Ielts-5 Flashcards
Plump
n. loud fall, loud crash; blow, stroke, hit
v. fatten up; fluff, make plump
adj. chubby; full-figured; fattened; frank, sincere
adv. with a loud noise, with a thump
plump1 /plʌmp/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: plomp ‘dull, not sharp’]
slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way - used especially about women or children, often to avoid saying the word fat
The nurse was a cheerful plump woman.
The baby’s nice and plump.
see usage note fat 1
round and full in a way that looks attractive
plump, soft pillows
plump juicy tomatoes
>plumpness n [U] plump 2
plump2 v
[Sense: 1,4; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: PLUMP1]
[Sense: 2-3,5; Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Copying the action]
also plump up [T]
to make cushions, pillows etc rounder and softer by shaking or hitting them
plump (yourself) down
to sit down suddenly and heavily
= plonk
[T always + adverb/preposition]
to put something down suddenly and carelessly
= plonk
Plump the bags down anywhere you like.
also plump up [I and T]
if dried fruit plumps up, or if you plump it up, it becomes fatter and softer when in liquid
Soak the apricots and raisins until the fruit plumps up.
plump for / [plump for sth/sb] phr v
to choose something or someone after thinking carefully about it
Finally we plumped for a bottle of champagne.
گوشتالو، فربه ، چاق وچله ، فربه ساختن ، گوشتالو کردن ، چاق شدن ، صدای تلپ تلپ، محکم افتادن یا افکندن .
interj. pat, küt, cumburlop plump 2 [plʌmp]
n. patırtı, gümbürtü, düşme sesi
v. tombullaşmak, şişmanlatmak, semirtmek, küt diye düşmek, pat diye oturmak, küt diye bırakmak, pat diye söylemek
adj. dolgun, etli, tıknaz, tombul, etine dolgun, patavatsız, dobra, açık sözlü
adv. pat diye, küt diye, birden, patavatsızca, açıkça
n. gras, dodu,potelé
v. engraisser; arrondir
adj. dodu, potelé; grassouillet; engraissé
adv. avec un bruit lourd
rear
n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.)
v. raise, bring up; erect, construct; raise, lift, elevate; rise onto the hind legs
adj. back, hind
rear1 /rɪə US rɪr/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from rear- (in words such as rearguard)]
formal the rear
the back part of an object, vehicle, or building, or a position at the back of an object or area
≠ front at/to the rear (of sth)
a garden at the rear of the house
The hotel overlooks the river to the rear.
in the rear (of sth)
a passenger travelling in the rear of a car
[C] also rear end
informal the part of your body which you sit on
= bottom
bring up the rear
to be at the back of a line of people or in a race
Carole was left to bring up the rear. rear 2
rear2 v
[Language: Old English; Origin: rAran]
[T]
to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown
= raise
It’s a good place to rear young children.
The birds have been successfully reared in captivity.
also rear up [I]
if an animal rears, it rises up to stand on its back legs
→buck
The horse reared and threw me off.
also rear up [I]
if something rears up, it appears in front of you and often seems to be leaning over you in a threatening way
A large rock, almost 200 feet high, reared up in front of them.
be reared on sth
to be given a particular kind of food, books, entertainment etc regularly while you are a child
children reared on TV and video games
rear its ugly head
if a problem or difficult situation rears its ugly head, it appears and is impossible to ignore
The problem of drug-taking in sport has reared its ugly head again. rear 3
rear3 adj [only before noun]
at or near the back of something, especially a vehicle
≠ front
the rear door of the car
Knock at the rear entrance.
n. arka, geri, arka taraf, ters taraf, geri plân, kıç, popo, tuvalet
v. yetiştirmek, büyütmek, kaldırmak, yukarı kaldırmak, dikmek, inşa etmek, şahlanmak, yükseltmek
adj. arka, geri, arkadaki, art
n. arrière, derrière; dos; queue; fesses, derrière
v. construire; ériger; se dresser, se cabrer (cheval); relever; élever; cultiver; soulever
adj. arrière, derrière
utmost
n. greatest degree or amount, extreme limit, most possible
adj. supreme; highest, greatest, most; extreme; farthest
ut·most1 /ˈʌtməust US -moust/ adj also uttermost
[Language: Old English; Origin: utmAst ‘farthest out’, from ut ‘out’]
the utmost importance/respect/care etc
the greatest possible importance etc
a matter of the utmost importance
I’ve got the utmost respect for her accomplishments.
