Ielts-5

Question 1

Plump

Answer 1

n. loud fall, loud crash; blow, stroke, hit
v. fatten up; fluff, make plump
adj. chubby; full-figured; fattened; frank, sincere
adv. with a loud noise, with a thump
plump1 /plʌmp/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: plomp ‘dull, not sharp’]
slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way - used especially about women or children, often to avoid saying the word fat
　The nurse was a cheerful plump woman.
　The baby’s nice and plump.
see usage note fat 1
round and full in a way that looks attractive
　plump, soft pillows
　plump juicy tomatoes
>plumpness n [U] plump 2
plump2 v
[Sense: 1,4; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: PLUMP1]
[Sense: 2-3,5; Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Copying the action]
also plump up [T]
to make cushions, pillows etc rounder and softer by shaking or hitting them
plump (yourself) down
to sit down suddenly and heavily
= plonk
[T always + adverb/preposition]
to put something down suddenly and carelessly
= plonk
　Plump the bags down anywhere you like.
also plump up [I and T]
if dried fruit plumps up, or if you plump it up, it becomes fatter and softer when in liquid
　Soak the apricots and raisins until the fruit plumps up.
plump for / [plump for sth/sb] phr v
to choose something or someone after thinking carefully about it
　Finally we plumped for a bottle of champagne.
گوشتالو، فربه ، چاق وچله ، فربه ساختن ، گوشتالو کردن ، چاق شدن ، صدای تلپ تلپ، محکم افتادن یا افکندن .
interj. pat, küt, cumburlop plump 2 [plʌmp]
n. patırtı, gümbürtü, düşme sesi
v. tombullaşmak, şişmanlatmak, semirtmek, küt diye düşmek, pat diye oturmak, küt diye bırakmak, pat diye söylemek
adj. dolgun, etli, tıknaz, tombul, etine dolgun, patavatsız, dobra, açık sözlü
adv. pat diye, küt diye, birden, patavatsızca, açıkça
n. gras, dodu,potelé
v. engraisser; arrondir
adj. dodu, potelé; grassouillet; engraissé
adv. avec un bruit lourd

Question 2

rear

Answer 2

n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.)
v. raise, bring up; erect, construct; raise, lift, elevate; rise onto the hind legs
adj. back, hind
rear1 /rɪə US rɪr/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from rear- (in words such as rearguard)]
formal the rear
the back part of an object, vehicle, or building, or a position at the back of an object or area
≠ front at/to the rear (of sth)
　a garden at the rear of the house
　The hotel overlooks the river to the rear.
in the rear (of sth)
　a passenger travelling in the rear of a car
[C] also rear end
informal the part of your body which you sit on
= bottom
bring up the rear
to be at the back of a line of people or in a race
　Carole was left to bring up the rear. rear 2
rear2 v
[Language: Old English; Origin: rAran]
[T]
to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown
= raise
　It’s a good place to rear young children.
　The birds have been successfully reared in captivity.
also rear up [I]
if an animal rears, it rises up to stand on its back legs
→buck
　The horse reared and threw me off.
also rear up [I]
if something rears up, it appears in front of you and often seems to be leaning over you in a threatening way
　A large rock, almost 200 feet high, reared up in front of them.
be reared on sth
to be given a particular kind of food, books, entertainment etc regularly while you are a child
　children reared on TV and video games
rear its ugly head
if a problem or difficult situation rears its ugly head, it appears and is impossible to ignore
　The problem of drug-taking in sport has reared its ugly head again. rear 3
rear3 adj [only before noun]
at or near the back of something, especially a vehicle
≠ front
　the rear door of the car
　Knock at the rear entrance.
n. arka, geri, arka taraf, ters taraf, geri plân, kıç, popo, tuvalet
v. yetiştirmek, büyütmek, kaldırmak, yukarı kaldırmak, dikmek, inşa etmek, şahlanmak, yükseltmek
adj. arka, geri, arkadaki, art
n. arrière, derrière; dos; queue; fesses, derrière
v. construire; ériger; se dresser, se cabrer (cheval); relever; élever; cultiver; soulever
adj. arrière, derrière

Question 3

utmost

Answer 3

n. greatest degree or amount, extreme limit, most possible
adj. supreme; highest, greatest, most; extreme; farthest
ut·most1 /ˈʌtməust US -moust/ adj also uttermost
[Language: Old English; Origin: utmAst ‘farthest out’, from ut ‘out’]
the utmost importance/respect/care etc
the greatest possible importance etc
　a matter of the utmost importance
　I’ve got the utmost respect for her accomplishments.
　Baldwin treated the matter with the utmost seriousness. utmost 2
utmost2 n [singular]
the most that can be done
to the utmost
　Both runners had pushed themselves to the utmost.
　The medical staff did their utmost (=tried as hard as they could) to save the patient’s life.
بیشترین ، منتهای کوشش، حداکثر، دورترین .
n. son derece, son nokta, elinden gelen çaba
adj. en uzak, en son, en fazla, en yüksek, son derece, olanca
n. le plus possible; au suprême degré
adj. supérieur; extrême; dernier; le plus grand

Question 4

by and large

Answer 4

generally, usually

Question 5

affectionate

Answer 5

adj. loving, full of affection
showing in a gentle way that you love someone and care about them
= loving affectionate towards
　Jo is very affectionate towards her.
　an affectionate hug
>affectionately adv
adj. sevecen, şefkâtli, müşfik, seven, sevgi gösteren
adj. affectueux, aimant

Question 6

cuddle

Answer 6

n. caress; hug, embrace
v. hug closely, fondle, snuggle together
cud·dle1 /ˈkʌdl/ v [I and T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from cull, coll ‘to hug’ (14-18 centuries), from Old French coler, from col ‘neck’]
to hold someone or something very close to you with your arms around them, especially to show that you love them
→hug
　Dawn and her boyfriend were cuddling on the sofa.
cuddle up phr v
to lie or sit very close to someone or something
cuddle up to/together
　The children cuddled up to each other for warmth. cuddle 2
cuddle2 n [singular]
an act of cuddling someone
→hug
　Come over here and let me give you a cuddle .
درآغوش گرفتن ، نوازش کردن ، در بستر راحت غنودن .
n. kucaklama, sarılma, sarılıp yatma
v. kucaklamak, sarılmak
n. caresse; embrassade; étreinte
v. serrer quelqu’un dans ses bras; caresser; se blottir, se pelotonner

Question 7

abominable

Answer 7

adj. despicable; horrible; disgraceful
a·bom·i·na·ble /əˈbɔmɪnəbəl, -mənə- US əˈbɑː-/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin abominabilis, from abominari ‘to treat as a bad omen, abominate’, from ab- ‘away’ + omen ( OMEN)]
extremely unpleasant or of very bad quality
= terrible
　abominable cruelty
>abominably adv
　Mavis behaved abominably.
مکروه ، زشت، ناپسند، منفور.
adj. iğrenç, berbat, tiksindirici
adj. abominable
e: It makes collection easier and lessens the abominable rotten-trash smell

Question 8

build-up

Answer 8

v. construct, build (something new); publicize, advertise, bring to the attention of the public, promote; intensify, strengthen, increase
build-up
n. gradual increase, increasing accumulation; act of building up an accumulation, accretion; promotion, advertising, publicity
‘build-up
n [C usually singular]
an increase over a period of time
build-up of
　a heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway
a description of someone or something before an event in which you say they are very special or important
　The presenter gave her a big build-up .
the length of time spent preparing an event
　I was running 20 miles a week in my build-up for the race.
بالا بردن توان رزمى نيروها،نيروى کمکى تقويت نيروها،جمع کردن ذخاير
علوم نظامى : پر کردن انبار
v. kurmak, kuvvetlendirmek, artırmak, geliştirmek, övmek, göklere çıkarmak
v. fonder, construire, réhausser, réparer; affermir; développer; accumuler

Question 9

cleanse

Answer 9

v. wash, remove dirt
cleanse /klenz/ v [T]
to make something completely clean
　Use a piece of gauze to cleanse the cut.
　The water is cleansed and reused.
to remove everything that is bad or immoral from a person’s character, an organization, or a place - used especially in news reports
cleanse sb/sth of sth
　The mayor was elected on a promise to cleanse the city government of corruption.
→ ethnic cleansing
پاک کردن ، تمیز کردن (بمعانی.vi and .vt clean مراجعه شود)، تطهیرکردن ، تبرئه کردن .
v. temizlemek, arındırmak, iyileştirmek, tedavi etmek
v. nettoyer

Question 10

creek

Answer 10

n. stream, brook; cove, inlet
creek /kriːk/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old Norse; Origin: kriki ‘bend’]
AmE AusE a small narrow stream or river
BrE a long narrow area of water that flows from the sea into the land
be up the creek (without a paddle)
spoken also be up shit creek (without a paddle) not polite
to be in a very difficult situation
　If I don’t get my passport by Friday, I’ll be up the creek.
نهر.
n. dere; çay; koy; küçük körfez
n. crique, ruisseau; petite vallée

Question 11

prone

Answer 11

adj. tending, apt, disposed; lying with the face down, prostrate
prone /prəun US proun/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: pronus]
likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful
prone to
　Some plants are very prone to disease.
prone to do sth
　Kids are all prone to eat junk food.
accident-prone/injury-prone etc
　He’s always been accident-prone.
formal lying down with the front of your body facing down
= prostrate
　His eyes shifted to the prone body on the floor.
>proneness n [U]
>prone adv
　Jack lay prone on his bed.
متمایل، مستعد، مهیا، درازکش، دمر.
adj. yüzükoyun, başaşağı, yokuş aşağı, eğimli, meyilli, yatkın
adj. enclin, porté à; couché sur le ventre

Question 12

plod

Answer 12

n. slow walk, labored walk
v. walk laboriously, walk heavily, trudge; work hard, persist in a task
plod /plɔd US plɑːd/ v past tense and past participle plodded present participle plodding
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: From the sound or the action]
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to walk along slowly, especially when this is difficult
plod through/up/across etc
　The horse plodded up the hill.
plod on/along/back
　Jake kept plodding on.
plod on/along phr v
to work slowly or make slow progress, especially in a way that is boring
　For years he had plodded along in a series of boring office jobs.
آهسته ومحکم حرکت کردن ، صدای پا، زحمت کشیدن ، با زحمت کاری را انجام دادن .
v. ağır ilerlemek, ağır yürümek, zahmetle ve gayretle başarıya ulaşmak
n. marche pénible, marche lente
v. marcher lourdement; exténuer, opprimer

Question 13

mandate

Answer 13

n. command, order; authorization granted from one body to a subordinate body; commission granted to a country to administer the affairs of a territory; mandated territory; order from a superior court to a lower court
v. grant a country the right to administer a territory; issue a command, make an official order
man·date1 /ˈmændeɪt/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: mandatum, from mandare ‘to give into someone’s hand, command’, from manus ‘hand’ + dare ‘to give’]
[C]
if a government or official has a mandate to make important decisions, they have the authority to make the decisions because they have been elected by the people to do so
mandate to do sth
　The President was elected with a clear mandate to tackle violent crime.
mandate for
　a popular mandate for election reform
mandate from
　I sought a mandate from my constituents to oppose this tax.
have/be given a mandate
　Sometimes a President thinks he has more of a mandate than he really does.
[C]
an official instruction given to a person or organization, allowing them to do something
　Matters debated in meetings do not become a mandate automatically.
[U and C]
the power given to one country to govern another country mandate 2
man·date2 /mænˈdeɪt/ v [T]
formal to tell someone that they must do a particular thing
　These measures were mandated by the IMF.
mandate that
　Justice mandates that we should treat all candidates equally.
[usually passive]
to give someone the right or power to do something
　The committee was mandated to co-ordinate measures to help Poland.
وکالت نامه ، قیمومت، حکم، فرمان ، تعهد، اختیار.
n. manda, emir, vekâlet
v. manda altına almak
n. procuration; autorisation; autorisation de contrôler une terre conquise; mandat
v. mandater; contrôler sous mandat

Question 14

concomitant

Answer 14

adj. accompanying, concurrent, attendant, occurring together, belonging together
con·com·i·tant1 /kənˈkɔmɪtənt US -ˈkɑː-/ adj formal
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of concomitari ‘to go along with’, from comes ‘companion’]
existing or happening together, especially as a result of something
　war with all its concomitant sufferings
>concomitantly adv concomitant 2
concomitant2 n [C] formal
something that often or naturally happens with something else
concomitant of
　Deafness is a frequent concomitant of old age.
همراه ، ملازم، پیوسته .
adj. eşlik eden, beraberindeki concomitant 2
n. beraberinde gelen şey, doğal sonuç, olacağı
adj. concomitant

