı yerleştirmek; can sıkmak, kızdırmak
n. punaise; insecte; bactérie, virus, microbe; erreur, anomalie, mauvais fonctionnement; bogue, erreur de programmation, erreur dans la rédaction d’un logiciel entraînant des pannes de fonctionnement (Informatique); micro clandestin
v. placer des micros d’écoute; camoufler des micros cachés dans une pièce; brancher un téléphone sur table d’écoute; intercepter une conversation; ennuyer, énerver, emmerder, casser les pieds, irriter
e: did u bug my house?
sobriety
n. calmness, seriousness; temperance, abstention or moderation in the consumption of alcoholic beverages
so·bri·e·ty /səˈbraɪəti/ n [U] formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: sobrieté, from Latin sobrietas, from sobrius; SOBER1]
when someone is not drunk
John had periods of sobriety, but always went back to drinking.
behaviour that shows a serious attitude to life
هشیاری ( در برابر مستی )، متانت، اعتدال، دوران ترک اعتیاد.
n. ağırbaşlık, itidal
n. sobriété; lucidité de l’esprit
e: John had periods of sobriety, but always went back to drinking.
shoddy
n. cheap cloth made from recycled wool; clothing of inferior quality; phony item, something that is cheap
adj. cheap, inferior, of poor quality; phony, imitative, fake
shod·dy /ˈʃɔdi US ˈʃɑːdi/ adj
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: shoddy ‘cloth made from reused wool’ (19-20 centuries)]
made or done cheaply or carelessly
shoddy goods/service/workmanship etc
We’re not paying good money for shoddy goods.
unfair and dishonest
shoddy journalism
>shoddily adv
>shoddiness n [U]
پارچه پست، پست، بدساخت، جازده ، جنس بنجل، کالای تقلبی.
n. sökülerek yeniden örülmüş yün, ip söküğü, çaput, artık, kumaş artığı, değersiz şey, züppelik, bayağılık
adj. artık iplerle örülmüş, çaputlardan yapılmış, artık kumaşlardan yapılmış, bayağı, adi, sahte, kalitesiz, değersiz, kibarlık taslayan
n. drap de laine d’effilochage, tissu de récupération; médiocrité; de pacotille
adj. de mauvaise qualité, pas chers, imité
e: this very shoddy work , I don’t pay for it
scythe
n. agricultural tool comprised of a long curved blade attached to a long handle (used for cutting and harvesting)
v. cut or harvest with a scythe
scythe1 /saɪð/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: sithe]
a farming tool that has a long curved blade attached to a long wooden handle, and is used to cut grain or long grass scythe 2
scythe2 v
[I and T]
to move through or destroy something quickly and violently
Bullets scythed through the crowd.
[T]
to cut with a scythe
داس، با داس بردن ، درو کردن .
n. tırpan
v. tırpanla biçmek, tırpanlamak, biçmek
n. faux
v. faucher
e; they drew a scythe outside his house for threatening
bar
n. rod; latch, bolt; partition; barrier; pub, tavern; counter; restriction; examination to enter the organization which authorizes lawyers and oversees the law profession; lawyers collectively
v. lock, barricade
prep. with the exception of
bar1 W1S1 /bɑː US bɑːr/ n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1【place to drink in】
2【place to buy drink】
3 a wine/coffee/snack etc bar
4 a breakfast bar
5【block shape】
6【piece of metal/wood】
7 behind bars
8【music】
9 bar to (doing) something
10 the bar
11 be called to the bar
12
13
14【pile of sand/stones】
15【colour/light】
16【uniforms】
17【heater】
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: barre]
【PLACE TO DRINK IN】
a) a place where alcoholic drinks are served
→pub
The hotel has a licensed bar .
a cocktail bar
b) BrE one of the rooms inside a pub
The public bar was crowded.
【PLACE TO BUY DRINK】
a counter where alcoholic drinks are served
They stood at the bar.
a wine/coffee/snack etc bar
a place where a particular kind of food or drink is served
a breakfast bar
BrE a place in your kitchen at home where you eat breakfast or a quick meal
【BLOCK SHAPE】
a small block of solid material that is longer than it is wide
a chocolate bar
a candy bar
bar of
a bar of soap
【PIECE OF METAL/WOOD】
a length of metal or wood put across a door, window etc to keep it shut or to prevent people going in or out
houses with bars across the windows
behind bars informal
in prison
Her killer was finally put behind bars .
【MUSIC】
a group of notes and rests, separated from other groups by vertical lines, into which a line of written music is divided
a few bars of the song
bar to (doing) sth
written something that prevents you from achieving something that you want
I could see no bar to our happiness.
the bar
a) BrE the group of people who are barristers
b) AmE an organization consisting of lawyers
be called to the bar
a) BrE to become a barrister
b) AmE to become a lawyer
a long narrow shape along the sides or at the top of a computer screen, usually containing signs that you can click on
the main menu bar at the top of the screen
the toolbar
→ scroll bar
the long piece of wood or metal across the top of the goal in sports such as football
The ball sailed over the goalkeeper’s head, only to hit the bar.
【PILE OF SAND/STONES】
a long pile of sand or stones under the water at the entrance to a harbour
【COLOUR/LIGHT】
a narrow band of colour or light
【UNIFORMS】
a narrow band of metal or cloth worn on a military uniform to show rank
【HEATER】
BrE the part of an electric heater that provides heat and has a red light bar 2
bar2 past tense and past participle barred present participle barring
v [T]
to officially prevent someone from entering a place or from doing something
bar sb from (doing) sth
They seized his passport and barred him from leaving the country.
to prevent people from going somewhere by placing something in their way
She ran back, but Francis barred her way .
A locked gate barred my entrance to the wood.
also bar up
to shut a door or window using a bar or piece of wood so that people cannot get in or out bar 3
bar3 prep
except
We had recorded the whole album, bar one track.
bar none
used to emphasize that someone is the best of a particular group
He’s the most talented actor in the country, bar none.
→ barring
میله ، شمش، مانع شدن .میل، میله ، شمش، تیر، نرده حائل، ( مج. ) مانع، جای ویژه زندانی در محکمه ، (باthe)وکالت، دادگاه ، هیئت وکلائ، میکده ، بارمشروب فروشی، ازبین رفتن (ادعا) رد کردن دادخواست، بستن ، مسدودکردن ، بازداشتن ، ممنوع کردن ، بجز، باستنثائ، بنداب.
n. demir çubuk, parmaklık; avukatlar, avukatlık; sürgü, bariyer, engel; kalıp; ışın, bar, meyhane, baro; yargı, levrek, çizgi
v. sürgülemek, hapsetmek, parmaklıkla çevirmek, parmaklık takmak; önünü kesmek, engellemek, menetmek, yasaklamak; katmamak, saymamak, hoşlanmamak; çizgi yapmak
prep. hariç, den başka, saymazsak
n. barre (fer, bois, chocolat); tablette (chocolat); barre (savon; lingot (or); raie (couleur); barrette (médaille); empêchement, obstacle; barre (des jurés); barreau (avocat); bar, café, bistro; mesure (Musique); bar (Météorologie); division, partition
v. fermer, verrouiller; barricader; barrer (une route); défendre, interdire
prep. excepté; sans; à l’exception de
e: he will stay alive, barring acts of God and murders
pervert
n. deviant, one who has abnormal qualities, one who has aberrant qualities or behaviors
v. make incorrect, falsify; distort, deliberately misinterpret
syn.: abuse convolute corrupt debase debauch degenerate demoralise demoralize deprave deviant deviate misdirect misuse profane sophisticate subvert twist twist around vitiate /
/per·vert1 /pəˈvəːt US pərˈvəːrt/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: pervertir, from Latin pervertere, from vertere ‘to turn’]
to change something in an unnatural and often harmful way
Genetic scientists are often accused of perverting nature.