Baldwin treated the matter with the utmost seriousness. utmost 2
utmost2 n [singular]
the most that can be done
to the utmost
Both runners had pushed themselves to the utmost.
The medical staff did their utmost (=tried as hard as they could) to save the patient’s life.
بیشترین ، منتهای کوشش، حداکثر، دورترین .
n. son derece, son nokta, elinden gelen çaba
adj. en uzak, en son, en fazla, en yüksek, son derece, olanca
n. le plus possible; au suprême degré
adj. supérieur; extrême; dernier; le plus grand
by and large
generally, usually
affectionate
adj. loving, full of affection showing in a gentle way that you love someone and care about them = loving affectionate towards Jo is very affectionate towards her. an affectionate hug >affectionately adv adj. sevecen, şefkâtli, müşfik, seven, sevgi gösteren adj. affectueux, aimant
cuddle
n. caress; hug, embrace
v. hug closely, fondle, snuggle together
cud·dle1 /ˈkʌdl/ v [I and T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from cull, coll ‘to hug’ (14-18 centuries), from Old French coler, from col ‘neck’]
to hold someone or something very close to you with your arms around them, especially to show that you love them
→hug
Dawn and her boyfriend were cuddling on the sofa.
cuddle up phr v
to lie or sit very close to someone or something
cuddle up to/together
The children cuddled up to each other for warmth. cuddle 2
cuddle2 n [singular]
an act of cuddling someone
→hug
Come over here and let me give you a cuddle .
درآغوش گرفتن ، نوازش کردن ، در بستر راحت غنودن .
n. kucaklama, sarılma, sarılıp yatma
v. kucaklamak, sarılmak
n. caresse; embrassade; étreinte
v. serrer quelqu’un dans ses bras; caresser; se blottir, se pelotonner
abominable
adj. despicable; horrible; disgraceful
a·bom·i·na·ble /əˈbɔmɪnəbəl, -mənə- US əˈbɑː-/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin abominabilis, from abominari ‘to treat as a bad omen, abominate’, from ab- ‘away’ + omen ( OMEN)]
extremely unpleasant or of very bad quality
= terrible
abominable cruelty
>abominably adv
Mavis behaved abominably.
مکروه ، زشت، ناپسند، منفور.
adj. iğrenç, berbat, tiksindirici
adj. abominable
e: It makes collection easier and lessens the abominable rotten-trash smell
build-up
v. construct, build (something new); publicize, advertise, bring to the attention of the public, promote; intensify, strengthen, increase
build-up
n. gradual increase, increasing accumulation; act of building up an accumulation, accretion; promotion, advertising, publicity
‘build-up
n [C usually singular]
an increase over a period of time
build-up of
a heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway
a description of someone or something before an event in which you say they are very special or important
The presenter gave her a big build-up .
the length of time spent preparing an event
I was running 20 miles a week in my build-up for the race.
بالا بردن توان رزمى نيروها،نيروى کمکى تقويت نيروها،جمع کردن ذخاير
علوم نظامى : پر کردن انبار
v. kurmak, kuvvetlendirmek, artırmak, geliştirmek, övmek, göklere çıkarmak
v. fonder, construire, réhausser, réparer; affermir; développer; accumuler
cleanse
v. wash, remove dirt
cleanse /klenz/ v [T]
to make something completely clean
Use a piece of gauze to cleanse the cut.
The water is cleansed and reused.
to remove everything that is bad or immoral from a person’s character, an organization, or a place - used especially in news reports
cleanse sb/sth of sth
The mayor was elected on a promise to cleanse the city government of corruption.
→ ethnic cleansing
پاک کردن ، تمیز کردن (بمعانی.vi and .vt clean مراجعه شود)، تطهیرکردن ، تبرئه کردن .
v. temizlemek, arındırmak, iyileştirmek, tedavi etmek
v. nettoyer
creek
n. stream, brook; cove, inlet
creek /kriːk/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old Norse; Origin: kriki ‘bend’]
AmE AusE a small narrow stream or river
BrE a long narrow area of water that flows from the sea into the land
be up the creek (without a paddle)
spoken also be up shit creek (without a paddle) not polite
to be in a very difficult situation
If I don’t get my passport by Friday, I’ll be up the creek.