Question 15

assimilate

Answer 15

v. incorporate, take in, absorb; adopt the cultural characteristics of another group
as·sim·i·late /əˈsɪmɪleɪt/ v
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: , past participle of assimilare, from Latin assimulare ‘to make similar’, from ad- ‘to’ + simulare ( SIMULATE)]
[T]
to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc
= absorb
　It will take time to assimilate all these facts.
[I and T]
if people assimilate or are assimilated into a country or group, they become part of that group and are accepted by the people in that group
assimilate into
　Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community.
as·sim·i·la·tion /əˌsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/ n
[U + of]
the process of understanding and using new ideas
[U + into]
the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group
n. asimilasyon, özümseme, özümleme, sindirim; benzeyiş, benzeşme
n. assimilation, absorption; intégration
e: reading is the assimilation of printed information
یکسان کردن ، هم جنس کردن ، شبیه ساختن ، در بدن جذب کردن ، تحلیل رفتن ، سازش کردن ، وفق دادن ، تلفیق کردن ، همانند ساختن .
v. özümlemek, sindirmek, özümsemek, benimsemek, özümsenmek, benimsenmek; benzetmek
v. assimiler; imprégner, absorber; adopter les caractéristiques culturelles d’un autre groupe ethnique, s’assimiler

Question 16

cauterize

Answer 16

v. burn, burn with a hot iron, sear; make callous; (Medicine) treat by cauterization; stop bleeding by applying heat (also cauterise)
cau·ter·ize
also cauterise BrE /ˈkɔːtəraɪz US ˈkɔː-/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: cautériser, from Latin, from cauterium ‘cauterizing tool’, from Greek, from kaiein; CAUSTIC]
medical to treat a wound or a growth on your body by burning it with hot metal, a laser, or a chemical
داغ کردن ، داغ زدن ، سوزاندن .
v. dağlamak, yakmak
v. cautériser, brûler avec un cautère (agent chimique utilisé pour détruire un tissu)

Question 17

truncate

Answer 17

v. shorten, cut short
trun·cate /trʌŋˈkeɪt US ˈtrʌŋkeɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of truncare, from truncus; TRUNK]
formal to make something shorter
= shorten
　If the list is too long, it will be truncated by the computer.
　The report is also available in a truncated version.
>truncation /trʌŋˈkeɪʃən/ n [U]
بریدن ، کوتاه کردن .بی سر کردن ، شاخه زدن ، ناقص کردن .
adj. tepesi kesik, ucu kesik truncate 2 [trun·cate || trʌŋ’keɪt]
v. ucunu kesmek, tepesini kesmek, budamak, kesmek (bilgisayar)
v. tronquer

Question 18

reign

Answer 18

n. rule, government; period of rule, period of time that a particular government is in control
v. possess sovereign power, rule, control, govern; predominate, prevail, be widespread\
reign1 /reɪn/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: regne, from Latin regnum, from rex ‘king’]
the period when someone is king, queen, or emperor
reign of
　changes that took place during Charlemagne’s reign
　the reign of James I
the period when someone is in charge of an organization, team etc
　during his reign at the Education Department
a period during which something is the most powerful or most important feature of a place
reign of
　the reign of Stalinism in Russia
reign of terror
a period when a ruler or a government kills many of their political opponents reign 2
reign2 v [I]
to rule a nation or group of nations as their king, queen, or emperor
　George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952.
reign over
　Pharaohs reigned over Egypt for centuries.
literary if a feeling or quality reigns, it exists strongly for a period of time
　For several minutes confusion reigned .
　 Silence reigned while we waited for news.
reigning champion
the most recent winner of a competition
　Can he defeat the reigning Wimbledon champion?
reign supreme
if someone or something reigns supreme, they are the most important part of a situation or time
　It was a time when romance reigned supreme.
سلطنت، حکمرانی، حکومت، حکمفرمائی، سلطنت یا حکمرانی کردن ، حکمفرما بودن .
n. hükümdarlık, saltanat, saltanat dönemi, egemenlik
v. hüküm sürmek, saltanat sürmek, egemen olmak
n. loi, gouvernement; règne; période de règne
v. dominer, gouverner, régner; contrôler

Question 19

avert

Answer 19

v. prevent, avoid; turn away
a·vert /əˈvəːt US -əːrt/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: avertir, from Latin avertere, from ad- ‘to’ + vertere ‘to turn’]
to prevent something unpleasant from happening
　The tragedy could have been averted if the crew had followed safety procedures.
avert your eyes/gaze etc
to look away from something so that you do not see it
　Henry averted his eyes as she undressed.
برگرداندن ، گردانیدن ، دفع کردن ، گذراندن ، بیزار کردن ، بیگانه کردن ، منحرف کردن .
v. çevirmek, başka tarafa çevirmek; önlemek, gidermek
v. éviter, détourner; prévenir, avertir, empêcher; échapper à; esquiver; s’éloigner

Question 20

stagger

Answer 20

n. reeling or tottering movement; staggered arrangement, zigzag formation
v. totter, waver, sway, wobble; astound, overwhelm; arrange in a zigzag pattern; arrange in a series of alternating intervals, schedule in different time periods
stag·ger1 /ˈstægə US -ər/ v
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: stacker ‘to stagger’ (13-19 centuries), from Old Norse stakra, from staka ‘to push’]
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to walk or move unsteadily, almost falling over
= stumble
　He managed to stagger home.
　She staggered back a step.
　The old man staggered drunkenly to his feet.
[T]
to make someone feel very surprised or shocked
= amaze
　What staggered us was the sheer size of her salary.
[I] also stagger on
to continue doing something when you seem to be going to fail and you do not know what will happen
　He staggered on for another two years.
stagger from sth to sth
　The company staggered from one crisis to the next.
[T]
to arrange people’s working hours, holidays etc so that they do not all begin and end at the same time
　Jim and his wife stagger their work hours so one of them can be at home with the kids.
[T]
to start a race with each runner at a different place on a curved track stagger 2
stagger2 n [C usually singular]
an unsteady movement of someone who is having difficulty in walking
تلوتلو خوردن ، یله رفتن ، لنگیدن ، گیج خوردن ، بتناوب کار کردن ، متناوب، تردیدداشتن .
n. sendeleme, yalpalama, sersemleme, bocalama, çakışmayacak şekilde düzenleme, kulvar farkı
v. derecelendirmek, sendelemek, tökezlemek, yalpalamak, bocalamak, tereddüd etmek, sersemlemek, çakışmayacak şekilde düzenlemek
n. stupéfié, être bouleversé, chancelé
v. chanceler, tituber; stupéfier; bouleverser; étaler; échelonner

Question 21

permute

Answer 21

v. switch, exchange; change order, rearrange in a new order
Pronunciation: pər-‘myüt
Function: transitive verb
Inflected Form: per·mut·ed ; per·mut·ing
Etymology: Middle English, to exchange, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French permuter, from Latin permutare, from per- + mutare to change ― more at MUTABLE
Date: 1878

: to change the order or arrangement of especially : to arrange in all possible ways
–per·mut·able -‘myü-tə-bəl\ adjective
n: permutation
پس وپیش کردن ، قلب کردن ، تغییر دادن .جایگرداندن .
f. değiş tokuş etmek, mübadele etmek, sırasını değiştirmek. permutable s. değiştirilebilir. permutably z. değiştirilebilecek şekilde.
v. permuter

Question 22

hitherto

Answer 22

adv. until now, thus far
hith·er·to /ˌhɪðəˈtuː US -ər-/ adv formal
up to this time
　a species of fish hitherto unknown in the West
adv. şimdiye kadar, bugüne kadar
adv. jusqu’ici

Question 23

engulf

Answer 23

v. consume, swallow up, overwhelm; submerge, immerse
en·gulf /ɪnˈgʌlf/ v [T]
if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly
　despair so great it threatened to engulf him
to completely surround or cover something
　The building was engulfed in flames .
غرق کردن در، غوطه ورساختن ، توی چیزی فروبردن ، فراگرفتن ، خروشان کردن .
v. içine çekmek, yutmak, dalıp gitmek, yutulmak
v. avaler, engloutir; envoi par le fond
e:rivers have now turned into torrents which threaten to engulf us

Question 24

locomotion

Answer 24

lo·co·mo·tion /ˌləukəˈməuʃən US ˌloukəˈmou-/ n [U] formal or technical
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: locus ( LOCUS) + English motion]
movement or the ability to move
حرکت، جنبش، نقل وانقال نیرو بوسیله حرکت، تحرک ، نقل وانتقال، ( مج. ) مسافرت.
n. hareket, gezi, gezme
n. locomotion, mobilité, transport d’un endroit à l’autre
e: process of locomotion for baby

Question 25

strand

Answer 25

n. fibers or filaments twisted together to form a rope (or thread, yarn, etc.); string of pearls or beads; single fiber or filament; lock of hair; shore, beach, land alongside a body of water v. drive up onto the shore; be driven onto the shore; leave someone in a difficult situation; be stuck in a difficult situation strand /strænd/ n [C] [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Origin unknown] a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair etc strand of 　He reached out and brushed a strand of hair away from her face. one of the parts of a story, idea, plan etc strand of thought/opinion/argument 　Plato draws all the strands of the argument together. Strand Strand the Strand a famous street in central London where the Savoy Hotel and many theatres are کنار دریا، کنار رود، کرانه ، بندرگاه ، رشته ، لا، لایه ، رودخانه ، مجرا، مسیر، رسیدن ، بصخره خوردن کشتی، تنها گذاشتن ، گیر افتادن ، متروک ماندن ، بهم بافتن وبصورت طناب درآوردن . n. sahil, kıyı, halat bükümü, ip teli, iplik, saç teli, saç tutamı, boncuk dizisi, aşama v. karaya oturtmak, başarısızlığa uğramak, karaya oturmak, bükmek (ip vb.), telini koparmak (kablo vb.) n. tresse, frange (de chevelure ou de ficelle); rive v. échouer; se bloquerhave e: we have been left stranded on the floor

Question 26

tactician

Answer 26

n. method to attain a goal; method of employing forces in combat; planning of small-scale military actions serving a larger strategy adj. pertaining to combat tactics, pertaining to the science of employing forces in combat tac·tic /ˈtæktɪk/ n [C] [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: tactica, from Greek taktika, from tassein 'to arrange, place in battle formation'] a method that you use to achieve something 　a tactic employed to speed up the peace process 　Republicans accuse Democrats of using delaying tactics (=something you do in order to give yourself more time) to prevent a final vote on the bill. 　 Shock tactics are being used in an attempt to stop drink drivers. tactics [plural] the science of arranging and moving military forces in a battle →strong-arm tactics at strong-arm جنگ فن ، رزم شیوه ، جنگ فنی، وابسته به رزم شیوه ، رزم آرا، ماهردرفنون جنگی، تاکتیک یا رزم آرائی. n. tactique, manoeuvre (ensemble des moyens employés pour atteindre un objectif; art de conduire une opération militaire limitée) adj. tactique, relatif à une manière de combats, à une manoeuvre d'action

Question 27

speck

Answer 27

n. small spot, tiny mark; little bit, very small amount; something which appears to be small in size v. mark with small spots, dot, speckle, fleck, stain speck /spek/ n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: specca] a very small mark, spot, or piece of something speck of 　a speck of dust لک ، نقطه ، خال، لکه یا خال میوه ، ذره ، لکه دار کردن ، خالدار کردن . n. benek, nokta, küçük leke, zerre v. benek yapmak, beneklemek, leke yapmak n. tache, point; parcelle, peu, grain v. petite tache, petit point; grain

Question 28

spring up phrv

Answer 28

to suddenly appear or start to exist | 　Fast-food restaurants are springing up all over town.