to influence someone so that they begin to think or behave in an immoral way
= corrupt
TV violence perverts the minds of young children.
pervert the course of justice
law to deliberately prevent a fair examination of the facts about a crime pervert 2
per·vert2 /ˈpəːvəːt US ˈpəːrvəːrt/ n [C]
someone whose sexual behaviour is considered unnatural and unacceptable
منحرف کردن ، از راه راست بدرکردن ، گمراه شدن ، مرتد، بدراه ، منحرف.
n. sapık, din değiştirmiş kimse
v. ayartmak, bozmak, baştan çıkarmak, çarpıtmak
n. perverti
v. pervertir, dépraver; détourner; dénaturer
e: what the hell are you doing there, are you some kind of pervert ?!
ploy
n. maneuver, tactic; trick, plot, scheme
syn.: gambit stratagemploy /plɔɪ/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Probably from employ]
a clever and dishonest way of tricking someone so that you can get an advantage
His usual ploy is to pretend he’s ill.
ploy to do sth
a smart ploy to win votes
تمحید، عمل، اقدام، کار، امر، ورزش، خوشی، وجد.
n. sefer, girişim, iş, dalavere, hile
n. stratagème
e: This is a ploy to get me cook meth again?
mediocre
adj. of medium quality, regular, ordinary, neither good nor bad; low-grade, poor
syn.: acceptable adequate average fair medium moderate ordinary passable so-so
ant.: extreme
me·di·o·cre /ˌmiːdiˈəukə US -ˈoukər/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin mediocris ‘halfway up a mountain’, from medius ‘middle’ + ocris ‘stony mountain’]
not very good
= second rate
I thought the book was pretty mediocre.
a mediocre student
>mediocrity /ˌmiːdiˈɔkrɪti US -ˈɑːk-/ n [U]
حد وسط، متوسط، میانحال، وسط.
adj. sıradan, alelâde, olağan, vasat, orta
adj. médiocre; moyen; ordinaire; de peu de valeur; de qualité secondaire
e; mediocre product
proprietary
n. owner, proprietor; ownership; property, possession
adj. of a proprietor, of an owner; of property, of a possession; protected by a patent or trade mark
pro·pri·e·ta·ry /prəˈpraɪətəri US -teri/ adj formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: proprietarius, from Latin proprietas; PROPERTY]
especially BrE a proprietary product is one that is sold under a trade name
≠ generic
a proprietary brand of insecticide
proprietary software products
relating to who owns something
They have proprietary rights to the data.
He has no proprietary interest in the farm (=he does not own any part of it) .
proprietary behaviour makes it seem that you think you own something or someone
اختصاصی، متعلق به ملاک ، وابسته به مالک .
n. mal sahibi, mal sahipleri, hissedarlar, tescilli ilaç, tescilli mümessil
adj. mal sahipliğine ait, mülkiyet ile ilgili, şahsi, özel, kişiye özel, tescilli, müseccel
n. droit de propriété, propriété; propriétaire
adj. relatif à la propriété industrielle, selon un brevet; relatif aux droits d’auteur; relatif à une marque déposée; relatif à un propriétaire
e; I have some kind of proprietary on this formula for this product
hunch
n. hump; protuberance; thick piece; protrusion; push, thrust; feeling, premonition, intuition, gut feeling
v. push out or up to create a hump, arch in a convex manner; bend down, crouch, stoop down; shove, push
hunch1 /hʌntʃ/ n [C]
if you have a hunch that something is true or will happen, you feel that it is true or will happen
→suspicion have a hunch (that)
I had a hunch that something like this would happen.
sb’s hunch
My hunch is that she’s his mother. hunch 2
hunch2 v
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to bend down and forwards so that your back forms a curve
hunch over
He had to hunch over the steering wheel to see anything.
hunch your shoulders
to raise your shoulders into a rounded shape because you are cold, anxious etc
>hunched adj
a hunched figure sitting by the fire
خم کردن ، بشکل قوز درآوردن ، ( باup یاout) قوز کردن ، تنه زدن ، قوز، گوژ، قلنبه ، فشار با آرنج، کوهان ، ظن ، احساس وقوع امری در آینده .
n. kambur, hörgüç, topak, önsezi, eğilme
v. kamburlaştırmak, çömelmek
n. bosse; crainte; bloc; sensation
v. voûter; arrondir
e: your hunch was right
hump
n. bump; rounded projection (especially on the back of humans or animals); small raised area of land, small hillock
v. bend the back, arch the back upward; ball, engage in sexual intercourse (Vulgar Slang)
hump1 /hʌmp/ n
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Perhaps from Dutch homp or Low German humpe]
[C]
a large round shape that rises above the surface of something
the hump of a hill
speed/traffic humps
BrE a series of humps in the road, designed to make traffic slow down
hump
[C]
a raised part on the back of a camel
[C]
a raised part on someone’s back that is caused by an unusually curved spine
→hunchback
be over the hump
to have finished the most difficult part of something
give sb the hump/get the hump
BrE spoken to make someone feel angry or upset, or to feel angry or upset hump 2
hump2 v informal
[T] BrE
to carry something heavy from one place to another with difficulty
= heave, lug lug
→drag hump sth down/along/across etc
I managed to hump the suitcases upstairs.
[I and T] not polite to have sex with someone
قوز، گوژ، کوهان ، برآمدگی گرد، پیاده روی، قوز کردن ، تروشروئی کردن ، رویکول انداختن .
n. kambur, hörgüç, tümsek, tepe, huzursuzluk
v. kamburlaştırmak, sırtında taşımak, sırtına almak, gayret etmek, huzursuz etmek, rahatsız etmek, ilişki kurmak, cinsel ilişkiye girmek
n. bosse
v. courber le dos, arrondir; voûter; baiser (Argot vulgaire), avoir des rapports sexuels
gambit
n. tactic in which a piece is sacrificed to gain an advantage (Chess); maneuver by which one seeks to gain an advantage
gam·bit /ˈgæmbɪt/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: gambetto ‘act of making someone fall over’, from gamba ‘leg’]
something that you do or say which is intended to give you an advantage in an argument
a clever debating gambit
These questions are often an opening gambit (=the thing you say first) for a negotiation.
a planned series of moves at the beginning of a game of chess
شروع بازی شطرنج، از دست دادن یکی دو پیاده در برابر تحصیل امتیازاتی، بذله ، موضوع بحث.
n. gambit (satranç), ilk söz, hesaplı hareket, hile
n. gambit, manoeuvre (échecs)
e: - that is really a brilliant gambit on my part
culpable
adj. guilty, punishable, condemnable, worthy of blame
syn.: blamable faulty guilty
cul·pa·ble /ˈkʌlpəbəl/ adj
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: coupable, from Latin culpabilis, from culpare ‘to blame’, from culpa ‘guilt’]
formal deserving blame
Both parties were held to be to some extent culpable.
law a culpable action is one that is considered criminal
culpable homicide/negligence etc
He pleaded guilty to culpable homicide.