نهر.
n. dere; çay; koy; küçük körfez
n. crique, ruisseau; petite vallée
prone
adj. tending, apt, disposed; lying with the face down, prostrate
prone /prəun US proun/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: pronus]
likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful
prone to
Some plants are very prone to disease.
prone to do sth
Kids are all prone to eat junk food.
accident-prone/injury-prone etc
He’s always been accident-prone.
formal lying down with the front of your body facing down
= prostrate
His eyes shifted to the prone body on the floor.
>proneness n [U]
>prone adv
Jack lay prone on his bed.
متمایل، مستعد، مهیا، درازکش، دمر.
adj. yüzükoyun, başaşağı, yokuş aşağı, eğimli, meyilli, yatkın
adj. enclin, porté à; couché sur le ventre
plod
n. slow walk, labored walk
v. walk laboriously, walk heavily, trudge; work hard, persist in a task
plod /plɔd US plɑːd/ v past tense and past participle plodded present participle plodding
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: From the sound or the action]
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to walk along slowly, especially when this is difficult
plod through/up/across etc
The horse plodded up the hill.
plod on/along/back
Jake kept plodding on.
plod on/along phr v
to work slowly or make slow progress, especially in a way that is boring
For years he had plodded along in a series of boring office jobs.
آهسته ومحکم حرکت کردن ، صدای پا، زحمت کشیدن ، با زحمت کاری را انجام دادن .
v. ağır ilerlemek, ağır yürümek, zahmetle ve gayretle başarıya ulaşmak
n. marche pénible, marche lente
v. marcher lourdement; exténuer, opprimer
mandate
n. command, order; authorization granted from one body to a subordinate body; commission granted to a country to administer the affairs of a territory; mandated territory; order from a superior court to a lower court
v. grant a country the right to administer a territory; issue a command, make an official order
man·date1 /ˈmændeɪt/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: mandatum, from mandare ‘to give into someone’s hand, command’, from manus ‘hand’ + dare ‘to give’]
[C]
if a government or official has a mandate to make important decisions, they have the authority to make the decisions because they have been elected by the people to do so
mandate to do sth
The President was elected with a clear mandate to tackle violent crime.
mandate for
a popular mandate for election reform
mandate from
I sought a mandate from my constituents to oppose this tax.
have/be given a mandate
Sometimes a President thinks he has more of a mandate than he really does.
[C]
an official instruction given to a person or organization, allowing them to do something
Matters debated in meetings do not become a mandate automatically.
[U and C]
the power given to one country to govern another country mandate 2
man·date2 /mænˈdeɪt/ v [T]
formal to tell someone that they must do a particular thing
These measures were mandated by the IMF.
mandate that
Justice mandates that we should treat all candidates equally.
[usually passive]
to give someone the right or power to do something
The committee was mandated to co-ordinate measures to help Poland.
وکالت نامه ، قیمومت، حکم، فرمان ، تعهد، اختیار.
n. manda, emir, vekâlet
v. manda altına almak
n. procuration; autorisation; autorisation de contrôler une terre conquise; mandat
v. mandater; contrôler sous mandat
concomitant
adj. accompanying, concurrent, attendant, occurring together, belonging together
con·com·i·tant1 /kənˈkɔmɪtənt US -ˈkɑː-/ adj formal
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of concomitari ‘to go along with’, from comes ‘companion’]
existing or happening together, especially as a result of something
war with all its concomitant sufferings
>concomitantly adv concomitant 2
concomitant2 n [C] formal
something that often or naturally happens with something else
concomitant of
Deafness is a frequent concomitant of old age.
همراه ، ملازم، پیوسته .
adj. eşlik eden, beraberindeki concomitant 2
n. beraberinde gelen şey, doğal sonuç, olacağı
adj. concomitant
assimilate
v. incorporate, take in, absorb; adopt the cultural characteristics of another group
as·sim·i·late /əˈsɪmɪleɪt/ v
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: , past participle of assimilare, from Latin assimulare ‘to make similar’, from ad- ‘to’ + simulare ( SIMULATE)]
[T]
to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc
= absorb
It will take time to assimilate all these facts.