Question 29

nudge

Answer 29

n. slight push (especially with the elbow); act of gentle persuasion v. push slightly (especially with the elbow); prod to action by gentle pestering; move forward slowly, approach nudge /nʌdʒ/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Perhaps from a Scandinavian language] [T] to push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to get their attention 　Jill nudged him in the ribs. [T always + adverb/preposition] to move something or someone a short distance by gently pushing 　She nudged the glass towards me. 　David nudged me out of the way. [I always + adverb/preposition] to move forward slowly by pushing gently nudge your way to/through etc (sth) 　I started to nudge my way to the front of the crowd. [T always + adverb/preposition] to gently persuade or encourage someone to take a particular decision or action nudge sb into/towards sth 　We're trying to nudge them towards a practical solution. [T] to almost reach a particular level or amount 　Outside the temperature was nudging 30 degrees Celsius. >nudge n [C] 　Hannah gave me a gentle nudge . باآرنج زدن ، سقلمه ، اشاره کردن . n. hafifçe dürtme v. dirseklemek, hafifçe dürtmek, dürtmek, dirsekle dürtmek n. coup de coude v. pousser du coude; jouer des coudes

Question 30

comprise

Answer 30

v. include; be composed of دربرداشتن ، شامل بودن . v. kapsamak, içermek, içine almak, ihtiva etmek; oluşmak v. contenir, inclure, comprendre, comporter

Question 31

dilate

Answer 31

v. expand, become wide; maker wider or larger, cause to expand di·late /daɪˈleɪt/ v [I and T] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: dilater, from Latin latus 'wide'] if a hollow part of your body dilates or if something dilates it, it becomes wider ≠ contract 　dilated pupils >dilation /daɪˈleɪʃən/ n [U] dilate on/upon [dilate on/upon sth] phr v to speak or write a lot about something 　He dilated upon their heroism. تساع دادن ، گشاد کردن ، بزرگ کردن . v. genişletmek, genişlemek, büyütmek, açmak, açıklamak v. dilater, se dilater e: your pupil dilates in dark room

Question 32

hop

Answer 32

n. small jump, short leap; (Internet) one of many nodes in a computer network through which a message in transferred on its way from one point to another; twining vine related to the Mulberry with cone-shaped flowers that are used when dried in the beer-brewing process to give the beer a bitter taste v. make short jumps, leap small distances hop1 /hɔp US hɑːp/ v past tense and past participle hopped present participle hopping -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【jump】 2 3 4 hop a plane/bus/train etc 5 hop it! 6 hopping mad -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Language: Old English; Origin: hoppian] 【JUMP】 [I] to move by jumping on one foot 　The little girl ran off, hopping and skipping as she went. [I] if a bird, an insect, or a small animal hops, it moves by making quick short jumps [I always + adverb/preposition] informal to move somewhere quickly or suddenly 　Hop in - I'll drive you home. 　Patrick hopped out of bed and quickly got dressed. hop a plane/bus/train etc AmE informal to get on a plane, bus, train etc, especially after suddenly deciding to do so 　So we hopped a bus to Phoenix that night. hop it! BrE old-fashioned used to rudely tell someone to go away hopping mad informal very angry = furious hop 2 hop2 n [C] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 catch somebody on the hop 2【jump】 3【plant】 4【flight】 5【dance】 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Sense: 1-2, 4-5; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: HOP1] [Sense: 3; Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: hoppe] catch sb on the hop to do something when someone is not expecting it and is not ready 【JUMP】 a short jump 【PLANT】 a) hops [plural] parts of dried flowers used for making beer, which give the beer a bitter taste b) the tall plant on which these flowers grow 【FLIGHT】 a single short journey by plane 　It's just a short hop from Cleveland to Detroit. 【DANCE】 old-fashioned a social event at which people dance → hip-hop رازک ، ( درجمع ) میوه رازک رازک زدن به ، رازک بار آوردن ، ( درجمع ) آبجو، افیون ، لی لی کردن ، روی یک پاجستن ، جست وخیز کوچک کردن ، رقصیدن ، پرواز دادن ، لنگان لنگان راه رفتن ، پلکیدن . n. sıçrama, zıplama, sekme, atlama, oynama, dans, uçuş, şerbetçiotu, bira katkı maddesi, bira, uyuşturucu v. sekmek, sıçramak, atlamak, zıplamak, hoplamak, oynamak, dans etmek, zıplatmak, hizmet vermek, şerbetçiotu yetiştirmek, şerbetçiotu toplamak n. houblon (botanique); sautillement, saut; (internet) hip, point d'intersection entre ordinateurs en réseau (par lequel est transmis l'information sur réseau) v. sauter, sautiller; houblonner

Question 33

indulge

Answer 33

v. give in to desire; take unrestrained pleasure in, wallow; yield to, satisfy; pamper, spoil; humor in·dulge /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ v [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: indulgere] [I and T] to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you indulge in 　Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. 　Eva had never been one to indulge in self-pity. indulge yourself 　Even if you're dieting, you can indulge yourself (=eat what you want) once in a while. 　Ray has enough money to indulge his taste for expensive wines. [T] to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them 　His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim. [I] to take part in an activity, especially an illegal one indulge in 　Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men. مخالفت نکردن ، مخالف نبودن ، رها ساختن ، افراط کردن (دراستعمال مشروبات و غیره )، زیاده روی کردن ، شوخی کردن ، دل کسی را بدست آوردن ، نرنجاندن . v. memnun etmek, boyun eğmek, hoşgörmek, şımartmak, yüz vermek, izin vermek, haz almak, zevk almak, tutulmak, içmek, sigara içmek v. s'adonner à, se permettre; vouloir; gâter (quelqu'un); renoncer à; s'abandonner à; ne rien se refuser

Question 34

gulp

Answer 34

n. act of gulping; large swallow, large mouthful v. take a large mouthful, swallow a large amount, eat or drink rapidly; gasp, choke; suppress, hold back, choke back gulp1 /gʌlp/ v [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from Middle Dutch gulpen 'to swallow'] also gulp down [T] to swallow large quantities of food or drink quickly = bolt 　She gulped down her breakfast and ran for the bus. [I] to swallow suddenly because you are surprised or nervous 　I gulped when I saw the bill. also gulp in [T] to breathe in large amounts of air quickly 　We rushed outside and gulped in the sweet fresh air. be gulping for air to breathe in large amounts of air quickly because you do not have enough air in your body gulp back [gulp sth⇔back] phr v to stop yourself from expressing your feelings 　Sandra tried to gulp back her tears. قورت، جرعه ، لقمه بزرگ ، بلع، قورت دادن ، فرو بردن ، صدای حاصله از عملبلع. n. yudum, lokma, yutma v. küçük dilini yutmak, yutmak, yutkunmak, bastırmak, içine atmak, boğazı düğümlenmek, soluğu kesilmek n. lampée; un coup de gosier v. avaler; absorber avec avidité; avaler d'un trait

Question 35

hudle

Answer 35

n. small cluster of people or animals; bunch, closely gathered mass; secret conference; group of players gathered to receive playing instructions (Football) v. crowd together, gather together; snuggle; consult together secretly; gather into a group to receive playing instructions (Football) روی هم ریختن ، روی هم انباشتن ، ناقص انجام دادن ، ازدحام کردن ، مخفی کردن ، درهم ریختگی، ازدحام، اجتماع افراد یک تیم، کنفرانس مخفیانه . n. kalabalık, yığın, karışıklık v. sürü gibi toplanmak, bir araya toplamak, toplamak, tıkıştırmak, aceleyle giyinmek n. petit groupe, amas v. entasser pèle-mêle

Question 36

footrest

Answer 36

n. low stool or cushion for the feet, footstool foot·rest /ˈfut-rest/ n [C] something that supports your feet when you are sitting, for example a small piece of furniture or the part of a motorcycle where you put your feet زیر پائی، جاپا. n. ayak dayayacak yer n. repose-pieds

Question 37

sacrosanct

Answer 37

adj. extremely holy, consecrated, inviolable; considered or treated as holy sac·ro·sanct /ˈsækrəusæŋkt US -rou-/ adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: sacrosanctus, probably from sacro sanctus 'made holy by religious ceremonies'] something that is sacrosanct is considered to be so important that no one is allowed to criticize or change it = sacred 　Weekends are sacrosanct in our family. adj. çok kutsal, kutsal, yüce, dokunulmaz adj. sacro-saint (sacré et sain)

Question 38

delve

Answer 38

v. go down deep, explore; seek information delve /delv/ v [I] [Language: Old English; Origin: delfan 'to dig'] to try to find more information about someone or something delve into 　research that delves deeply into this issue [always + adverb/preposition] to search for something by putting your hand deeply into a bag, container etc delve into/in 　He delved into his pocket and brought out a notebook. حفرکردن (زمین )، سوراخ کردن ، گودی، حفره ، کاوش کردن . v. arayıp taramak; altüst ederek aramak

Question 39

ingrain

Answer 39

n. fibers which are dyed before being woven v. dye before being woven (of fiber); embed, fix firmly; instill in the mind or character adj. embedded, firmly fixed; dyed before weaving (of fiber); patterned on both sides (of carpets) نخ رنگی، نخی که قبلا الیاف آن رنگ شده است، خطوط و خالهای رنگارنگ کاغذ دیواری، رنگ ثابت خورده ، نبافته رنگ شده ، دیرنیه . v. ham iken boyamak, içine işletmek, kökleştirmek n. textile teint avant la filature v. enraciner, noyer adj. incrusté; imprimé; peint (tissu); réversible (tapis)

Question 40

utilitarian

Answer 40

n. one who ascribes to utilitarianism, one who maintains that practicality and usefulness is more important beauty or other considerations adj. practical, applicable, useful u·til·i·tar·i·an /juːˌtɪlɪˈteəriən US -ˈter-/ adj formal intended to be useful and practical rather than attractive or comfortable 　ugly utilitarian buildings based on a belief in utilitarianism → materialistic مطلوبیت چیزی بخاطرسودمندی آن ، معتقد باصل اخلاقی سودمند گرائی، سودمندگرا. n. faydacı kimse, yararcıl kimse adj. yararcı, faydacı, çıkarcı, faydalı n. utilitaire adj. utilitaire

Question 41

voracious

Answer 41

adj. ardently enthusiastic about a certain activity; ravenous vo·ra·cious /vəˈreɪʃəs, vɔ- US vɔː-, və-/ adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: vorax, from vorare; DEVOUR] eating or wanting large quantities of food 　Pigs are voracious feeders. 　Kids can have voracious appetites . having an extremely strong desire to do or have a lot of something 　a voracious reader 　Her appetite for information was voracious . >voraciously adv 　Anne has always read voraciously . >voracity /-ˈræsɪti/ n [U] سبع، پرخور، حریص، پرولع، خیلی گرسنه . adj. obur, açgözlü, istekli, hırslı adj. vorace e: voracious reader

Question 42

flaw

Answer 42

n. defect, imperfection; crack; strong gust of wind v. make flaws in; crack; become defective; become cracked flaw /flɔː US flɔː/ n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Old Norse flaga 'flat stone'; FLAG1] a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect = defect flaw in 　a flaw in the software serious/major/basic/minor etc flaw 　a slight flaw in the glass 　A design flaw (=a mistake or weakness in the way something was made) caused the engine to explode. a mistake or problem in an argument, plan, set of ideas etc flaw of 　Beautiful scenery does not make up for the flaws of this film. flaw in 　There is a fundamental flaw in Walton's argument. fatal flaw (=a weakness that makes something certain to fail) a fault in someone's character 　Jealousy is Othello's major flaw. 　the former President's character flaws درز، رخنه ، عیب، خدشه ، عیب دار کردن ، ترک برداشتن ، تند باد، آشوب ناگهانی، کاستی. n. özür, kusur, defo, hata, üretim hatası, noksanlık, çatlak v. çatlatmak, yarmak, sakatlamak, zarar vermek, hasara uğratmak n. défaut, défectuosité, imperfection; fêlure; bourrasque v. tacher d'imperfection, vicier, être vicié e: he was also aware of all the flaws in his work

Question 43

fury

Answer 43

n. öfke, kızgınlık, kızma, hiddet, dargınlık; hırs v. kızdırmak, öfkelendirmek, sinirlendirmek, darıltmak n. anger, wrath; wildness, madness; violence fu·ry /ˈfjuəri US ˈfjuri/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: furie, from Latin furia, from furere; FUROR] [U] extreme, often uncontrolled anger = rage 　I was shaking with fury . 　Jenny stepped forward, her eyes blazing with fury . 　The report was leaked to the press, much to the president's fury. [singular] a feeling of extreme anger 　'Go on then!' shouted Jamie in a fury . 'See if I care!' a fury of sth a state of very busy activity or strong feeling 　She was listening with such a fury of concentration that she did not notice Arthur had left. 　In a fury of frustration and fear Nina bit his hand. like fury informal with great effort or energy 　We went out and played like fury. [U] literary used to describe very bad weather conditions 　At last the fury of the storm lessened. Fury one of the three snake-haired goddesses in ancient Greek stories who punished crime →furious غضب، غیظ، هیجان شدید وتند، خشم، درنده خوئی، روح انتقام، آشوب، اضطراب، شدت. n. , hiddet, sinir, gazap, kızma, çılgınlık, kızgın kadın, kızgınlık, şirret kadın, yılan saçlı tanrıça, yılan saçlı üç tanrıçadan biri n. furie, fureur; déchaînement, acharnement, folie