>culpably adv
>culpability /ˌkʌlpəˈbɪlɪti/ n [U]
مقصر، مجرم، سزاوار سرزنش، قابل مجازات
adj. suçlu, kabahatli, kusurlu
crib
n. small bed for a baby; feed rack for animals; stall; plagiarism; translation
v. steal; imprison; place in a crib; copy, plagiarize; practice crib-biting (of a horse)
crib1 /krɪb/ n
[Language: Old English; Origin: cribb]
[C] AmE
a bed for a baby or young child, with bars on the side to stop the baby from falling out
British Equivalent: cot
[C] BrE
a bed with high sides for a very young baby, which you can move gently from side to side
= cradle
[C]
a wooden frame in which you put food for animals such as cows and horses
[C] BrE
a model of the scene of Jesus’ birth, often placed in churches and homes at Christmas
→Nativity
[C] BrE informal a book or piece of paper with information or answers to questions, which students sometimes use dishonestly in examinations
[C] AmE spoken the place where someone lives
sb’s crib
I’m not at my crib, I’m at Jed’s house.
[U]
the card game of cribbage crib 2
crib2 past tense and past participle cribbed present participle cribbing
v [I and T] especially BrE
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: crib ‘to steal from a basket’ (18-19 centuries), from CRIB1]
to copy school or college work dishonestly from someone else
crib sth off/from sb
He didn’t want anyone to crib the answers from him.
آخور، تختخواب بچه ، دله دزدی، دزدی ادبی، کش رفتن یا دزدیدن .
n. beşik, bebek yatağı, çocuk yatağı; yemlik; ahır, kulübe, ev; kopya; aşırma
v. ahıra tıkmak, ahırı yemlikle donatmak; kopya çekmek; aşırmak; çalmak
n. lit d’enfant; mangeoire, râtelier, huche, armoire; plagiat; vol; traduction
v. copier; voler
e: Mary deposited the baby in the crib
warrant
n. authorization, sanction; justification; authority; license to search (a house, etc.); authorization to make an arrest; guarantee; license; voucher; empowerment
v. authorize; justify, entitle; empower; permit; sanction; vouch for, guarantee; pledge
war·rant1 /ˈwɔrənt US ˈwɔː-, ˈwɑː-/ n
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old North French; Origin: warant]
[C]
a legal document that is signed by a judge, allowing the police to take a particular action
warrant for
The magistrate issued a warrant for his arrest.
→ death warrant, search warrant
[C]
an official document giving someone the right to do something, for example buy shares in a company
The company issued warrants for 300,000 shares of Common Stock.
formal no warrant for (doing) sth
no good reason for doing something
There is no warrant for copying other people’s work.
→ unwarranted warrant 2
warrant2 v [T]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old North French; Origin: warantir, from warant; WARRANT1]
to need or deserve
This tiny crowd does not warrant such a large police presence.
warrant attention/consideration etc
Another area that warrants attention is that of funding for universities.
to promise that something is true
warrant that
The Author hereby warrants that the Publisher is the owner of the copyright.
I’ll warrant (you)
old-fashioned used to tell someone that you are sure about something
warrant (that)
I’ll warrant we won’t see him again.
سند عندالمطالبه ، گواهی کردن ، تضمین کردن ، گواهی، حکم.
n. garanti, teminât, vekâletname, yetki belgesi, hak, yetki, ruhsat, izin belgesi, tayin emri, haklı neden
v. yetki vermek, mazur göstermek, izin vermek, ruhsat vermek, garanti etmek, temin etmek, kefil olmak
n. garantie; autorisation; justification; mandat de perquisition; mandat d’arrêt; autorité, pouvoir; certificat; ordonnance, paiement; garantie, gage; procuration
v. garantir, certifier; répondre de quelque chose; confirmer; justifier; promettre
e; ok u want a warrant to enter this parking lot?
paw
n. animal foot
v. touch, feel; scratch, strike; fondle, caress (Slang)
PAW (parents are watching) [pɔː]
be careful about what you type because my parents are looking at the computer screen (Internet Slang)
paw1 /pɔː US pɔː/ n [C]
fur, paw, claw
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: poue]
an animal’s foot that has nails or claws
a lion’s paw
informal someone’s hand - used when you are annoyed or angry
Keep your filthy paws off me! paw 2
paw2 v [I and T]
if an animal paws a surface, it touches or rubs one place several times with its paw
paw at
The dog’s pawing at the door again - let him out.
His horse pawed the ground.
informal to feel or touch someone in a rough or sexual way that is offensive
He’d had too much to drink and started pawing me.
پنجه ، پا، چنگال، دست، پنجه زدن .
n. pati, pençe, çirkin el yazısı
v. yeri eşelemek (at), pençe atmak, ellemek (kabaca)
n. main; patte; plante du pied (d’un animal)
v. tripoter (argot), griffer; donner un coup de patte
e: snatching the fish with their mighty paws
posterity
n. offspring, descendants; future generations
pos·ter·i·ty /pɔˈsterɪti US pɑː-/ n [U] formal
all the people in the future who will be alive after you are dead
preserve/record/keep etc sth for posterity
a priceless work of art that must be kept for posterity
اولاد، اعقاب، زادگان ، اخلاف، آیندگان .
n. gelecek kuşaklar, soy, nesil
n. descendants; la prochaine génération
e: it is our resposibility to presrve them for posterity
impeccable
adj. faultless, perfect; free from sin, pure
im·pec·ca·ble /ɪmˈpekəbəl/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: impeccabilis, from peccare ‘to do bad things’]
without any faults and impossible to criticize
= perfect
She has taught her children impeccable manners .
a bar with impeccable service
>impeccably adv
impeccably dressed
بی عیب و نقص.
adj. kusursuz, hatasız, günahsız, şüphe edilmeyen
adj. impeccable, sans défaut; pur; parfait
e: the quality of the product maybe impeccable
nab
v. seize quickly and stealthily; arrest; grab; steal (Informal)
nab /næb/ v past tense and past participle nabbed present participle nabbing [T] informal
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Perhaps from nap ‘to seize’ (17-19 centuries), from a Scandinavian language]
to catch or arrest someone who is doing something wrong
The police nabbed him for speeding.
to get something or someone quickly, especially before anyone else can get them
See if you can nab a seat.
قاپیدن ، دستگیر کردن ، توقیف.
v. kapmak, yakalamak
v. épingler (un malfaiteur), arrêter; chiper subitement, voler
e: Police will nab me if I do this
trek
n. journey, difficult journey; hike with knapsacks that lasts a few days
v. journey, make a difficult or long journey, migrate
trek1 /trek/ n [C]
a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure
= hike
a lonely trek through the forest
informal a distance that seems long when you walk it
I’m afraid it’s a bit of a trek to the station. trek 2
trek2 past tense and past participle trekked present participle trekking
v [I always + adverb/preposition]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Afrikaans; Origin: Middle Dutch trecken ‘to pull, haul, move to new land’]
informal to make a long and difficult journey, especially on foot
= hike trek up/down etc
The elevator was broken, so we had to trek up six flights of stairs.
to walk a long way, especially in the mountains, as an adventure
= hike trek in/across etc
For five days he trekked across the mountains of central China.