[I and T]
if people assimilate or are assimilated into a country or group, they become part of that group and are accepted by the people in that group
assimilate into
Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community.
as·sim·i·la·tion /əˌsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/ n
[U + of]
the process of understanding and using new ideas
[U + into]
the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group
n. asimilasyon, özümseme, özümleme, sindirim; benzeyiş, benzeşme
n. assimilation, absorption; intégration
e: reading is the assimilation of printed information
یکسان کردن ، هم جنس کردن ، شبیه ساختن ، در بدن جذب کردن ، تحلیل رفتن ، سازش کردن ، وفق دادن ، تلفیق کردن ، همانند ساختن .
v. özümlemek, sindirmek, özümsemek, benimsemek, özümsenmek, benimsenmek; benzetmek
v. assimiler; imprégner, absorber; adopter les caractéristiques culturelles d’un autre groupe ethnique, s’assimiler
cauterize
v. burn, burn with a hot iron, sear; make callous; (Medicine) treat by cauterization; stop bleeding by applying heat (also cauterise)
cau·ter·ize
also cauterise BrE /ˈkɔːtəraɪz US ˈkɔː-/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: cautériser, from Latin, from cauterium ‘cauterizing tool’, from Greek, from kaiein; CAUSTIC]
medical to treat a wound or a growth on your body by burning it with hot metal, a laser, or a chemical
داغ کردن ، داغ زدن ، سوزاندن .
v. dağlamak, yakmak
v. cautériser, brûler avec un cautère (agent chimique utilisé pour détruire un tissu)
truncate
v. shorten, cut short
trun·cate /trʌŋˈkeɪt US ˈtrʌŋkeɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of truncare, from truncus; TRUNK]
formal to make something shorter
= shorten
If the list is too long, it will be truncated by the computer.
The report is also available in a truncated version.
>truncation /trʌŋˈkeɪʃən/ n [U]
بریدن ، کوتاه کردن .بی سر کردن ، شاخه زدن ، ناقص کردن .
adj. tepesi kesik, ucu kesik truncate 2 [trun·cate || trʌŋ’keɪt]
v. ucunu kesmek, tepesini kesmek, budamak, kesmek (bilgisayar)
v. tronquer
reign
n. rule, government; period of rule, period of time that a particular government is in control
v. possess sovereign power, rule, control, govern; predominate, prevail, be widespread\
reign1 /reɪn/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: regne, from Latin regnum, from rex ‘king’]
the period when someone is king, queen, or emperor
reign of
changes that took place during Charlemagne’s reign
the reign of James I
the period when someone is in charge of an organization, team etc
during his reign at the Education Department
a period during which something is the most powerful or most important feature of a place
reign of
the reign of Stalinism in Russia
reign of terror
a period when a ruler or a government kills many of their political opponents reign 2
reign2 v [I]
to rule a nation or group of nations as their king, queen, or emperor
George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952.
reign over
Pharaohs reigned over Egypt for centuries.
literary if a feeling or quality reigns, it exists strongly for a period of time
For several minutes confusion reigned .
Silence reigned while we waited for news.
reigning champion
the most recent winner of a competition
Can he defeat the reigning Wimbledon champion?
reign supreme
if someone or something reigns supreme, they are the most important part of a situation or time
It was a time when romance reigned supreme.
سلطنت، حکمرانی، حکومت، حکمفرمائی، سلطنت یا حکمرانی کردن ، حکمفرما بودن .
n. hükümdarlık, saltanat, saltanat dönemi, egemenlik
v. hüküm sürmek, saltanat sürmek, egemen olmak
n. loi, gouvernement; règne; période de règne
v. dominer, gouverner, régner; contrôler
avert
v. prevent, avoid; turn away
a·vert /əˈvəːt US -əːrt/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: avertir, from Latin avertere, from ad- ‘to’ + vertere ‘to turn’]
to prevent something unpleasant from happening
The tragedy could have been averted if the crew had followed safety procedures.
avert your eyes/gaze etc
to look away from something so that you do not see it
Henry averted his eyes as she undressed.