Question 44

decipher

Answer 44

v. decode; interpret de·ci·pher /dɪˈsaɪfə US -ər/ v [T] to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand →indecipherable 　She studied the envelope, trying to decipher the handwriting. to change a message written in a code into ordinary language so that you can read it = decode >decipherment n [U] کشف رمز نمودن ، کشف کردن .گشودن سر، فاش کردن سر. v. deşifre etmek, çözmek, şifreyi çözmek; yorumlamak v. déchiffrer; décoder; interpréter

Question 45

devour

Answer 45

v. prey upon, tear to pieces; gobble, consume, gorge de·vour /dɪˈvauə US -ˈvaur/ v [T] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: devorer, from Latin vorare 'to swallow'] to eat something quickly because you are very hungry 　The boys devoured their pancakes. to read something quickly and eagerly, or watch something with great interest 　He devoured science fiction books as a teenager. be devoured by sth to be filled with a strong feeling that seems to control you 　Cindy felt devoured by jealousy. literary to destroy someone or something 　Her body had been almost entirely devoured by the disease. to use up all of something 　a job that devours all my energy بلعیدن ، فرو بردن ، حریصانه خوردن . v. oburca yemek, yalayıp yutmak, bir çırpıda bitirmek, yiyip bitirmek; yakıp yok etmek v. dévorer

Question 46

wriggle

Answer 46

n. act of wriggling, instance of moving back and forth as a worm or snake, writhing, squirming; evasion or escape (e.g. from a difficulty) v. twist to and fro, squirm, wiggle, worm; evade (something unpleasant); make wriggle wrig·gle1 /ˈrɪgəl/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from Middle Low German wriggeln] [I] to twist your body from side to side with small quick movements 　Stop wriggling and let me put your T-shirt on. wriggle under/through/into 　He wriggled through the window. 　The dog wriggled free and ran off. [T] to move a part of your body backwards and forwards with small movements 　She took off her shoes and wriggled her toes. >wriggly adj 　a wriggly worm wriggle out of [wriggle out of sth] phr v to avoid doing something by using clever excuses = get out of something 　Don't try to wriggle out of your responsibilities. to take off a tight piece of clothing by twisting your body from side to side 　She wriggled out of her dress. wriggle 2 wriggle2 n [C] a movement in which you twist your body from side to side لولیدن ، طفره زدن ، جنبانیدن ، کرم وار تکان دادن ، لول خوردن ، حرکت کرم وارکردن . n. sallanma, yalpalama, çalkalama v. kıvrılmak, kıvranmak, kıpırdanmak, kıpırdatmak, oynatmak, kımıldatmak, sıyrılmak, çaktırmadan halletmek n. tortillement; s'éloigner v. se tortiller; frétiller; s'agiter; (échapper) à un problème; tergiverser

Question 47

utterly

Answer 47

adv. thoroughly, entirely, completely, totally ut·ter·ly /ˈʌtəli US -ər-/ adv [+ adjective/adverb] completely or totally 　You look utterly miserable. utter مطلقا، کاملا، بکلی. adv. tamamen, düpedüz, bütün bütün, sapına kadar adv. complètement, absolument; extrême

Question 48

untapped

Answer 48

adj. not tapped, unpumped; unutilized, not taken advantage of un·tapped /ˌʌnˈtæpt/ adj an untapped supply, market, or talent is available but has not yet been used 　Older people are an untapped resource in the employment market. 　We believe there is untapped potential. adj. delinmemiş (fıçı), tıpası çıkarılmamış, kullanılmayan adj. inexploité e: utilize the vast untapped potential of his ...

Question 49

shackle

Answer 49

n. metal ring used to fasten the hands or ankles, fetter, manacle, handcuff v. bind someone's hand or ankles with handcuffs, fetter, manacle shack·le1 /ˈʃækəl/ n [C] the shackles of sth literary the limits put on your freedom and happiness by something, especially a particular form of government - used to show disapproval 　They finally managed to throw off the shackles of communism. one of a pair of metal rings joined by a chain that are used for fastening together a prisoner's hands or feet, so that they cannot move easily or escape → handcuffs shackle 2 shackle2 v [T] [Language: Old English; Origin: sceacul (singular)] to put many limits on what someone can do - used to show disapproval 　Industrial progress is being shackled by a mass of regulations. to put shackles on someone 　He was blindfolded and shackled to a radiator. پابند، دستبند، قید، مانع، پابند زدن . n. zincir, kelepçe, köstek, zincir baklası, palamar ağzı v. zincirlemek, kelepçelemek, zincire vurmak, köstek olmak, elini kolunu bağlamak, engel olmak n. chaînes, câble v. enchaîner, entraver e: their brain shackled just to the tunnel vision

Question 50

scout

Answer 50

n. soldier or vehicle used in reconnoitering; instance or gathering information; member of the Boy or Girl Scouts; one who discovers new talent; servant for a student at Oxford University v. reconnoiter, gather information; serve on a reconnaissance patrol; search; examine, inspect; reject with scorn scout1 /skaut/ n [C] a) the Scouts an organization for boys that teaches them practical skills b) also boy scout a boy who is a member of this organization AmE also Girl Scout a girl who is a member of an organization for girls that teaches them practical things British Equivalent: guide a soldier, plane etc that is sent to search the area in front of an army and get information about the enemy 　He sent three scouts ahead to take a look at the bridge. also talent scout someone whose job is to look for good sports players, musicians etc in order to employ them 　He was spotted by a scout at the age of 13. scout 2 scout2 v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: escouter 'to listen', from Latin auscultare] [I] also scout around/round to look for something in a particular area scout for 　I'm scouting round for a place to stay. [T] also scout out to examine a place or area in order to get information about it 　American companies are keen to scout out business opportunities in Vietnam. [I and T] to find out about the abilities of sports players, musicians etc in order to employ them پیش آهنگ ، پیشاهنگی کردن ، دیده بانی کردن ، عملیات اکتشافی کردن پوئیدن ، دیده بان ، مامور اکتشاف. . izci, öncü birlik, keşif eri, keşif gemisi, hademe (üniv.), yetenek avcısı, yetenekleri keşfeden kimse v. keşfe çıkmak, keşif yapmak, keşfetmek, tepmek, reddetmek n. éclaireur, avant-coureur (Militaire); scout, éclaireur; guide, éclaireuse; dépanneur (Auto); avion de reconnaissance v. aller en reconnaissance (Militaire); chercher des informations; surveiller, chercher, examiner, inspecter e: like a reconnaissance scout for unknown territories

Question 51

bosh

Answer 51

n. nonsense interj. nonsense bosh /bɔʃ US bɑːʃ/ n [U] especially BrE old-fashioned [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Turkish; Origin: bos 'empty, useless'] something that you think is silly, not good, or not true 　He thinks modern art is bosh. >bosh interjection حرف توخالی، مهمل، حقه بازی، (ز. ع. ) چرند. n. saçmalık, zırva, boş lâf n. bêtise, sottise, blague, baliverne, chose sans importance interj. foutaises!, sottises!

Question 52

twaddle

Answer 52

n. worthless or tedious talk or writing, prattle, chatter v. babble, utter twaddle twad·dle /ˈtwɔdl US ˈtwɑːdl/ n [U] [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Probably from twattle 'empty talk' (17-19 centuries)] informal something that someone has said or written that you think is stupid = nonsense 　I don't believe in all that twaddle about fate. چرند گفتن ، سخن بی معنی. n. saçmalık, zırva, geveze tip v. saçmalamak, saçma sapan konuşmak, zırvalamak n. balivernes; papotages v. baliverner, raconter des balivernes e; simply skip bosh and twaddle

Question 53

swift

Answer 53

n. any of a number of long-winged birds characterized by their swift flight adj. fast, quick; immediate, hasty; prompt; smart, clever (Informal) swift1 /swɪft/ adj [Language: Old English;] happening or done quickly and immediately 　My letter received a swift reply. 　She shot a swift glance at Paul. swift to do sth 　They were swift to deny the accusations. [only before noun] moving, or able to move, very fast 　a swift runner 　She wiped her tears away in one swift movement. sb is not too swift AmE spoken used to say that someone is not very intelligent >swiftly adv 　Alice dressed swiftly. >swiftness n [U] swift 2 swift2 n [C] a small brown bird that has pointed wings, flies very fast, and is similar to a swallow سریع، چابک ، تندرو، فرز، باسرعت. n. kara sağan (kuş), ebabil adj. çevik, hızlı, süratli, çabuk geçen, çabuk, tez canlı, eli çabuk n. martinet (oiseau) adj. rapide; immédiat; subit, prompt The swallow skims swiftly through the air

Question 54

womb

Answer 54

n. uterus; female cavity; place where something is generated; interior of anything; place of security, place which provids protection and shelter; belly (Archaic) womb /wuːm/ n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: wamb, womb] the part of a woman's or female animal's body where her baby grows before it is born = uterus آبسته ، زهدان ، بچه دان ، رحم، شکم، بطن ، پروردن . n. rahim, dölyatağı, kaynak, köken n. utérus, organe de la gestation dans lequel se développe l'oeuf fécondé; matrice; organe interne de la femme où a lieu la conception; ventre, estomac; cavité, intérieur de qqch; endroit sûr, lieu de protection

Question 55

scramble

Answer 55

n. climb over rough terrain, clamber; struggle for possession; disorderly or chaotic proceeding v. mix while cooking (usually about eggs); jumble, mix together confusedly; clamber, climb on all fours; struggle; bustle, hasten; collect in a disorderly fashion scram·ble1 /ˈskræmbəl/ v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【climb】 2【move quickly】 3【do something quickly】 4【compete】 5【information/message】 6【mix 】 7 scramble an egg 8 scramble somebody's brains 9【aircraft】 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from scrabble] 【CLIMB】 [I always + adverb/preposition] to climb up, down, or over something quickly and with difficulty, especially using your hands to help you scramble up/down/over etc 　They tried to scramble up the cliff. 　She scrambled down the tree as quickly as she could. 【MOVE QUICKLY】 [ I always + adverb/preposition] to move somewhere in a hurried awkward way scramble to/out/from etc 　Alan scrambled out of the way. 　Micky scrambled to his feet (=stood up very quickly and awkwardly) and hurried into the kitchen. 【DO SOMETHING QUICKLY】 [T] to try to do something difficult very quickly scramble to do sth 　They were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. 【COMPETE】 [I] to struggle or compete with other people to get or reach something scramble for 　Thousands of people will be scrambling for tickets. 【INFORMATION/MESSAGE】 [T] to use special equipment to mix messages, radio signals etc into a different form, so that they cannot be understood by other people without the correct equipment 　Our conversation will be electronically scrambled. 【MIX 】 [T] to mix words, ideas, sentences etc so that they are not in the right order and do not make sense 　In this exercise, the words in each sentence are scrambled. scramble an egg to cook an egg by mixing the white and yellow parts together and heating it in a pan scramble sb's brains informal to make someone unable to think clearly or reasonably 　Maybe the alcohol has scrambled his brains. 【AIRCRAFT】 [I] if a military plane scrambles, it goes up into the air very quickly in order to escape or to attack an enemy scramble 2 scramble2 n [singular] a difficult climb in which you have to use your hands to help you 　The village was a 20-minute scramble away. [singular] a situation in which people compete with and push each other in order to get what they want scramble for 　the usual scramble for the bathroom every morning scramble to do sth 　a scramble to carry the baggage into the house [singular] a situation in which something has to be done very quickly, with a lot of rushing around 　It was a mad scramble trying to get things ready in time. [C] BrE a motorcycle race over rough groundبادست وپا بالارفتن ، تقلا کردن ، بزحمت جلو رفتن ، تلاش، تقلا، کوشش، ( تخممرغ )املت درست کردن n. güçlükle ilerleme, tırmanış, çabalama, mücâdele, motokros yarışı, acele havalanma v. çabalamak, sürünerek ilerlemek, güçlükle ilerlemek, mücâdele vermek, karıştırmak, çırpmak [yum.], yağda pişirmek n. ascension difficile, ecalade; mêlée, lutte; décollage d'urgence v. brouiller, mélanger (oeufs)monter, descendre, entrer; jouer des pieds et des mains; se pousser, se serrer; décoller rapidement

Question 56

discern

Answer 56

v. distinguish, perceive, recognize, discriminate di·scern /dɪˈsəːn US -əːrn/ v [T not in progressive] formal [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: discernere 'to separate', from cernere 'to sift'] to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully discern what/where/why etc 　Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was. to be able to see something by looking carefully = perceive 　We could just discern a town in the distance. >discernible adj >discernibly adv تشخیص دادن ، تمیز دادن . v. farketmek, farkına varmak, ayırdetmek, sezmek, anlamak, kavramak v. distinguer, discerner, voir

Question 57

derision

Answer 57

n. mockery, ridicule, scorn de·ri·sion /dɪˈrɪʒən/ n [U] when you show that you think someone or something is stupid or silly 　His speech was greeted with derision by opposition leaders. n. alay, alay etme n. dérision