سفر، کوچ مسافرت باگاری، بازحمت حرکت کردن ، باسختی وآهستگی مسافرت کردن .
n. kağnı ile gitme, göç (zorlu)
v. kağnı ile gitmek, öküz arabası ile göç etmek, göçmek
n. voyage, expédition, long voyage, randonnée; excursion de plusieurs jours
v. faire une randonnée; faire un voyage long et pénible
e; lawyer who joked that his annual treks to the mountain had earned him the right to have it named after him, mount Rushmond
rationale
n. argument, reasoning; grounds for an action
ra·tio·nale /ˌræʃəˈnɑːl US -ˈnæl/ n [C usually singular]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Latin rationalis; RATIONAL]
formal the reasons for a decision, belief etc
rationale behind/for/of
The rationale behind the changes is not at all evident.
The rationale for using this teaching method is to encourage student confidence.
توضیح اصول عقاید، اس اساس، بنیاد و پایه .
n. mantık, mantıklı açıklama, gerekçe
n. argument, raison, motif
e; the rationale being to make significant financial savings on lower international labour rates
ethos
n. (Anthropology) characteristic nature of a people or community or era; natural disposition of a people or community
e·thos /ˈiːθɔs US ˈiːθɑːs/ n [singular]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: ‘custom, character’]
the set of ideas and moral attitudes that are typical of a particular group
a community in which people lived according to an ethos of sharing and caring
عادات ورسوم قومی، صفات وشخصیت انسان
n. kültürel yapı, ahlâki yapı, kültür, ahlâki değer
n. systèmes de valeurs
e: a grading system has been developed that encourages an ethos of hard work and recognises accomplishment
stunt
n. daring feat, exploit, act requiring great strength or skill; something that is done to attract attention
v. perform a stunt; impede the growth or development of, dwarf, retard
stunt1 /stʌnt/ n [C]
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Perhaps from stump ‘something risky which someone has persuaded you to do’]
a dangerous action that is done to entertain people, especially in a film
stuntman
Not many actors do their own stunts .
a stunt flying show
something that is done to attract people’s attention, especially in advertising or politics
Todd flew over the city in a hot air balloon as a publicity stunt .
pull a stunt
to do something that is silly or that is slightly dangerous
Next time you pull a stunt like that don’t expect me to get you out of trouble. stunt 2
stunt2 v [T]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: stunt ‘rude, stunted’ (16-19 centuries), probably from a Scandinavian language]
to stop something or someone from growing to their full size or developing properly
Lack of sunlight will stunt the plant’s growth.
از رشد بازماندن ، کوتاه نگاه داشتن ، کوتاه ، زور، شاهکار، شیرین ، بدل کاری کردن، کاری، شیرین کاری کردن . آکروباسی کرن
n. hüner, numara, marifet, akrobatik uçuş, gösteri uçuşu
v. büyümesine engel olmak, bodur bırakmak, dikkat çekici reklam yapmak, akrobatik uçuş yapmak
n. coup d’épate, affaire de publicité; tour de force; acrobatie
v. arrêter dans sa croissance; rabougrir; retarder, restreindre, réduire
e; This improvement alone has solved many problems that had before stunted the growth of the company
anonymous
adj. nameless, of an unknown person
a·non·y·mous /əˈnɔnɪməs US əˈnɑː-/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: anonymus, from Greek, from an- ‘without’ + onyma ‘name’]
unknown by name
the anonymous author of a collection of poems
anonymous donor/benefactor
the anonymous donor of a large sum of money
According to one employee, who wishes to remain anonymous , the company engaged in illegal activities.
done, sent, or given by someone who does not want their name to be known
an anonymous donation of $5,000
anonymous phone call/letter etc
(=one that is often unpleasant or contains threats)
written uninteresting in features or qualities - used to show disapproval
grey, anonymous housing estates
>anonymously adv
بی نام، دارای نام مستعار، تخلصی، لاادری.
adj. anonim, imzasız, isimsiz, yaratıcısı bilinmeyen
adj. anonyme, incognito
e; In the past, anonymous complaints had been at the root of much confusion
testament
n. will; covenant between God and man
tes·ta·ment /ˈtestəmənt/ n [C] formal
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Latin; Origin: testamentum ‘last will’, from testari ‘to be a witness, make a will’, from testis; TESTIFY]
be a testament to sth
proving or showing very clearly that something exists or is true
The aircraft’s safety record is a testament to its designers’ skill.
a will 2(2)
>testamentary /ˌtestəˈmentəri/ adj
→ New Testament, Old Testament
وصیت نامه ، پیمان ، تدوین وصیت نامه ، عهد. شاهد
n. vasiyetname, vasiyet, ahit, inançların açıklanması
n. testament
e: These figures are truly admirable and serve as a testament to the measures that Khanna has introduced
ambush
n. act of hiding in order to make a surprise attack
v. hide in order to make a surprise attack
am·bush /ˈæmbuʃ/ n [U and C]
lurk
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: embuschier, from en ‘in’ + busche ‘wood’]
a sudden attack on someone by people who have been hiding and waiting for them, or the place where this happens
The soldiers were killed in an ambush.
In winter the danger of ambush is much reduced.
lie/wait in ambush
Armed police lay in ambush behind the hedge.
>ambush v [T]
Everybody thought our train would be ambushed, but we got out safely.
کمین ، کینگاه ، دام، سربازانی که درکمین نشسته اند، پناه گاه ، مخفی گاه سربازان برای حمله ، کمین کردن ، در کمین نشستن .
n. tuzak, pusu, pusuya yatmış askerler
v. pusuya yatmak, tuzak kurmak, pusuya düşürmek, pusuya yerleştirmek
n. embuscade
v. tendre une embuscade
e: all we know two men ambushed him
repugnant
adj. offensive, disgusting; contradictory, inconsistent; averse, opposed
re·pug·nant /rɪˈpʌgnənt/ adj formal
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Latin, present participle of repugnare ‘to fight against’]
very unpleasant and offensive
= repellent
v. repugn= contend, contest, resist, fight against, oppose; refute
deeply/utterly/wholly etc repugnant
I find his political ideas totally repugnant.
repugnant to
Animal experiments are morally repugnant to many people.
متناقض، مخالف، تنفرانگیز، زننده .
adj. iğrenç, itici, aykırı, karşı, muhalif, isteksiz, gönülsüz
adj. répugnant, dégoûtant; contradictoire; opposé; incompatible
e: Australia demands China apology for repugnant post
peril
n. danger, risk, hazard
v. put at risk, endanger, jeopardize
per·il /ˈperɪl/ n
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin periculum]
[U] literary or formal great danger, especially of being harmed or killed
in peril
They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends.
great/grave/serious peril
The economy is now in grave peril.
a voyage that was fraught with peril (=full of danger)
[C usually plural] literary or formal a danger or problem in a particular activity or situation
the perils posed by mountaineering
peril of
the perils of the sea
do sth at your peril
used to say that what someone is intending to do is dangerous or could cause them problems
Politicians ignore this issue at their peril.