برگرداندن ، گردانیدن ، دفع کردن ، گذراندن ، بیزار کردن ، بیگانه کردن ، منحرف کردن .
v. çevirmek, başka tarafa çevirmek; önlemek, gidermek
v. éviter, détourner; prévenir, avertir, empêcher; échapper à; esquiver; s’éloigner
stagger
n. reeling or tottering movement; staggered arrangement, zigzag formation
v. totter, waver, sway, wobble; astound, overwhelm; arrange in a zigzag pattern; arrange in a series of alternating intervals, schedule in different time periods
stag·ger1 /ˈstægə US -ər/ v
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: stacker ‘to stagger’ (13-19 centuries), from Old Norse stakra, from staka ‘to push’]
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to walk or move unsteadily, almost falling over
= stumble
He managed to stagger home.
She staggered back a step.
The old man staggered drunkenly to his feet.
[T]
to make someone feel very surprised or shocked
= amaze
What staggered us was the sheer size of her salary.
[I] also stagger on
to continue doing something when you seem to be going to fail and you do not know what will happen
He staggered on for another two years.
stagger from sth to sth
The company staggered from one crisis to the next.
[T]
to arrange people’s working hours, holidays etc so that they do not all begin and end at the same time
Jim and his wife stagger their work hours so one of them can be at home with the kids.
[T]
to start a race with each runner at a different place on a curved track stagger 2
stagger2 n [C usually singular]
an unsteady movement of someone who is having difficulty in walking
تلوتلو خوردن ، یله رفتن ، لنگیدن ، گیج خوردن ، بتناوب کار کردن ، متناوب، تردیدداشتن .
n. sendeleme, yalpalama, sersemleme, bocalama, çakışmayacak şekilde düzenleme, kulvar farkı
v. derecelendirmek, sendelemek, tökezlemek, yalpalamak, bocalamak, tereddüd etmek, sersemlemek, çakışmayacak şekilde düzenlemek
n. stupéfié, être bouleversé, chancelé
v. chanceler, tituber; stupéfier; bouleverser; étaler; échelonner
permute
v. switch, exchange; change order, rearrange in a new order
Pronunciation: pər-‘myüt
Function: transitive verb
Inflected Form: per·mut·ed ; per·mut·ing
Etymology: Middle English, to exchange, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French permuter, from Latin permutare, from per- + mutare to change ― more at MUTABLE
Date: 1878
: to change the order or arrangement of especially : to arrange in all possible ways
–per·mut·able -‘myü-tə-bəl\ adjective
n: permutation
پس وپیش کردن ، قلب کردن ، تغییر دادن .جایگرداندن .
f. değiş tokuş etmek, mübadele etmek, sırasını değiştirmek. permutable s. değiştirilebilir. permutably z. değiştirilebilecek şekilde.
v. permuter
hitherto
adv. until now, thus far
hith·er·to /ˌhɪðəˈtuː US -ər-/ adv formal
up to this time
a species of fish hitherto unknown in the West
adv. şimdiye kadar, bugüne kadar
adv. jusqu’ici
engulf
v. consume, swallow up, overwhelm; submerge, immerse
en·gulf /ɪnˈgʌlf/ v [T]
if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly
despair so great it threatened to engulf him
to completely surround or cover something
The building was engulfed in flames .
غرق کردن در، غوطه ورساختن ، توی چیزی فروبردن ، فراگرفتن ، خروشان کردن .
v. içine çekmek, yutmak, dalıp gitmek, yutulmak
v. avaler, engloutir; envoi par le fond
e:rivers have now turned into torrents which threaten to engulf us
locomotion
lo·co·mo·tion /ˌləukəˈməuʃən US ˌloukəˈmou-/ n [U] formal or technical
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: locus ( LOCUS) + English motion]
movement or the ability to move
حرکت، جنبش، نقل وانقال نیرو بوسیله حرکت، تحرک ، نقل وانتقال، ( مج. ) مسافرت.
n. hareket, gezi, gezme
n. locomotion, mobilité, transport d’un endroit à l’autre
e: process of locomotion for baby
strand
n. fibers or filaments twisted together to form a rope (or thread, yarn, etc.); string of pearls or beads; single fiber or filament; lock of hair; shore, beach, land alongside a body of water
v. drive up onto the shore; be driven onto the shore; leave someone in a difficult situation; be stuck in a difficult situation
strand /strænd/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Origin unknown]
a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair etc
strand of
He reached out and brushed a strand of hair away from her face.
one of the parts of a story, idea, plan etc
strand of thought/opinion/argument
Plato draws all the strands of the argument together.