Question 58

hamper

Answer 58

n. large basket with a cover in which things can be stored (i.e. laundry hamper) v. hinder, impede, delay ham·per1 /ˈhæmpə US -ər/ v [T] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Origin unknown] to make it difficult for someone to do something 　She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase. 　An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather. hamper 2 hamper2 n [C] hamper, rug [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: hanaper 'case for holding cups' (13-19 centuries), from Old French hanap 'cup'] BrE a basket with a lid, which is used for carrying food or sending it to someone as a present 　a picnic hamper 　They sent us a lovely Christmas hamper. AmE a large basket that you put dirty clothes in until they can be washed British Equivalent: laundry basket ز کار بازداشتن ، مانع شدن ، مختل کردن ، قید. n. kapaklı sepet, piknik sepeti, sepet (hediye) v. engel olmak, engellemek, aksatmak, köstek olmak, zorluk çıkarmak n. panier v. retarder, s'attarder, alourdir, appesantir

Question 59

lurk

Answer 59

n. hideout v. lie in wait; hide; prowl, sneak about, slink; exist unsuspected or unseen; (Internet) be a passive participant in a discussion group (read other people's messages without adding one's own comments) lurk /ləːk US ləːrk/ v [I ] [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from Low German or a Scandinavian language] to wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because you are going to do something wrong lurk in/behind/beneath/around etc 　She didn't see the figure lurking behind the bushes. if something such as danger, a feeling etc lurks somewhere, it exists, but you may not see it or know about it 　a dark formless danger, lurking in the shadows if you lurk in a chat room on the Internet, you read what other people are writing to each other, but you do not write any messages yourself lurk in 　I think it's sort of creepy how people lurk in chat rooms. کمین کردن ، در تکاپو بودن ، درکمین شکار بودن ، در انتظار فرصت بودن ، دزدکی عملکردن ، در خفا انجام دادن . v. pusuya yatmak, gizlenmek n. menacer, rester tapi v. s'embusquer; se cacher; s'infiltrer; se dérober (sur internet) être présent "derrière les coulisses" en groupe de débât (en cachette, sans intervenir)

Question 60

impetus

Answer 60

n. urge, drive, something which stimulates or impels; momentum, force through which a body moves im·pe·tus /ˈɪmpɪtəs/ n [U] [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: impetere 'to attack', from petere 'to go to, look for'] an influence that makes something happen or makes it happen more quickly impetus for 　The report may provide further impetus for reform. 　The discovery gave fresh impetus to the research. technical the force that makes an object start moving, or keeps it moving نیروی جنبش، عزم، انگیزه . n. hız, şiddet, dürtü, güdü n. impulsion, coup de pouce; élan e: to gain enough impetus to sit down and study

Question 61

culm

Answer 61

n. coal waste; shale which contains much coal; stem of plants or grass n. kömür tozu, karbonlu oluşum, kalitesiz antrasit, eklemli ot sapı کزل ،ساقه غله ،ساقه علف n. charbon; houille; anthracite (géologie)

Question 62

commodity

Answer 62

n. merchandise, goods, item that is bought and sold; something useful com·mod·i·ty /kəˈmɔdɪti US kəˈmɑː-/ n plural commodities [C] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: commodité, from Latin commoditas, from commodus; COMMODE] a product that is bought and sold 　agricultural commodities 　Commodity prices fell sharply. formal a useful quality or thing 　Time is a precious commodity. وسیله مناسب، متاع، کالا، جنس. (i). mal, emtia, eşya; yararlı şey. staple commodities başlıca satış ürünleri. n. marchandise, produit, denrée; ressource

Question 63

vogue

Answer 63

vogue [vəʊg] n. fashion; popularity vogue /vəug US voug/ n [C usually singular, U] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: 'act of rowing, course, fashion', from Old Italian voga, from vogare 'to row'] a popular and fashionable style, activity, method etc = fashion vogue for 　the vogue for large families in the pre-war years be in vogue/be the vogue 　Short skirts are very much in vogue just now. 　Suntanning first came into vogue in the mid-1930s. Vogue Vogue trademark a fashion magazine for women, which includes photographs of expensive clothes and articles about new fashions, health, and beauty. رسم معمول، رواج، عادت، مرسوم، مد، متداول، عمومی ورایج. n. moda, popülarite, rağbet, tutma n. mode; popularité

Question 64

rhyme

Answer 64

n. similarity of sound at the end of words or lines of poetry; word that ends with a sound similar to that of another word v. compose rhymes, write words or lines of poetry that end in similar sounds; be similar in sound, sound alike or identical rhyme1 /raɪm/ n [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: rime, probably from Latin rhythmus; RHYTHM] [C] a short poem or song, especially for children, using words that rhyme 　a collection of traditional rhymes with illustrations → nursery rhyme [C] a word that rhymes with another word rhyme for 　Can you think of a rhyme for 'bicycle'? [U] words or lines of poetry that rhyme 　I love his use of rhyme and rhythm. in rhyme 　The whole story is written in rhyme. no rhyme or reason no sensible reason or organization 　There seems to be no rhyme or reason for the school's behaviour. rhyme 2 rhyme2 v [not in progressive] [I] if two words or lines of poetry rhyme, they end with the same sound, including a vowel rhyme with 　'Hat' rhymes with 'cat'. 　The song has rhyming couplets (=pairs of lines that end in words that rhyme) . [T] to put two or more words together to make them rhyme rhyme sth with sth 　You can't rhyme 'box' with 'backs'. (rime) قافیه ، پساوند، شعر، سخن قافیه دار، نظم، قافیه ساختن ، هم قافیه شدن ، شعر گفتن ، بساوند. n. uyak, kafiye, kısa şiir v. uyaklı olmak, kafiye yapmak, kafiyeli yazmak, kafiyeli söylemek n. rime, vers v. rimer, faire des vers; rimer ensemble

Question 65

ballad

Answer 65

n. sentimental song that tells a story, narrative poem adapted for singing bal·lad /ˈbæləd/ n [C] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: balade, from Old Provençal balada 'dance, song sung while dancing', from balar 'to dance', from Late Latin ballare; BALL1] a slow love song a short story in the form of a poem or song شعر افسانه ای، (مو. ) تصنیف، آواز یکنفری که در ضمن آن داستانی بیان میشود، یک قطعه ئ رومانتیک . n. balad, halk şarkısı, türkü, hikâyeli şiir, koşuk, şarkı n. ballade, petit poème de forme régulière; poème de forme libre; morceau de texte quelconque qui illustre le texte d'une ballade, romance (Musique)

Question 66

puritanical

Answer 66

adj. strict on religious and moral issues, supporting modesty and simplicity pu·ri·tan·i·cal /ˌpjuərɪˈtænɪkəl US ˌpjur-/ adj very strict about moral matters, especially sex - used in order to show disapproval 　a puritanical father who wouldn't let his children watch television 　The atmosphere at the school was oppressively puritanical.وابسته بفرقه پیوریتان ها، وابسته به پاک دینان . adj. püritenlere ait, tutucu, gerici, bağnaz adj. rigoureux; sévère; puritain

Question 67

tract

Answer 67

n. area of land or water; pamphlet promoting an opinion on an issue (esp. religious or political); group of internal organs that function together (Anatomy); bundle of nerve fibers forming a pathway in the body (Anatomy) tract /trækt/ n [C] [Sense: 1-2; Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: tractus 'pulling, extension', from trahere 'to pull'] [Sense: 3; Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: tractatus 'tract', from tractare; TRACTABLE] the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract a system of connected organs that have one main purpose in a part of your body a large area of land 　vast tracts of woodland formal a short piece of writing, especially about a moral or religious subject 　a tract on the dangers of drink مدت، مرور، کشش، حد، وسعت، اندازه ، داستان یانمایشنامه ویاحوادث مسلسل، نشان ، اثر، رد بپا، رشته ، قطعه ، مقاله ، رساله ، نشریه . n. alan, bölge, saha, sistem [anat.], broşür (dini) n. étendue, zone, région e:plus the odd Puritanical tract as an aid to morality

Question 68

flair

Answer 68

n. talent, natural sense or ability; style, chic; discernment; scent (Hunting) flair /fleə US fler/ n [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: 'sense of smell'] [singular] a natural ability to do something very well = talent 　Jo has a flair for languages. [U] a way of doing things that is interesting and shows imagination artistic/creative flair 　a job for which artistic flair is essential 　Irwin has real entrepreneurial flair. شامه سگ ، بویائی، ( مجا) قوه تشخیص، فراست، استعداد، خصیصه . n. sezgi, sezme, yetenek, kabiliyet n. aptitude; talent naturel; prévenance; élégance de style; perspicacité; flair (chasse) e:It is a tribute to Newbery’s flair that he hit upon a winning formula

Question 69

pirate

Answer 69

adj. of who commits sea robbery; illegally copied (Computers) n. one who commits sea robbery; one who steals copyrighted or patented materials; one who illegally copies or uses computer software (Computers) v. steal copyrighted or patented materials; illegally copy or use computer software (Computers) pi·rate1 /ˈpaɪərət US ˈpaɪrət/ n [C] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Latin; Origin: pirata, from Greek peirates, from peiran 'to attack'] someone who sails on the seas, attacking other boats and stealing things from them →piracy someone who dishonestly copies and sells another person's work →piracy 　Computer game pirates cost the industry twenty million pounds a year. pirate videos/CDs/software etc pirate radio/TV (station) illegal radio or television broadcasts, or the station sending them out >piratical /paɪˈrætɪkəl, pɪ-/ adj literary pirate 2 pirate2 v [T] to illegally copy and sell another person's work such as a book, video, or computer program 　pirated video tapes دزد دریایی، دزد ادبی، دزدی دریایی کردن ، بدون اجازه ناشر یا صاحب حق طبعچاپ کردن ، دزدی ادبی کردن . adj. korsan, yasadışı, izinsiz yayın yapan n. korsan, korsan gemisi, korsan yayın yapan kimse, korsan çalışan araç v. yağmalamak, talan etmek, izinsiz yayınlamak adj. pirate, illégal; volé; dérobé; illégalement volé (Informatique) n. pirate; flibustier; voleur; pirate informatique, personne qui copie illégalement des programmes informatiques v. pirater; voler; copier de façon illégale (Informatique) e:he hit upon a winning formula quite so quickly, to be pirated almost immediately in America.

Question 70

levity

Answer 70

n. lack of seriousness, frivolity, flightiness, silliness lev·i·ty /ˈlevɪti/ n [U] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: levitas, from levis 'light'] formal lack of respect or seriousness when you are dealing with something serious ≠ gravity سبک ، سبک سری، رفتار سبک ، لوسی. n. ciddiyetsizlik, hoppalık, düşüncesizlik n. manque de sérieux, légèreté e:Such pleasing levity was not to last

Question 71

decree

Answer 71

n. edict, law, mandate, rule v. order by law, ordain, proclaim de·cree1 /dɪˈkriː/ n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: decré, from Latin decernere 'to decide'] an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country 　The Emperor issued the decree repealing martial law. a judgment in a court of law decree 2 decree2 v [T] to make an official judgment or give an official order decree (that) 　The King decreed that there should be an end to the fighting. حکم کردن ، حکم، فرمان . n. emir, kararname, karar, ferman v. karara bağlamak, hüküm vermek, emretmek; buyurmak n. sentence, rendre la sentence v. rendre un arrêt e:he decreed that all books for children save Robinson Crusoe were a dangerous diversion

Question 72

decorum

Answer 72

n. propriety, etiquette, politeness, seemliness de·co·rum /dɪˈkɔːrəm/ n [U] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: decorus; DECOROUS] formal behaviour that shows respect and is correct for a particular situation, especially a formal occasion 　He was disciplined for breaching the Senate's rules of decorum. ادب، آداب دانی، مناسبت، رفتاربجا. n. edep, terbiyeli olma, nezaket n. modestie, pudeur, dignité, loyauté e: models of sense and decorum

Question 73

stern

Answer 73

n. rear section of a boat (Nautical); back part of anything adj. strict, uncompromising, firm; grim, harsh, austere stern1 /stəːn US stəːrn/ adj [Language: Old English; Origin: styrne] serious and strict, and showing strong disapproval of someone's behaviour 　sterner penalties for drug offences stern look/voice/expression etc 　'Wait!' I shouted in my sternest voice. stern warning/rebuke 　His actions have earned him stern rebukes from human-rights organizations. be made of sterner stuff to have a strong character and be more determined than other people to succeed in a difficult situation 　Ann, made of sterner stuff than I, refused all offers of help. >sternly adv >sternness n [U] stern 2 stern2 n [C usually singular] [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from Old Norse stjorn 'steering'] the back of a ship →bow سخت گیر، عبوس، سخت ومحکم، عقب کشتی، کشتیدم. n. pupa, kıç, arka taraf adj. arka, sert, katı, şiddetli, inatçı, acımasız, haşin, amansız, kıç n. poupe, arrière (Nautique) adj. stricte, sévère, dur, insensible; grave, austère