خطر، مخاطره ، بیم زیان ، مسئولیت، درخطر انداختن ، در خطر بودن .
n. tehlike
v. tehlikeye atmak
n. péril, danger
v. mettre en péril
e: UK reportedly draw up secret assessment of Corona
perils as new tiering system looms large
tier
n. one of a series of rows, layer, level, rank
tier /tɪə US tɪr/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: tire ‘order, rank’; ATTIRE]
one of several levels or layers that rise up one above the other
The lower tier has 10,000 seats.
in tiers
Terraces of olive trees rose in tiers.
two-tiered/three-tiered etc
(=having two, three etc levels or layers)
a three-tiered wedding cake
one of several levels in an organization or system
tier of
the most senior tier of management
the first/second etc tier
The second tier of the programme is in-house training.
a two-tier system of government
ردیف صندلی، ردیف، رده ، صف، ردیف کردن ، ردیف شدن .
n. sıra, dizi, aşama, rütbe
n. gradin, étage, niveau, rang, degré
ratify
v. approve, authorize, confirm, sanction
rat·i·fy /ˈrætɪfaɪ/ v past tense and past participle ratified present participle ratifying third person singular ratifies [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: ratifier, from Medieval Latin ratificare, from Latin ratus; RATE1]
to make a written agreement official by signing it
ratify a treaty/an agreement/a decision etc
We hope that the republics will be willing to ratify the treaty.
>ratification /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n [U]
an attempt to delay ratification of the treaty
بتصویب رساندن ، تصویب کردن .
v. onaylamak, tasdik etmek, onamak
v. ratifier, confirmer, approuver, attester, autoriser, homologuer
e: Iranian parliament ratifies general outlines for nuclear revival plan after top scientist killed
maul
n. hammer, sledge-hammer; brawl
v. wound, crush, mutilate; behave crudely; handle roughly or carelessly
maul /mɔːl US mɔːl/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: maul ‘hammer’ (13-20 centuries), from Old French mail, from Latin malleus]
if an animal mauls someone, it injures them badly by tearing their flesh
A mentally ill man was mauled after climbing into the lions’ enclosure at London Zoo.
to strongly criticize something, especially a new book, play etc
Her latest book was absolutely mauled by the critics.
to touch someone in a rough sexual way which they think is unpleasant
What makes you think you’ve got the right to maul me like that?
informal to defeat someone very easily - used especially in sports reports
Stanford have looked quite good lately. They absolutely mauled Notre Dame last weekend.
>mauling n [singular]
Juppe got a mauling over the government’s failure to fulfil its promises.
چکش چوبی، تخماق، چماق، گرز، توپوز، ضربت سنگین ، باچکش زدن یاکوبیدن ، خردکردن ، له کردن ، صدمه زدن .
n. tokmak
v. dövmek, hırpalamak, yaralamak, yarmak
n. marteau, maillet; dispute, querelle
v. maul (rugby); blesser, mutiler; éreinter, tailler en pièces (sens figuré)
e; Big cat mauls volunteer at Tiger king sanctuary
limbo
n. place between heaven and hell (Catholicism); state of oblivion; transitional state; dance in which the dancer bends backward and moves under a horizontal bar (originated in the West Indies)
lim·bo /ˈlɪmbəu US -bou/ n
[Sense: 1; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: Latin limbus ‘border’]
[Sense: 2; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: LIMBER2]
[singular, U]
a situation in which nothing happens or changes for a long period of time, and it is difficult to make decisions or know what to do, often because you are waiting for something else to happen first
be in limbo
I’m in limbo now until I know whether I’ve got the job.
limbo of
the limbo of his eight years in jail
the limbo
a West Indian dance in which the dancer leans backwards and goes under a stick that is lowered gradually
کنار دوزخ، برزخ.
n. cehennemin sınırındaki yer, zindan, belirsizlik, muallak
n. limbes, lieu entre l’enfer et le paradis (Catholicisme); état vague; état transitionnel; incertitude; limbo, danse où le danseur doit se courber et essayer de passer sous une barre horizontale
e: Brexit talks in limbo as UK claims EU comes up with new demands at last moment
conciliate
syn.: allay alleviate calm moderate pacify quiet restrain soothe
ant.: alienate estrange
con·cil·i·ate /kənˈsɪlieɪt/ v [I and T] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of conciliare ‘to bring together, unite’, from concilium; COUNCIL]
to do something to make people more likely to stop arguing, especially by giving them something they want
proposals designed to conciliate the unions
>conciliator n [C]
ساکت کردن ، آرام کردن ، مطالعه کردن ، آشتی دادن .
v. gönlünü almak, dostluğunu kazanmak, yatıştırmak, uzlaştırmak, barıştırmak
v. concilier, calmer
e: Merkel, Macron reportedly make Johnson conciliatory final offer on Brexit talks to avoid No-Deal
impale
v. pin down, fix in place with a sharp or pointed object; pierce through with a sharp object, stab; make helpless, immobilize with a word or look
im·pale /ɪmˈpeɪl/ v [T often passive]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: empaler, from Medieval Latin impalare, from Latin palus ‘pointed stick’]
if someone or something is impaled, a sharp pointed object goes through them
be impaled on sth
Their heads were impaled on Charles Bridge as a warning to others.
>impalement n [U and C]
چهار میل کردن ، بر چوب آویختن ، سوراخ کردن ، احاطه کردن ، محدود کردن ، میله کشیدن .
v. kazığa oturtmak, kazık sokmak
v. empaler; embrocher, enfoncer un objet tranchant; percer, fendre
e: man guilty of shooting and impaling rowdy rooster
rowdy
n. noisy or disorderly person, hooligan, ruffian
adj. rough, noisy, disorderly, wild, unruly
row·dy1 /ˈraudi/ adj
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Perhaps from row ‘unpleasant noise’ (18-21 centuries)]
behaving in a noisy rough way that is likely to cause arguments and fighting
gangs of rowdy youths
>rowdily adv
>rowdiness n [U]
>rowdyism n [U] rowdy 2
rowdy2 plural rowdies
n [C usually plural]
old-fashioned someone who behaves in a rough noisy way
پر سر و صدا، خشن ، داد و بیداد کن ، سرکش، سر و صدا و آشوب کردن .
n. kabadayı, külhanbeyi, dayı, bıçkın delikanlı
adj. baldırı çıplak, kabadayı, zorba
n. chahuteur, tapageur; querelleur, personne bruyante
adj. turbulent, voyou; bruyant; désordonné; sauvage
buck
n. male deer; male rabbit; dollar (Slang)
v. move rapidly and with violence; jump vertically legs stiff and back arched ; bet, gamble (Slang)
buck1 S1 /bʌk/ n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1【dollar】
2 the buck stops here
3 pass the buck
4【animal】
5 feel/look like a million bucks
6【man】
——————————————————————————–
[Sense: 1,4; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Perhaps from buckskin; because it was used as a unit of exchange in trade with Native Americans.]