Strand
Strand
the Strand
a famous street in central London where the Savoy Hotel and many theatres are
کنار دریا، کنار رود، کرانه ، بندرگاه ، رشته ، لا، لایه ، رودخانه ، مجرا، مسیر، رسیدن ، بصخره خوردن کشتی، تنها گذاشتن ، گیر افتادن ، متروک ماندن ، بهم بافتن وبصورت طناب درآوردن .
n. sahil, kıyı, halat bükümü, ip teli, iplik, saç teli, saç tutamı, boncuk dizisi, aşama
v. karaya oturtmak, başarısızlığa uğramak, karaya oturmak, bükmek (ip vb.), telini koparmak (kablo vb.)
n. tresse, frange (de chevelure ou de ficelle); rive
v. échouer; se bloquerhave
e: we have been left stranded on the floor
tactician
n. method to attain a goal; method of employing forces in combat; planning of small-scale military actions serving a larger strategy
adj. pertaining to combat tactics, pertaining to the science of employing forces in combat
tac·tic /ˈtæktɪk/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: tactica, from Greek taktika, from tassein ‘to arrange, place in battle formation’]
a method that you use to achieve something
a tactic employed to speed up the peace process
Republicans accuse Democrats of using delaying tactics (=something you do in order to give yourself more time) to prevent a final vote on the bill.
Shock tactics are being used in an attempt to stop drink drivers.
tactics [plural]
the science of arranging and moving military forces in a battle
→strong-arm tactics at strong-arm
جنگ فن ، رزم شیوه ، جنگ فنی، وابسته به رزم شیوه ، رزم آرا، ماهردرفنون جنگی، تاکتیک یا رزم آرائی.
n. tactique, manoeuvre (ensemble des moyens employés pour atteindre un objectif; art de conduire une opération militaire limitée)
adj. tactique, relatif à une manière de combats, à une manoeuvre d’action
speck
n. small spot, tiny mark; little bit, very small amount; something which appears to be small in size
v. mark with small spots, dot, speckle, fleck, stain
speck /spek/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: specca]
a very small mark, spot, or piece of something
speck of
a speck of dust
لک ، نقطه ، خال، لکه یا خال میوه ، ذره ، لکه دار کردن ، خالدار کردن .
n. benek, nokta, küçük leke, zerre
v. benek yapmak, beneklemek, leke yapmak
n. tache, point; parcelle, peu, grain
v. petite tache, petit point; grain
spring up phrv
to suddenly appear or start to exist
Fast-food restaurants are springing up all over town.
nudge
n. slight push (especially with the elbow); act of gentle persuasion
v. push slightly (especially with the elbow); prod to action by gentle pestering; move forward slowly, approach
nudge /nʌdʒ/ v
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Perhaps from a Scandinavian language]
[T]
to push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to get their attention
Jill nudged him in the ribs.
[T always + adverb/preposition]
to move something or someone a short distance by gently pushing
She nudged the glass towards me.
David nudged me out of the way.
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to move forward slowly by pushing gently
nudge your way to/through etc (sth)
I started to nudge my way to the front of the crowd.
[T always + adverb/preposition]
to gently persuade or encourage someone to take a particular decision or action
nudge sb into/towards sth
We’re trying to nudge them towards a practical solution.
[T]
to almost reach a particular level or amount
Outside the temperature was nudging 30 degrees Celsius.
>nudge n [C]
Hannah gave me a gentle nudge .
باآرنج زدن ، سقلمه ، اشاره کردن .
n. hafifçe dürtme
v. dirseklemek, hafifçe dürtmek, dürtmek, dirsekle dürtmek
n. coup de coude
v. pousser du coude; jouer des coudes
comprise
v. include; be composed of
دربرداشتن ، شامل بودن .
v. kapsamak, içermek, içine almak, ihtiva etmek; oluşmak
v. contenir, inclure, comprendre, comporter
dilate
v. expand, become wide; maker wider or larger, cause to expand
di·late /daɪˈleɪt/ v [I and T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: dilater, from Latin latus ‘wide’]
if a hollow part of your body dilates or if something dilates it, it becomes wider
≠ contract
dilated pupils
>dilation /daɪˈleɪʃən/ n [U]
dilate on/upon [dilate on/upon sth] phr v
to speak or write a lot about something
He dilated upon their heroism.