Question 74

apotheosis

Answer 74

n. elevation to high status; deification; ideal example a·poth·e·o·sis /əˌpɔθiˈəusɪs US əˌpɑːθiˈousɪs, ˌæpəˈθiːəsɪs/ n [singular] formal [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Late Latin; Origin: Greek, from apotheoun 'to make into a god', from apo- ( APOCALYPSE) + theos 'god'] the best and most perfect example of something apotheosis of 　the apotheosis of romantic art the best or highest point in someone's life or job = apex apotheosis of 　the apotheosis of his career n. tanrılaştırma, ilahlaştırma, yüceltme; ideal, yüce amaç n. apothéose; exemple e:The final apotheosis of literary childhood

Question 75

concoct

Answer 75

v. brew, cook together; invent, contrive, think up con·coct /kənˈkɔkt US -ˈkɑːkt/ v [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of concoquere 'to cook together', from com- ( COM-) + coquere 'to cook'] to invent a clever story, excuse, or plan, especially in order to deceive someone 　John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late. to make something, especially food or drink, by mixing different things, especially things that are not usually combined 　Jean concocted a great meal from the leftovers. درست کردن ، جعل کردن ، اختراع کردن ، ترکیب کردن ، پختن ، (م. م. ) گواریدن . از خود درآوردن v. karıştırmak, hazırlamak, uydurmak, uyduruvermek v. préparer un cuit, inventer e: the formula for which was concocted in a factory in Yatala

Question 76

rave

Answer 76

n. enthusiastic appraisal, extremely positive review or critique v. speak deliriously, talk frantically; rage, blow or crash violently (about weather, ocean waves, etc.) adj. enthusiastic; of trend; of crazy or wild talk rave1 /reɪv/ v [I] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: raver 'to wander, talk wildly'] rave about/over sth to talk about something you enjoy or admire in an excited way = enthuse 　Now I understand why travelers rave about Lapland. 　The customers were raving over our homemade chili. to talk in an angry, uncontrolled, or crazy way rave at 　He started raving at me rave on BrE 　Lisa raved on about how awful it all was. 　He was still ranting and raving the next morning. rave 2 rave2 n [C] a big event where people dance to loud music with a strong beat and often take drugs 　an all-night rave 　rave music 　rave parties → raver strong praise for a new play, book etc 　The play got raves from the critics. rave 3 rave3 adj rave reviews/notices/reports strong praise for a new play, book etc, especially in a newspaper or magazine win/receive/earn rave reviews 　The performance earned them rave reviews from critics. دیوانه شدن ، جار و جنجال راه انداختن ، با بیحوصلگی حرف زدن ، دیوانگی، غوغا. n. çılgınlık, deli olma, coşku, coşkulu tezahürat, çılgın parti, kasanın kenarlarına takılan parmaklıklar, kamyon kasasını yükseltmek için takılan tahtalar v. saçmalamak, abuk sabuk konuşmak, çıldırmak, deli olmak, kudurmak, küplere binmek, hayran olmak n. éloge enthousiaste; béguin v. délirer, divaguer; tempêter; crier; s'emporter, s'extasier adj. enthousiaste; en délire, fou, furieux; extraordinaire (beauté) e:750ml bottles after the constant “raves” from customers at their retail store

Question 77

wary

Answer 77

adj. cautious, suspicious war·y /ˈweəri US ˈweri/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: ware 'careful' (11-20 centuries), from Old English wAr] someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful be wary of (doing) sth 　I'm a bit wary of driving in this fog. wary of 　We must teach children to be wary of strangers. 　 Keep a wary eye on the weather before you set sail. 　She had a wary expression on her face. >wariness n [singular, U] 　a wariness in her voice >warily adv 　She eyed him warily . بسیار محتاط، با ملاحظه ، هشیار. adj. dikkatli, tedbirli, ihtiyatlı, uyanık adj. avisé, prudent, circonspect; soupçonneux e:Despite the product success, Peter Quinn says the company was wary of how long the sales would last

Question 78

succumb

Answer 78

v. give in, surrender, yield, submit; die suc·cumb /səˈkʌm/ v [I] formal [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: succomber, from Latin succumbere, from sub- ( SUB-) + cumbere 'to lie down'] to stop opposing someone or something that is stronger than you, and allow them to take control = give in succumb to 　 Succumbing to pressure from the chemical industry, Governor Blakely amended the regulations. 　Gina succumbed to temptation and had a second serving of cake. if you succumb to an illness, you become very ill or die of it succumb to 　About 400,000 Americans succumb each year to smoking-related illnesses. از پای در آمدن ، تسلیم شدن ، سرفرود آوردن . v. dayanamamak, karşı koyamamak, pes etmek, yenilmek, ölmek v. succomber; céder; mourir e:He had succumbed to the third and most lethal wave of the Russian flu

Question 79

fend

Answer 79

v. repulse, drive back, ward off, defend; look after, support; avoid giving a direct answer fend /fend/ v [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: defend] fend for yourself to look after yourself without needing help from other people 　The kids had to fend for themselves while their parents were away. fend off [fend sb/sth off] phr v to defend yourself against someone who is attacking you = fight somebody⇔off 　Tabitha threw up an arm to fend her attacker off. to defend yourself from something such as difficult questions, competition, or a situation you do not want to deal with 　She uses her secretary to fend off unwanted phone calls. 　The company managed to fend off the hostile takeover bid. دفع کردن ، دور کردن (باoff یاaway) دفاع کردن ، تکفل معاش. v. kendini korumak, karşı koymak v. repousser; s'inquiéter; se défendre; éluder une question e:carbolic smoke ball, a preventive measure guaranteed to fend off flu

Question 80

frail

Answer 80

adj. fragile; flimsy; weak, slight, thin; feeble, infirm; weak natured frail /freɪl/ adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: fraile, from Latin fragilis, from frangere 'to break'] someone who is frail is weak and thin because they are old or ill 　 frail elderly people 　her frail health frail body/physique mentally/physically frail something that is frail is easily damaged or broken = fragile 　It seemed impossible that these frail boats could survive in such a storm. 　the country's frail economy نازک ، سست، نحیف، شکننده ، زودگذر، سست در برابر وسوسه شیطانی، گول خور، بی مایه . adj. kolay kırılır, narin, zayıf, çelimsiz, ahlaksız, hafif, yavan, tatsız adj. frêle; fragile; mou; flasques; affaibli; faible; faible de caractère e:Most epidemics carried off the poor and weak, the old and frail

Question 81

swathe

Answer 81

v. wrap, envelop, enclose; bandage; wrap around swathe1 /sweɪð US swɑːð, swɔːð, sweɪð/ n also swath /swɔθ US swɑːθ/ [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: swAth 'footstep, track'] a long thin area of something, especially land swathe of 　The bomb had left a swathe of the town centre in ruins. 　A swathe of sunlight lay across the floor. a long thin area of grass or plants that has been cut down 　We cut a swathe through the dense undergrowth. cut a swathe through sth to destroy a large amount or part of something swathe 2 swathe2 v [T usually in passive] literary [Language: Old English; Origin: swathian] to wrap or cover something in something 　women swathed in expensive furs 　The moon was swathed in mist. (swath) ردپا، ردیف باریک ، راه باریک ، اثرماشین چمن زنی، پیچیدن ، قنداق کردن ، نوار. n. sargı, bandaj, kundak bağı, kuşak, biçilmiş ekin yığını, orakla bir defada biçilen yer swathe 2 [swɑð /sweɪð] v. çevrelemek, sarmak, sarıp sarmalamak, kundaklamak v. envelopper; panser e:This flu was cutting as great a swathe through the upper classes

Question 82

doom

Answer 82

n. terrible fate, ruin, destruction; death v. sentence to a terrible fate, condemn Doom [duːm] n. popular computer game (also on the Internet) doom1 /duːm/ v [T usually passive] to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc 　Many species are doomed to extinction. 　The plan was doomed from the start . be doomed to do sth 　We are all doomed to die in the end. >doomed adj 　passengers on the doomed flight doom 2 doom2 n [U] [Language: Old English; Origin: dom] something very bad that is going to happen, or the fact that it is going to happen 　A sense of impending doom (=coming very soon) gripped her. sense/feeling of doom spell doom for sth (=mean that something will be unable to continue or survive) 　The recession spelled doom for many small businesses. 　Thousands of soldiers met their doom (=died) on this very field. doom and gloom/gloom and doom (=when there seems to be no hope for the future) 　Despite these poor figures, it's not all doom and gloom v. hüküm vermek, mahkum etmek; kaderi kötü olmak Doom [duːm] n. kör talih, kader, alın yazısı, ölüm, ölüm cezası, karar, hüküm n. destin funeste, sort malheureux; perte, ruine; mort v. condamner, vouer à Doom [duːm] n. Doom, jeu informatique populaire (même sur Internet) e:The press might have been overdoing the doom and gloom

Question 83

cling

Answer 83

v. hang on to; stick to, adhere to; stay close to; remain faithful to cling /klɪŋ/ v past tense and past participle clung /klʌŋ/ [I] [Language: Old English; Origin: clingan] [always + adverb/preposition] to hold someone or something tightly, especially because you do not feel safe cling to/on/at etc 　He wailed and clung to his mother. 　Passengers clung desperately onto the lifeboats. [always + adverb/preposition] to stick to someone or something, or seem to surround them cling to/around etc 　His wet shirt clung to his body. 　The smell of cigarette smoke clung to her clothes. to stay close to someone all the time because you are too dependent on them or do not feel safe - used to show disapproval 　Some children tend to cling on their first day at school. 　a less clinging wife cling on phr v to continue trying to stay in power, in business etc 　Other businesses cling on and hope. cling to [cling to sth] phr v to continue to believe or do something, even though it may not be true or useful any longer cling to the hope/belief/idea etc (that) 　He clung to the hope that she would be cured. to stay in a position of power or stay ahead, when this is difficult, or to try to do this 　an attempt to cling to power e:many clung to the old idea of bad airs, or mi­asmas, possibly stirred by some great physical force صداى جرنگ( مثل صداى افتادن پول خرد )چسبيدن ،پيوستن ،(مج ).وفادار بودن v. yapışmak, sarılmak; bağlanmak, sadık kalmak; tırmanmak, tutunmak v. s'accrocher à, rester collé