[Sense: 2; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: buck ‘object used in the card game of poker to mark the next person to play’ (19-20 centuries), from buckhorn knife ‘knife with a handle made from a buck’s horn’ (19-20 centuries).]
[Sense: 3, 5; Origin: Old English bucca ‘male deer or goat’]
【DOLLAR】 informal
a US, Canadian, or Australian dollar
He owes me ten bucks.
The movie is about a group of men trying to make a buck (=earn some money) as male strippers.
big/mega bucks
(=a lot of money)
Using celebrities in advertising is guaranteed to pull in big bucks.
make a fast/quick buck
(=make some money quickly, often dishonestly)
the buck stops here also the buck stops with sb
used to say that a particular person is responsible for something
The buck stops firmly with the boss.
pass the buck
to make someone else them responsible for something that you should deal with
【ANIMAL】
plural buck
or bucks
a male rabbit, deer, and some other male animals
→doe
feel/look like a million bucks
informal especially AmE to feel or look very healthy, happy, and beautiful
【MAN】
old-fashioned a young man
→(get) a bigger/better etc bang for your buck at bang 1 (5) buck 2
buck2 v
——————————————————————————–
1【horse】
2【move suddenly】
3【oppose】
4【make somebody happier】
Phrasal verbs
buck for something
buck up
——————————————————————————–
【HORSE】 [I]
if a horse bucks, it kicks its back feet into the air, or jumps with all four feet off the ground
【MOVE SUDDENLY】 [I]
to suddenly move up and down or backwards and forwards in an uncontrolled way
The plane bucked sharply.
【OPPOSE】 [T]
to oppose something in a direct way
He was a rebel who continually bucked the system (=opposed rules or authority) .
Unemployment in the area has bucked the national trend by falling over the last month.
buck against
Initially he had bucked against her restraints.
【MAKE SOMEBODY HAPPIER】 [T]
to make someone feel more happy, confident, or healthy
He was bucked by the success he’d had.
She gave me a tonic which bucked me a little.
buck for [buck for sth] phr v
to try very hard to get something, especially a good position at work
He’s bucking for promotion.
buck up phr v
to become happier or to make someone happier
Come on, buck up, things aren’t that bad!
buck sb⇔up
You need something to buck you up.
buck up!
BrE old-fashioned used to tell someone to hurry up
Buck up, John! We’ll be late.
informal to improve, or to make something improve
It’ll be a long time before the situation starts to buck up.
buck sth⇔up
a company that is looking to buck up its networking capabilities
buck your ideas up
BrE informal used to tell someone to improve their behaviour or attitude buck 3
buck3 adv AmE
buck naked
not wearing any clothes
جنس نر آهو وحیوانات دیگر، ( آمر ) قوچ، دلار، بالا پریدن وقوز کردن ( چون اسب )، ازروی خرک پریدن ، مخالفت کردن با ( دربازی فوتبال وغیره )، جفتک ، جفتک انداختن .
n. sorumluluk; antilop; dolar, papel; sıçrayan hayvan, erkek geyik; züppe; erkek kızılderili; zenci; pokerde kâğıt dağıtma sırası
v. sıçramak, sıçrayıp binicisini düşürmek; karşı gelmek, itaatsizlik etmek, itiraz etmek buck 2
adj. erkeklerle ilgili, erkeklere özel
n. daim, chevreuil (mâle); male (renne, chamois, lapin); dollar (Argot)
v. parier, miser (Argot)
e: The mask-wearing city that bucked the trend
dissident
n. dissenter, protester
adj. opposing, dissenting, disagreeing
dis·si·dent /ˈdɪsɪdənt/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: dissidere ‘to sit apart, disagree’, from sedere ‘to sit’]
someone who publicly criticizes the government in a country where this is punished
a prominent political dissident
>dissident adj [only before noun]
dissident writers
>dissent V
>dissidence n [U]
مخالف (عقیده عموم)، معاند، ناموافق.
n. muhalif, karşıt görüşlü kimse, karşı gelen kimse; kiliseye karşı olan kimse
adj. karşıt görüşlü, muhalif
n. dissident
adj. dissident, opposant
e: dissident journalist, Zam, executed in Iran
scuffle
n. quarrel, minor fight, altercation
v. quarrel, engage in a minor fight
scuf·fle1 /ˈskʌfəl/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language]
a short fight that is not very violent
Scuffles broke out between rival supporters during the match.
scuffle with/between
scuffles with police scuffle 2
scuffle2 v [I]
to have a short fight with someone, in a way that is not very serious or violent
scuffle with
Some of the demonstrators scuffled with the police.
[always + adverb/preposition]
to walk quickly and make a noise as your feet rub on the ground
نزاع، غوغا، کشمکش، جنجال، مشاجره ، کشمکش کردن ، دست بیقه شدن با.
n. itiş kakış, boğuşma, kavga
v. itişip kakışmak, boğuşmak, saç saça başbaşa kavga etmek, ayaklarını sürümek
n. bagarre, dispute, querelle
v. se disputer; se battre; se bagarrer
e: Pro-Trump rallies see scuffles in US cities
flaunt
v. show off, boast, display showily
flaunt /flɔːnt US flɔːnt, flɑːnt/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language]
to show your money, success, beauty etc so that other people notice it - used to show disapproval
The rich flaunted their wealth while the poor starved on the streets.
if you’ve got it, flaunt it
spoken used humorously to tell someone not to hide their beauty, wealth, or abilities
به رخ کشیدن ، بالیدن ، خرامیدن ، جولان دادن ، خودنمائی، جلوه .
v. hava atmak, gösteriş yapmak, övünerek göstermek, azametle dalgalanmak, açıkça karşı gelmek
v. faire étalage de; afficher
e: ‘Are u a porn star?!’ fans frown as Emily posts steamy naked pics flaunting baby bump
perch
n. branch; position, standing; safe place; type of spiny fish found in European and North American waters
v. sit on a rod; sit on a branch; alight, land (Slang); seat, sit; position, make stand
perch1 /pəːtʃ US pəːrtʃ/ n [C]
[Sense: 1-2; Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: perche, from Latin pertica ‘pole’]
[Sense: 3; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: perche, from Latin perca, from Greek perke]
a branch or stick where a bird sits
informal a high place or position, especially one where you can sit and watch something
She watched the parade from her perch on her father’s shoulders.
a type of fish that lives in lakes and rivers perch 2
perch2 v
be perched on/above etc sth
to be in a position on top of something or on the edge of something
a house perched on a cliff above the town
perch (yourself) on sth
to sit on top of something or on the edge of something
Bobby had perched himself on a tall wooden stool.