تساع دادن ، گشاد کردن ، بزرگ کردن .
v. genişletmek, genişlemek, büyütmek, açmak, açıklamak
v. dilater, se dilater
e: your pupil dilates in dark room
hop
n. small jump, short leap; (Internet) one of many nodes in a computer network through which a message in transferred on its way from one point to another; twining vine related to the Mulberry with cone-shaped flowers that are used when dried in the beer-brewing process to give the beer a bitter taste
v. make short jumps, leap small distances
hop1 /hɔp US hɑːp/ v past tense and past participle hopped present participle hopping
——————————————————————————–
1【jump】
2
3
4 hop a plane/bus/train etc
5 hop it!
6 hopping mad
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: hoppian]
【JUMP】 [I]
to move by jumping on one foot
The little girl ran off, hopping and skipping as she went.
[I]
if a bird, an insect, or a small animal hops, it moves by making quick short jumps
[I always + adverb/preposition] informal
to move somewhere quickly or suddenly
Hop in - I’ll drive you home.
Patrick hopped out of bed and quickly got dressed.
hop a plane/bus/train etc
AmE informal to get on a plane, bus, train etc, especially after suddenly deciding to do so
So we hopped a bus to Phoenix that night.
hop it!
BrE old-fashioned used to rudely tell someone to go away
hopping mad informal
very angry
= furious hop 2
hop2 n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1 catch somebody on the hop
2【jump】
3【plant】
4【flight】
5【dance】
——————————————————————————–
[Sense: 1-2, 4-5; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: HOP1]
[Sense: 3; Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: hoppe]
catch sb on the hop
to do something when someone is not expecting it and is not ready
【JUMP】
a short jump
【PLANT】
a) hops [plural]
parts of dried flowers used for making beer, which give the beer a bitter taste
b) the tall plant on which these flowers grow
【FLIGHT】
a single short journey by plane
It’s just a short hop from Cleveland to Detroit.
【DANCE】
old-fashioned a social event at which people dance
→ hip-hop
رازک ، ( درجمع ) میوه رازک رازک زدن به ، رازک بار آوردن ، ( درجمع ) آبجو، افیون ، لی لی کردن ، روی یک پاجستن ، جست وخیز کوچک کردن ، رقصیدن ، پرواز دادن ، لنگان لنگان راه رفتن ، پلکیدن .
n. sıçrama, zıplama, sekme, atlama, oynama, dans, uçuş, şerbetçiotu, bira katkı maddesi, bira, uyuşturucu
v. sekmek, sıçramak, atlamak, zıplamak, hoplamak, oynamak, dans etmek, zıplatmak, hizmet vermek, şerbetçiotu yetiştirmek, şerbetçiotu toplamak
n. houblon (botanique); sautillement, saut; (internet) hip, point d’intersection entre ordinateurs en réseau (par lequel est transmis l’information sur réseau)
v. sauter, sautiller; houblonner
indulge
v. give in to desire; take unrestrained pleasure in, wallow; yield to, satisfy; pamper, spoil; humor
in·dulge /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ v
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: indulgere]
[I and T]
to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you
indulge in
Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking.
Eva had never been one to indulge in self-pity.
indulge yourself
Even if you’re dieting, you can indulge yourself (=eat what you want) once in a while.
Ray has enough money to indulge his taste for expensive wines.
[T]
to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them
His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim.
[I]
to take part in an activity, especially an illegal one
indulge in
Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men.
مخالفت نکردن ، مخالف نبودن ، رها ساختن ، افراط کردن (دراستعمال مشروبات و غیره )، زیاده روی کردن ، شوخی کردن ، دل کسی را بدست آوردن ، نرنجاندن .
v. memnun etmek, boyun eğmek, hoşgörmek, şımartmak, yüz vermek, izin vermek, haz almak, zevk almak, tutulmak, içmek, sigara içmek
v. s’adonner à, se permettre; vouloir; gâter (quelqu’un); renoncer à; s’abandonner à; ne rien se refuser
gulp
n. act of gulping; large swallow, large mouthful
v. take a large mouthful, swallow a large amount, eat or drink rapidly; gasp, choke; suppress, hold back, choke back
gulp1 /gʌlp/ v
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from Middle Dutch gulpen ‘to swallow’]
also gulp down [T]
to swallow large quantities of food or drink quickly
= bolt
She gulped down her breakfast and ran for the bus.