Question 84

farinaceous

Answer 84

``` adj. containing flour; starchy آردی، نشاسته ای. adj. nişastalı, un gibi adj. farineux; amidonné; qui contient de l'amidon; empesé (d'amidon) e:farinaceous puddings ```

Question 85

incessant

Answer 85

adj. continuous, unceasing, continuing without a pause in·ces·sant /ɪnˈsesənt/ adj [usually before noun] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: Latin cessare 'to delay'] continuing without stopping = constant 　The child's incessant talking started to irritate her. 　incessant rain >incessantly adv 　They quarreled incessantly. لاينقطع ،پيوسته ،پى در پى ،بى پايان adj. sürekli, devamlı, aralıksız, ardı arkası kesilmeyen adj. incessant, constant, sans arrêt e:heroin for an “incessant cough

Question 86

gaining ground

Answer 86

progress, advance v. obtain advantages, such as points, etc. ضربه با پا به اميد بل گرفتن ان نزديک دروازه حريف ،پيشروى کردن قانون ـ فقه : خاک دشمن را تصرف کردن تجاوز و تعدى کردن ورزش : پيشروى شمشيرباز بسوى حريف progresser, avancer e:the theory that micro-organisms caused disease was gaining ground

Question 87

apt

Answer 87

adj. suitable, appropriate; able to learn quickly, intelligent apt /æpt/ adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of apere 'to fasten'] be apt to do sth to have a natural tendency to do something 　Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays. exactly right for a particular situation or purpose = appropriate 　'Love at first sight' is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her. apt for 　The punishment should be apt for the crime. an apt pupil/student formal a student who is quick to learn and understand >aptness n [U] مستعد، قابل، درخور، مناسب، شایسته ، محتمل، متمایل، آماده ، زرنگ . adj. uygun, yerinde, eğilimli, eğimli, zeki adj. apte; qui a des dispositions pour e:These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt

Question 88

invigorate

Answer 88

v. energize, enliven; arouse; strengthen; animate in·vig·o·rate /ɪnˈvɪgəreɪt/ v [T ] if something invigorates you, it makes you feel healthier, stronger and have more energy 　At my age, the walk into town is enough to invigorate me. 　He felt invigorated after a day in the country. [usually passive] to make the people in an organization or group feel excited again, so that they want to make something successful 　Carey's hope was that the church would be renewed and invigorated. نیرو دادن ، قوت دادن ، روح بخشیدن ، پر زور کردن ، تقویت شدن ، خوش بنیه شدن . v. canlandırmak v. fortifier; revigorer; vivifier; tonifier; réanimer; redonner la vie à e: These people find conflict or differences of opinion invigorating and love to engage in a spirited discussion.

Question 89

temperament

Answer 89

n. nature, disposition tem·pe·ra·ment /ˈtempərəmənt/ n [U and C] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: temperamentum, from temperare; TEMPER2] the emotional part of someone's character, especially how likely they are to be happy, angry etc artistic/nervous/good etc temperament 　Jill has such a lovely relaxed temperament. by temperament 　Tolkien was, by temperament, a very different man from Lewis. مزاج، حالت، طبیعت، خلق، فطرت، سرشت. n. huy, yaradılış, akort, coşku, mizaç n. tempérament, d'un naturel e: His temperament is sanguine

Question 90

downplay

Answer 90

v. de-emphasize, make little of down·play /ˌdaunˈpleɪ US ˈdaunpleɪ/ v [T] to make something seem less important than it really is = play down 　White House officials attempted to downplay the President's role in the affair. v. réduire la valeur

Question 91

commission

Answer 91

n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson; document that grants certain powers; authorization v. contract, order; confer rank or authority, empower, authorize com·mis·sion1 W1S1 /kəˈmɪʃən/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin commissio, from commissus, past participle of committere; COMMIT] [C] a group of people who have been given the official job of finding out about something or controlling something 　The Government set up a commission to investigate allegations of police violence. commission on 　the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution [U and C] an extra amount of money that is paid to a person or organization according to the value of the goods they have sold or the services they have provided 　The dealer takes a 20% commission on the sales he makes. on commission 　He sold cosmetics on commission. [C] a request for an artist, designer, or musician to make a piece of art or music, for which they are paid 　a commission from the Academy for a new sculpture [C] the position of an officer in the army, navy etc [U] formal the commission of a crime is the act of doing it out of commission a) not working or not available for use 　One of the ship's anchors was out of commission. b) informal ill or injured, and unable to work in commission available to be used 　The operating theatres will be back in commission next week. commission 2 commission2 v [T] to formally ask someone to write an official report, produce a work of art for you etc 　The report was commissioned by the Welsh Office. commission sb to do sth 　Macmillan commissioned her to illustrate a book by Spike Milligan. be commissioned (into sth) to be given an officer's rank in the army, navy etc 　He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers. Commission Commission, the an informal name for the European Commission (.n):ماموریت، تصدی، حق العمل، فرمان ، حکم، هیئت، مامورین ، کمیسیون ، انجام، (.vt): گماشتن ، ماموریت دادن . n. görev, vazife, görevlendirme, atama; terfi, atama belgesi; sipariş, ısmarlama; talimat; komisyon, aracı kârı; heyet, kurul, komite v. görevlendirmek, atamak, yetkilendirmek; ısmarlamak, sipariş vermek; tayin etmek n. commission, pourcentage; titre, brevet; grade, rang v. mandater, déléguer un pouvoir e: review was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to examine

Question 92

savoury

Answer 92

adj. tasty, having a pleasant flavor; fragrant, having a pleasant odor; appetizing; agreeable, pleasant; spicy, piquant savoury 2 ['sa·vour·y || 'seɪvərvərɪ] n. spicy dish served as hors d'oeuvre or at the end of dinner; one of two aromatic herbs of the mint family; extremely small aromatic shrub of Mediterranean areas sa·vour·y1 BrE savory AmE /ˈseɪvəri/ adj BrE savoury food tastes of salt ≠ sweet 　savoury party snacks 　pancakes with sweet and savoury fillings a savoury smell or taste is strong and pleasant but is not sweet not very savoury/none too savoury unpleasant or morally unacceptable →unsavoury 　Some of the customers in the pub looked none too savoury. savoury 2 savoury2 plural savouries n [C] BrE a small piece of food with a salty taste that is served at a party 　plates of cakes and savouries ( savory) خوش طعم، مطبوع طبع، مورد پسند. adj. lezzetli, tadı güzel, iştah açıcı, kokulu savoury 2 ['sa·vour·y || 'seɪvərvərɪ] n. yemek sonunda yenen tuzlu şey, geyik otu e: savoury snacks

Question 93

wane

Answer 93

n. decreasing in brightness (of the moon); descent, lessening; approaching of the end (of a period of life, etc.) v. diminish; decline; ebb, subside, dwindle; approach the end (of life, a period, etc.) wane1 /weɪn/ v [I] [Language: Old English; Origin: wanian] if something such as power, influence, or a feeling wanes, it becomes gradually less strong or less important 　My enthusiasm for the project was waning. 　The group's influence had begun to wane by this time. when the moon wanes, you gradually see less of it →wax →wax and wane at wax 2 (4) wane 2 wane2 n on the wane becoming smaller, weaker, or less important 　By the 5th century, the power of the Roman Empire was on the wane. رو بکاهش گذاشتن ، نقصان یافتن ، کمشدن ، افول، کم و کاستی، وارفتن ، به آخر رسیدن . n. azalma, eksilme, zayıflama, kerestedeki kusur v. küçülmek, azalmak, solmak, batmak, sonuna yaklaşmak n. amoindrissement (la lune); lente extinction, diminution, enfoncement; approche à la fin (d'une époque, de la vie etc.) v. décroître; décliner; être sur le retour; s'affaiblir; diminuer e:the dominance of television has recently begun to wane

Question 94

amount

Answer 94

n. quantity; sum v. total, come to -; become a·mount1 W1S1 /əˈmaunt/ n [U and C] a quantity of something such as time, money, or a substance amount of 　They spend equal amounts of time in California and New York. a considerable/large/enormous etc amount 　a considerable amount of money a small/tiny etc amount 　a tiny amount of dirt 　Please pay the full amount (=of money) by the end of the month. used to talk about how much there is of a feeling or quality a large/considerable etc amount of sth 　Her case has attracted an enormous amount of public sympathy. a certain/fair amount of sth 　Dina encountered a fair amount of envy among her colleagues. no amount of sth can/will etc do sth used to say that something has no effect 　No amount of persuasion could make her change her mind. any amount of sth used to say that there is plenty of something, and no more is needed 　The school has any amount of resources and equipment. amount 2 amount2 v amount to [amount to sth] phr v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: amonter, from amont 'upward', from mont 'mountain'] if figures, sums etc amount to a particular total, they equal that total when they are added together 　Time lost through illness amounted to 1,357 working days. if an attitude, remark, situation etc amounts to something, it has the same effect 　The court's decision amounts to a not guilty verdict. 　Ultimately, their ideas amount to the same thing . not amount to much/anything/a great deal etc to not be important, valuable, or successful 　Her academic achievements don't amount to much. 　Jim's never going to amount to much. مقدار.(vi): سرزدن ، بالغ شدن ، رسیدن ، (n): مبلغ، مقدار میزان . n. miktar, tutar, toplam, değer, önem v. toplama ulaşmak, sonuca varmak; eşit olmak; anlamına gelmek; ifade etmek n. quantité; somme, montant v. se monter à; atteindre la somme de e:This does not amount to proof of an effect

Question 95

context

Answer 95

n. paragraphs surrounding a word or sentence; overall situation, background con·text W1S3 /ˈkɔntekst US ˈkɑːn-/ n [U and C] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: contextus 'connection of words', from contexere 'to weave together', from com- ( COM-) + texere 'to weave'] the situation, events, or information that are related to something and that help you to understand it political/social/historical etc context 　the political context of the election place/put/see etc sth in context 　To appreciate what these changes will mean, it is necessary to look at them in context . in the context of sth 　These incidents are best understood in the broader context of developments in rural society. the words that come just before and after a word or sentence and that help you understand its meaning 　The meaning of 'mad' depends on its context. take/quote sth out of context to repeat part of what someone has said or written without describing the situation in which it was said, so that it means something quite different 　His comments, taken out of context, seem harsh. زمینه ، مفاد، مفهوم.زمینه ، متن . n. bağlam, sözün gelişi, kaynak, şartlar, durum n. contexte, ensemble de texte qui entoure un mot, concordance; environnement; situation; conjoncture e: but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more

Question 96

advert

Answer 96

advertisement

Question 97

dub

Answer 97

v. call, name; confer knighthood upon, invest with a title; strike; poke; thrust; record a new soundtrack for a film or tape (often in a different language); add new music or other sounds to an existing recording dub1 /dʌb/ v past tense and past participle dubbed present participle dubbing [T] [Sense: 1,5; Origin: Old English dubbian] [Sense: 2-4; Origin: double] [usually passive] to give something or someone a name that describes them in some way →label, name name be dubbed sth 　The body, thousands of years old, was found in the Alps and dubbed 'The Iceman'. to change the original spoken language of a film or television programme into another language be dubbed into sth 　a British film dubbed into French especially BrE to make a record out of two or more different pieces of music or sound mixed together AmE to copy a recording from a tape or CD onto another tape if a king or queen dubs someone, they give the title of knight to that person in a special ceremony dub 2 dub2 n [U] a style of poetry or music from the West Indies with a strong regular beat باتماس شمشیر بشانه شخصی لقب شوالیه باو اعطا کردن ، تفویض مقام کردن ، چرب کردن ، ( در سینما) فیلم را دوبله کردن . v. ünvan vermek, isim vermek, ad takmak, dublaj yapmak, düzeltmek, deriyi yağlayıp yumuşatmak v. doubler (un film), surnommer, adouber (chevalerie) e:the bridge was dubbed the ‘wobbly’ bridge

Question 98

gait

Answer 98

n. way of walking; any of the paces of a horse (i.e. gallop, trot, etc.) gait /geɪt/ n [singular] [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: gate 'way' (13-21 centuries), from Old Norse gata 'road'] the way someone walks 　a slow shuffling gait گام، خرامش، راه رفتن ، ( در اسب ) یورتمه روی، گام برداشتن ، قدم زدن ، خرامیدن . n. yürüyüş, yürüme biçimi, koşma tarzı n. allure, démarche; train d'un cheval; allure d'un cheval e:as the structure began moving, pedestrians adjusted their gait

Question 99

undermine

Answer 99

v. dig under, dig under the foundations of; slowly weaken or injure; sabotage, subvert un·der·mine /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn US -ər-/ v [T] to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective 　economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system undermine sb's confidence/authority/position/credibility etc 　The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence. تحلیل بردن ، از زیر خراب کردن ، نقب زدن . v. altını kazmak, baltalamak, sarsmak v. ébranler, miner, saper e:employees are likely to undermine the expectations set by your advertising

Question 100

resent

Answer 100