[I + on]
if a bird perches on something, it flies down and sits on it
نشیمن گاه پرنده ، چوب زیر پائی، تیر، میل، جایگاه بلند، جای امن ، نشستن ، قرار گرفتن ، فرود آمدن ، درجای بلند قرار دادن .
n. levrek (tatlısu) [zool.], tatlısu levreği, tünek, yüksekteki konum, ölçü sırığı, beş metrelik uzunluk ölçüsü (yaklaşık)
v. tünemek, konmak, oturmak, yerleştirmek
n. perche; branche; position; lieu sûr
v. être perché; être assis sur une branche; atterrir (familier); faire asseoir; mettre debout
e: Bird of pray rescued from Christmas tree perch
mutinous
adj. rebellious, disobedient, given to mutiny
mu·ti·nous /ˈmjuːtɪnəs US -tn-əs/ adj
written showing by your behaviour or appearance that you do not want to obey someone
= rebellious
There was a mutinous look in Rosie’s eyes.
involved in a mutiny
>mutinously adv
یاغی.
adj. asi, isyancı, isyankâr
adj. rebelle; révolté
e: Biden reportedly considers mutinous republicans’ for his economic team
Bolster
n. long ornamental pillow for a bed or sofa, cushion
v. support, strengthen, reinforce
bol·ster1 /ˈbəulstə US ˈboulstər/ v also bolster up [T]
to help someone to feel better and more positive
He is making a bold attempt to bolster the territory’s confidence.
to improve something
his efforts to bolster his career bolster 2
bolster2 n [C]
[Language: Old English;]
a long firm pillow, usually shaped like a tube
بالش، متکا، تیری که بطور عمودی زیرپایه گذارده شود، بابالش نگهداشتن ، پشتی کردن ، تکیه دادن ، تقویت کردن .
n. uzun yastık, yastık, destek
v. yastıklamak, desteklemek
n. traversin (lit); coussinet; contre-poinçon; lisoir, traverse; sommier
v. soutenir, relever la tête; appuyer; étayer (théorie); rembourrer
e: Rwanda bolsters force in car as rebels held back
exodus
n. mass departure or emigration
ex·o·dus /ˈeksədəs/ n [singular]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Exodus, which describes how the Israelites left Egypt]
a situation in which a lot of people leave a particular place at the same time
exodus of
A massive exodus of doctors is forcing the government to recruit from abroad.
exodus from/to
the exodus from the countryside to the towns in the 19th century
I joined the mass exodus for drinks during the interval.
مهاجرت بنی اسرائیل از مصر به کنعان ، خروج، مهاجرت، مهاجرت دسته جمعی.
n. göç, toplu göç, akın
n. exode, sortie en masse, sortie d’Egypte
e; UK police ordered to stop mass exodus from tier4 London amid x-mass chaos over new covid strain
choir
n. singing group, chorus
choir /kwaɪə US kwaɪr/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: cuer, from Latin chorus; CHORUS1]
a group of people who sing together for other people to listen to
→choral
He joined a church choir at the age of eight.
[usually singular]
the part of a church in which a choir sits during religious ceremonies
دسته سرایندگان ، کر، بصورت دسته جمعی سرود خواندن ، هم سرایان .
n. koro, kilise korosu, koro yeri choir 2
v. koroda şarkı söylemek
n. choeur
e: intensive care choir aim for Christmas number one
wrangle
. dispute, bickering; obtainment (e.g. through persuasive argument); act of persuading someone to give something
v. persuade; argue; bicker
wran·gle1 /ˈræŋgəl/ n [C]
a long and complicated argument
wrangle over
a bitter wrangle over copyright
wrangle with
He was involved in a long legal wrangle with his employers. wrangle 2
wrangle2 v
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Low German wrangeln ‘to fight, make a disturbance’] [I]
to argue with someone angrily for a long time
wrangle over/about
They are still wrangling over ownership of the house.
wrangle with
The various government departments are wrangling with each other.
داد و بیداد کردن ، مشاجره کردن ، نزاع کردن ، داد و بیداد، مشاجره ، نزاع، گرد آوری وراندن احشام.
n. kavga, tartışma
v. kavga etmek, dalaşmak, tartışmak, birbirini yemek
n. dispute; altercation; dispute avec des cris; séparation
v. se disputer en criant; se faire battre, se battre
e: The two countries fell out in a bitter wrangle over imports
tingle
n. light prickling sensation
v. vibrate; feel a light prickling sensation
tin·gle /ˈtɪŋgəl/ v [I]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: tinkle]
if a part of your body tingles, you feel a slight stinging feeling, especially on your skin
My body tingled all over and I had a terrible headache.
tingling feeling/sensation
Graham felt a tingling sensation in his hand.
tingle with excitement/fear/anticipation etc
to feel excitement, fear etc very strongly
She tingled with excitement. Soon she would be able to tell Martha everything.
>tingle n [C]
صدا (کردن )، طنین (انداختن )، حس خارش، سوزش کردن ، حس خارش یاسوزش داشتن ، صدا.
n. sızlama, karıncalanma, telaş, heyecan
v. sızlamak, çınlamak, karıncalanmak
n. picotement, fourmillement; légère sensation de picotement
v. tinter, frémir, vibrer; sentir une légère sensation de picotement
e: i feel a tingle
exfoliate
v. remove in layers, peel off in thin sections; shed in layers; flake off (such as dead skin)
ex·fo·li·ate /eksˈfəulieɪt US -ˈfou-/ v [I and T]
to remove dead cells from your skin in order to make it smoother
>exfoliation /eksˌfəuliˈeɪʃən US -ˌfou-/ n [U]
ورقه ورقه شدن ، پوسته پوسته شدن ، تراشیدن .
v. pul pul dökülmek, pul pul dökmek
v. exfolier; chuter (perte de cheveux); renouveler la peau
e: take ur shoes off and exfoliate
flunk
v. fail (a test, course, etc.); give up; drop out of school; give a student a failing grade student
flunk /flʌŋk/ v informal especially AmE
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Perhaps from flinch + funk ‘to be afraid (of)’ (18-21 centuries); FUNK2]
[I and T]
to fail a test
Tony flunked chemistry last semester.
[T]
to give someone low marks on a test so that they fail it
= fail
She hadn’t done the work so I flunked her.
flunk out phr v
to be forced to leave a school or college because your work is not good enough
flunk out of
Ben messed around and flunked out of college.
شکست، ( ز. ع. - آمر. ) شکست خوردن ( در امتحانات )، چیدن ، موجب شکست شدن .
v. başarısız olmak, kalmak, çakmak, sınıfta bırakmak, okuldan almak (başarısızlıktan) flunk 2
n. kalma, başarısız olma, sınıfta kalma
v. échouer (à un examen etc.); se soumettre; abandonner (ses études); faire trébucher (en examen etc.)
e: he couldnt flunk me
e: tell them to get some flunkies in here for this job
vestige
n. sign, mark, trace; remnant; undeveloped remains of a body part or an organ that was healthy and functional in a previous stage of development (Biology)
ves·tige /ˈvestɪdʒ/ n [C] formal
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Latin vestigium ‘footprint, track’]
a small part or amount of something that remains when most of it no longer exists
= trace vestige of
The new law removed the last vestiges of royal power.
the smallest possible amount of a quality or feeling
vestige of
There’s not a vestige of truth in the story.
(vestigial) نشان ، اثر، جای پا، ردیا، ذره ، خرده ، بقایا.
n. iz, eser, zerre, dumura uğrayan organın kalıntısı
n. vestige; signe, trace, marque; reste
discern
v. distinguish, perceive, recognize, discriminate
di·scern /dɪˈsəːn US -əːrn/ v [T not in progressive] formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: discernere ‘to separate’, from cernere ‘to sift’]
to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully
discern what/where/why etc
Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was.
to be able to see something by looking carefully
= perceive
We could just discern a town in the distance.