v. begrudge, have a feeling of ill will, be displeased or bitter resend v. send again, redispatch; send back, return re·sent /rɪˈzent/ v [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: ressentir 'to feel strongly about', from sentir 'to feel', from Latin sentire] to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair resent (sb) doing sth 　I resented having to work such long hours. bitterly/deeply/strongly resent 　She bitterly resented his mother's influence over him. 　Paul resented the fact that Carol didn't trust him. منزجر شدن از، رنجیدن از، خشمگین شدن از، اظهار تنفر کردن از، اظهار رنجش کردن . v. alınmak, içerlemek, gücenmek, gücüne gitmek v. être offensé, froissé; se froisser, se fâcher; déplaîre resend v. renvoyer, redistribuer; retourner e: that doesn't resonate with staff or, worse, one that builds resentment

Question 101

premise

Answer 101

n. proposition, basic assumption, presupposition, fundamental presumption v. assume, hypothesize, theorize, presume, postulate prem·ise W3 /ˈpremɪs/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: prémisse, from Medieval Latin praemissa, from Latin praemittere 'to place ahead'] premises [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses 　Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises. 　business premises off the premises 　The manager escorted him off the premises. on the premises 　The wonderful desserts are made on the premises. [C] also premiss BrE a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas 　The idea that there is life on other planets is the central premise of the novel. premise that 　the premise that an accused person is innocent until they are proved guilty قضیه ثابت یا اثبات شده ، بنیاد واساس بحث، صغری وکبرای قیاس منطقی، فرض قبلی، فرضیه مقدم، فرض منطقی کردن . n. öncül v. önceden açıklamak, önermenin nedeni olarak göstermek n. supposition, hypothèse v. être sur les lieux e:While this was a logical premise for the campaign

Question 102

starch

Answer 102

نشاسته

Question 103

prairie

Answer 103

n. large open grassland, savanna, meadow prai·rie /ˈpreəri US ˈpreri/ n [C] [Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: Latin pratum 'field'] a wide open area of fairly flat land in North America which is covered in grass or wheat چمن ، چمنزار، مرغزار، فلات چمن زار. n. prairie

Question 104

shrub

Answer 104

n. perennial plant which has woody stems and branches and ranges in height from very low to the size of a small tree, bush shrub /ʃrʌb/ n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: scrybb] a small bush with several woody stems بوته ، گلبن ، بوته توت فرنگی، درختچه ، بوته دار کردن . n. çalı, funda, ağaççık, alkollü meyve şurubu n. arbuste

Question 105

fern

Answer 105

گیاه سرخس

Question 106

demise

Answer 106

v. die; come to an end; bequeath, will; transfer an estate (Law) n. decease, death; passing, coming to an end de·mise /dɪˈmaɪz/ n [U] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: Old French demis 'sent away'] formal the end of something that used to exist demise of 　the imminent demise (=happening soon) of the local newspaper formal or law death 　the mystery surrounding Elena's untimely demise (=when death happens sooner than is normal or expected) >demise v [I] مردن ، وفات یافتن ، انتقال دادن . v. vasiyetle devretmek; bırakmak; feragat etmek n. devretme, feragat; ölüm, vefat v. décéder, léguer; céder (un bien) n. décès, mort e:He says the demise of these animals and plants

Question 107

sparrow

Answer 107

گنجشک n. serçe n. moineau, oiseau passereau au plumage gris marron

Question 108

tuck

Answer 108

v. put into a small or narrow place, thrust into, push in the ends of, insert; draw up in folds, pleat tuck1 /tʌk/ v [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: tuck 'to stretch cloth over hooks, pull' (13-19 centuries), from Old English tucian 'to treat badly, punish, criticize angrily'] [T always + adverb/preposition] to push something, especially the edge of a piece of cloth or paper, into or behind something so that it looks tidier or stays in place tuck sth in 　Jack tucked his shirt in. tuck sth into/under/behind etc sth 　She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear. [T always + adverb/preposition] to put something into a small space, especially in order to protect, hide, carry, or hold it tuck sth behind/under/into etc sth 　Giles was tucking his pile of books under his arm. 　He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket. [T] to put a tuck (=special fold) in a piece of clothing tuck away [tuck sth⇔away] phr v be tucked away a) if a place is tucked away, it is in a quiet area 　The village of Eyam is tucked away behind the hills. b) if someone or something is tucked away, they are hidden or difficult to find 　The envelope was tucked away in her jewel box. informal to store something, especially money, in a safe place 　Every member of the family can now tuck away either £9 or £18 a month in one of these savings plans. BrE informal to eat a lot of food, usually quickly and with enjoyment tuck in phr v tuck sb in to make a child comfortable in bed by arranging the sheets around them tuck sth⇔in to move a part of your body inwards so that it does not stick out so much 　Stand up straight and tuck in your tummy. also tuck into sth informal to eat something eagerly 　The ice creams came and we tucked in. 　They tucked into a hearty breakfast of eggs. tuck up [tuck sb⇔up] phr v to make someone comfortable in bed by arranging the sheets around them 　Dad tucked me up in his and Carrie's bed. be tucked up in bed informal to be lying or sitting in bed 　I ought to be tucked up in bed now. tuck 2 tuck2 n [C] a narrow flat fold of cloth sewn into a piece of clothing for decoration or to give it a special shape [C] a small medical operation done to make your face or stomach look flatter and younger 　a tummy tuck [U] BrE old-fashioned cakes, sweets etc - used especially by schoolchildren 　the school tuck shop Tuck Tuck, Friar → Friar Tuck چین ، تاه ، بالازدگی، بالازنی، توگذاری، شیرینی مربا، نیرو، روحیه ، چین دادن یاجمع کردن انتهای طناب، توگذاشتن ، نیرو، زور، شدت زومندی، درجای دنج قرارگرفتن یاقرار دادن ، شمشیر نازک . n. geminin kıç kuruzu, pli, yiyecek [brit.], börek [brit.], çörek [brit.], kambur çıkarma [spor.] tuck 2 [tʌk] v. tıkmak, tıkıştırmak, tepmek, sokmak, kıvırmak, katlamak, sıkıştırmak, kıstırmak, kıvrılmak v. mettre, remplir; plier e:It tucks its nest on the ground‌

Question 109

woodpecker

Answer 109

n. type of bird with a hard bill for boring into trees ج. ش. ) دارکوب. n. ağaçkakan n. pic, variété d'oiseau grimpeur

Question 110

stash

Answer 110

v. collect, gather, accumulate stash1 /stæʃ/ v [T always + adverb/preposition] informal to store something secretly or safely somewhere stash sth away 　He has money stashed away in the Bahamas. stash in/under 　You can stash your gear in here. stash 2 stash2 n [C] an amount of something that is kept in a secret place, especially money, weapons, or drugs = horde 　Mike went into the bedroom to check on his stash. stash of 　a stash of drugs انبار کردن ، ذخیره کردن ( درمحل مخفی برای آینده )، انباشتن ، محبوس کردن ، پنهانگاه . v. saklamak, iyi bir yere saklamak, güvenli bir yere gizlemek, son vermek v. cacher; planquer; collectionner, accumuler, rassembler; amasser, entasser e:We learned calcium is stashed away in woody shrubs

Question 111

conflagration

Answer 111

n. large fire which causes great destruction con·fla·gra·tion /ˌkɔnfləˈgreɪʃən US ˌkɑːn-/ n [C] formal [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: conflagratio, from conflagrare 'to burn', from com- ( COM-) + flagrare 'to burn'] a very large fire that destroys a lot of buildings, forests etc a violent situation or war آتش سوزی n. yangın felâketi n. conflagration, incendie

Question 112

acre

Answer 112

n. unit of area used to measure plots of ground (equal to 4, 840 square yards or 4, 046.86 square meters) جریب فرنگی (برابر با پای مربع و یا در حدود متر مربع) برای سنجش زمین ، (م. م. ) زمین .

Question 113

coax

Answer 113

v. tempt, entice; wheedle, patiently persuade coax /kəuks US kouks/ v [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: cokes 'stupid person' (16-17 centuries)] to persuade someone to do something that they do not want to do by talking to them in a kind, gentle, and patient way 　'Please, Vic, come with us,' Nancy coaxed. coax sb into/out of (doing) sth 　We had to coax Alan into going to school. coax sb to do sth 　We watched the bear coax its cubs to enter the water. coax sb down/out/back etc 　Firefighters managed to coax the man down from the roof. to make something such as a machine do something by dealing with it in a slow, patient, and careful way coax sth out of/from/into etc sth 　He coaxed a fire out of some dry grass and twigs. 　The driver coaxed his bus through the snow. >coaxing n [U] 　She needs a bit of gentle coaxing. >coaxingly adv coax out of/from [coax sth out of/from sb] phr v to persuade someone to tell you something or give you something 　I managed to coax some money out of Dad. تو گوش کسی خوندن برای انجام کاری و متقاعد کردن ریشخندکردن ، نوازش کردن ، چرب زبانی کردن . کابل هم محور v. tatlı sözlerle kandırmak; ikna etmek; dil dökerek elde etmek, dil dökmek; gönlünü almak v. cajoler, câliner; encourager, enjôler e: In time, this original vegetation can be coaxed back

Question 114

resurgence

Answer 114

n. act of rising again; revival, renaissance, rejuvenation re·sur·gence /rɪˈsəːdʒəns US -əːr-/ n [singular,U] [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: resurgent (18-21 centuries), from Latin resurgere 'to rise again', from surgere; SURGE1] the reappearance and growth of something that was common in the past resurgence of 　There has been a resurgence of interest in religion over the last ten years. resurgence in 　a resurgence in the popularity of 60s music بازخیز، تجدید حیات، تجدید فعالیت، طغیان مجدد. n. yeniden dirilme, canlanma, güçlenme:Everyone wants them. n. résurrection, réapparition, résurgence e:Longleaf is in a resurgence

Question 115

prose

Answer 115

n. everyday style of writing, nonpoetic style of writing; common phrase, dull expression نثر، سخن منثور، به نثر درآوردن ، نثر نوشتن . prose /prəuz US prouz/ n [U] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin prosa, from prorsus, prosus 'straight, direct'] written language in its usual form, as opposed to poetry n. düzyazı, nesir, sıkıcı yazı, yavan söz, çevirisi yapılacak metin n. prose; littérature narrative; discours e: thousands of lines, in verse or prose

Question 116

verse

Answer 116

n. rhyme; stanza; poem; subdivision of a Biblical chapter verse /vəːs US vəːrs/ n [Date: 900-1000; Language: Old French; Origin: vers, from Latin versus 'turning, verse', from vertere 'to turn'] [C] a set of lines that forms one part of a song, poem, or a book such as the Bible or the Koran 　Let's sing the last verse again. 　Learn the first two verses of the poem by heart. 　Genesis chapter 3, verse 13 [U] words arranged in the form of poetry 　a book of comic verse in verse 　Written in verse, the play was set in the Middle Ages. شعر، نظم، بنظم آوردن ، شعر گفتن . v. şiir yazmak, koşuk biçimine koymak n. strophe; couplet; vers

Question 117

atavistic

Answer 117

adj. (Biology) pertaining to atavism (appearance of a trait belonging to a distant ancestor that has been dormant in recent generations) at·a·vis·tic /ˌætəˈvɪstɪk/ adj formal [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: atavism 'being like ancestors' (19-21 centuries), from French atavisme, from Latin atavus 'ancestor'] atavistic feelings are very basic human feelings that people have felt since humans have existed وابسته به نیاکان ، شباهت به نیاکان . adj. atalarla ilgili, atalara çeken adj. atavique, relatif à l'atavisme, qui appartient à l'atavisme e:storytelling beats with a deeply atavistic pulse

Question 118

prescient

Answer 118

adj. having foresight, able to foresee future events; having advance knowledge pre·sci·ent /ˈpresiənt US ˈpreʃənt, ˈpriː-/ adj formal [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of praescire 'to know before'] able to imagine or know what will happen in the future >prescience n [U] عالم به غیب یا آینده ، قبلا آگاه . adj. ileriyi gören, geleceği gören, önsezileri güçlü adj. prescient

Question 119

potent

Answer 119

adj. strong; influential; operational; virile, having masculine power po·tent /ˈpəutənt US ˈpou-/ adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of potere 'to be powerful'] having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind = powerful 　potent drugs 　a potent symbol of oppression 　Advertising is a potent force in showing smoking as a socially acceptable habit. 　A good company pension scheme remains a potent weapon for attracting staff. powerful and effective 　The treaty requires them to get rid of their most potent weapons. a man who is potent is able to have sex or able to make a woman pregnant ≠ impotent >potently adv قوی، پرزور، نیرومند. adj. güçlü, kuvvetli, potansiyele sahip, nüfuzlu, etkili, iktidarlı, cinsel gücü yüksek, ikna edici, inandırıcı adj. puissant; fort; viril e:Aristotle, was particularly potent in its capacity to enlist and then purge the emotions

Question 120

sulk

Answer 120

v. pout, maintain a sullen silence, express anger or resentment by refusing to speak or interact sulk1 /sʌlk/ v [I] [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: sulky] to be silently angry and refuse to be friendly or discuss what is annoying or upsetting you - used to show disapproval 　Nicola sulked all morning. sulk 2 sulk2 n [C] a time when someone is sulking in/into a sulk 　Mike could go into a sulk that would last for days. 　She's having a sulk . the sulks 　a fit of the sulks قهر، اخم، ترشروئی، بد اخمی کردن . n. somurtma, surat etme, somurtkanlık, küsme sulk 2 [sʌlk] v. somurtmak, surat asmak, surat etmek, küsmek v. s'agiter, être fâché, se taire (en colère); garder le silence e:He made his heroes sulk, bicker, cheat and cry

Question 121

perennial

Answer 121

n. something that continues for many years adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for many years; perpetual, everlasting pe·ren·ni·al1 /pəˈreniəl/ adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: perennis, from per- 'through' + annus 'year'] continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again 　Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning. 　Teddy bears are a perennial favorite with children. a plant that is perennial lives for more than two years →annual >perennially adv perennial 2 perennial2 n [C] a plant that lives for more than two years → hardy perennial همیشگی، دائمی، ابدی، جاودانی، پایا، همه ساله . n. uzun omürlü bitki, çok yıllık bitki adj. uzun ömürlü, kalıcı, sürekli n. éternel, durable adj. éternel, perpétuel, durable; perspicace