>discernible adj
>discernibly adv
تشخیص دادن ، تمیز دادن .
v. farketmek, farkına varmak, ayırdetmek, sezmek, anlamak, kavramak
v. distinguer, discerner, voir
e: is there a discernible point to this story?
ongoing
n. progress; continuing process
adj. continuous; existing; in progress
on·go·ing /ˈɔnˌgəuɪŋ US ˈɑːnˌgouɪŋ, ˈɔːn-/ adj
continuing, or continuing to develop
their ongoing search for a new director
ongoing negotiations
The discussions are still ongoing.
→go on at go 1
درحال پیشرفت، مداوم.
n. avancée; imminence
adj. continu, se produisant, se maintenant
e: my involvement in this is ongoing
accomplice
n. partner in crime
ac·com·plice /əˈkʌmplɪs US əˈkɑːm-, əˈkʌm-/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from a complice, mistaken for acomplice; complice ‘accomplice’ (15-19 centuries) from Old French, from Late Latin complex, from Latin complicare ( COMPLICATE)]
a person who helps someone such as a criminal to do something wrong
همدست، (حق. ) شریک یا معاون جرم.
n. suç ortağı
n. complice
e: Danny is an accomplice
sublime
adj. exalted, noble, lofty; wonderful, splendid; inspiring wonder or awe
n. something exalted, noble; inspiring wonder or awe
v. cause to be sublime, raise, lift up; sublimate, transform a solid directly into a gas or a gas directly into a solid (Chemistry)
syn.: distinguished eloquent exalted grand great lofty majestic noble prominent
sub·lime1 /səˈblaɪm/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: sublimis ‘raised above the ordinary’, from limen ‘doorstep, threshold’]
something that is sublime is so good or beautiful that it affects you deeply
The view was sublime.
Her songs are a sublime fusion of pop and Brazilian music.
used to describe feelings or behaviour that are very great or extreme, especially when someone seems not to notice what is happening around them
an air of sublime contentment
>sublimely adv
>sublimeness n [U]
>sublimity /səˈblɪmɪti/ n [U] sublime 2
sublime2 n
the sublime
something that is so good or beautiful that you are deeply affected by it
The works on display range from the mainstream to the sublime.
from the sublime to the ridiculous
used to say that a serious and important thing or event is being followed by something very silly, unimportant, or bad
برین ، والا، رفیع، بلند پایه ، عرشی.
adj. yüce, ulu, asil, görkemli, büyük, olağanüstü, son derece
v. süblimleştirmek, yüceltmek, bilinçaltındaki güdülerini iyiye yöneltmek, süblimleşmek, yücelmek, yükselmek, ulvileşmek
adj. sublime, exalté, splendide, extraordinaire
n. sublimation
v. sublimer, élever; affiner; transformer un solide en gaz
e: You were sublime
ration
n. portion, allotment, allocated quantity; single serving of food, individual portion
v. allot, allocate, distribute in fixed quantities
ra·tion1 /ˈræʃən US ˈræ-, ˈreɪ-/ n
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Latin ratio; RATIO]
[U and C]
a fixed amount of something that people are allowed to have when there is not enough, for example during a war
food/clothes/meat etc ration
the weekly meat ration
a coal ration of 4 kg a month
on ration
Even wool was on ration in the war.
rations [plural]
a fixed amount of food given to a soldier or member of a group
emergency food rations
The prisoners were queuing for their meagre rations (=small rations) .
We were on short rations (=given a smaller amount than usual) .
[singular]
an amount of something that you think is reasonable or normal
ration of
holidaymakers who like a generous ration of open-air activity ration 2
ration2 v [T]
[usually passive]
to control the supply of something because there is not enough
Fuel was rationed during the war.
to allow someone only a small amount of something
the need to ration health care resources
diets which ration fat
ration sb/sth to sth
He rationed himself to 4 cigarettes a day.
I try to ration the children’s television viewing to an hour a day.
نظ. ) جیره ، مقدار جیره روزانه ، سهم، خارج قسمت، سهمیه ، سهم دادن ، جیره بندی کردن .
n. istihkak, yiyecek payı, tayın
v. karne ile vermek, tayına bağlamak
n. ration (ration alimentaire ), part
v. rationner
e: because of Corona some shops began rationing the sales of certain products to avoid them selling out completely.
thwart
thwart /θwɔːt US θwɔːrt/ v [T] formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: thwart ‘across’ (13-19 centuries), from Old Norse thvert]
to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do
Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans.
thwarted ambition
بی نتیجه گذاردن ، خنثی کردن ، حائل کردن ، عقیم گذاردن ، مخالفت کردن با، انسداداریب، کج، در سرتاسر ( چیزی ) ادامه دادن یا کشیدن .
n. sandalın oturak tahtası
v. yaptırmamak, bozmak, engel olmak, önlemek
adj. aykırı, çapraz
n. frustration, prévention; siège de commande d’un bateau
v. contrarier, déjouer
adj. oblique; diagonal
e: Iraqi prime minister: Soleimani was killed after he thwarted US plans to change regions identity
purport
n. intention, purpose; meaning, significance
v. intend, plan; claim, profess; claim falsely, pretend
pur·port1 /pəːˈpɔːt US pəːrˈpɔːrt/ v [I and T]
formal to claim to be or do something, even if this is not true
purport to do sth
Two undercover officers purporting to be dealers infiltrated the gang.
be purported to be sth
The document is purported to be 300 years old.
>purportedly adv
a portrait purportedly of Shakespeare purport 2
pur·port2 /ˈpəːpɔːt, -pət US ˈpəːrpɔːrt/ n [U]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: purporter ‘to contain’, from Old French, from porter ‘to carry’]
formal the general meaning of what someone says
معنی : ادعا، قصد، مفهوم، مفاد، مفهوم شدن معانی دیگر: (معنی) رساندن، (معمولا دروغی) ادعا کردن، مدعی شدن، به خود بستن، (ظاهرا) بودن
i., f. mana, kavram, mefhum, meal; f. manasında olmak, göstermek, bildirmek.
n. intention, portée, force, signification
v. avoir l’intention; prétendre, clamer
e; Pentagon recalls USS Nimitz amid high tensions in Mideast over purported Iranian” threat of revenge”
repository
n. storeroom, warehouse; plentiful source, wellspring; archive, museum, location where valuable documents or artwork is stored; sepulcher, tomb
re·pos·i·to·ry /rɪˈpɔzɪtəri US rɪˈpɑːzɪtɔːri/ n plural repositories [C] formal
a place or container in which large quantities of something are stored
= store repository of/for
a fire-proof repository for government papers
a person or book that has a lot of information
repository of/for
Bob is a repository of football statistics.
انبار، مخزن ، صندوق تابوت، ظرف، رازدار.
n. depo, ambar, mahzen, zengin kaynak, dolap, kutu, muhafaza, sırdaş
n. dépôt; entrepôt; hangar; archives; musée; salle des archives, tombeau, sépulture
e; repositories of unique historical objects