[I]
to swallow suddenly because you are surprised or nervous
I gulped when I saw the bill.
also gulp in [T]
to breathe in large amounts of air quickly
We rushed outside and gulped in the sweet fresh air.
be gulping for air
to breathe in large amounts of air quickly because you do not have enough air in your body
gulp back [gulp sth⇔back] phr v
to stop yourself from expressing your feelings
Sandra tried to gulp back her tears.
قورت، جرعه ، لقمه بزرگ ، بلع، قورت دادن ، فرو بردن ، صدای حاصله از عملبلع.
n. yudum, lokma, yutma
v. küçük dilini yutmak, yutmak, yutkunmak, bastırmak, içine atmak, boğazı düğümlenmek, soluğu kesilmek
n. lampée; un coup de gosier
v. avaler; absorber avec avidité; avaler d’un trait
hudle
n. small cluster of people or animals; bunch, closely gathered mass; secret conference; group of players gathered to receive playing instructions (Football)
v. crowd together, gather together; snuggle; consult together secretly; gather into a group to receive playing instructions (Football)
روی هم ریختن ، روی هم انباشتن ، ناقص انجام دادن ، ازدحام کردن ، مخفی کردن ، درهم ریختگی، ازدحام، اجتماع افراد یک تیم، کنفرانس مخفیانه .
n. kalabalık, yığın, karışıklık
v. sürü gibi toplanmak, bir araya toplamak, toplamak, tıkıştırmak, aceleyle giyinmek
n. petit groupe, amas
v. entasser pèle-mêle
footrest
n. low stool or cushion for the feet, footstool
foot·rest /ˈfut-rest/ n [C]
something that supports your feet when you are sitting, for example a small piece of furniture or the part of a motorcycle where you put your feet
زیر پائی، جاپا.
n. ayak dayayacak yer
n. repose-pieds
sacrosanct
adj. extremely holy, consecrated, inviolable; considered or treated as holy
sac·ro·sanct /ˈsækrəusæŋkt US -rou-/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: sacrosanctus, probably from sacro sanctus ‘made holy by religious ceremonies’]
something that is sacrosanct is considered to be so important that no one is allowed to criticize or change it
= sacred
Weekends are sacrosanct in our family.
adj. çok kutsal, kutsal, yüce, dokunulmaz
adj. sacro-saint (sacré et sain)
delve
v. go down deep, explore; seek information
delve /delv/ v [I]
[Language: Old English; Origin: delfan ‘to dig’]
to try to find more information about someone or something
delve into
research that delves deeply into this issue
[always + adverb/preposition]
to search for something by putting your hand deeply into a bag, container etc
delve into/in
He delved into his pocket and brought out a notebook.
حفرکردن (زمین )، سوراخ کردن ، گودی، حفره ، کاوش کردن .
v. arayıp taramak; altüst ederek aramak
ingrain
n. fibers which are dyed before being woven
v. dye before being woven (of fiber); embed, fix firmly; instill in the mind or character
adj. embedded, firmly fixed; dyed before weaving (of fiber); patterned on both sides (of carpets)
نخ رنگی، نخی که قبلا الیاف آن رنگ شده است، خطوط و خالهای رنگارنگ کاغذ دیواری، رنگ ثابت خورده ، نبافته رنگ شده ، دیرنیه .
v. ham iken boyamak, içine işletmek, kökleştirmek
n. textile teint avant la filature
v. enraciner, noyer
adj. incrusté; imprimé; peint (tissu); réversible (tapis)
utilitarian
n. one who ascribes to utilitarianism, one who maintains that practicality and usefulness is more important beauty or other considerations
adj. practical, applicable, useful
u·til·i·tar·i·an /juːˌtɪlɪˈteəriən US -ˈter-/ adj
formal intended to be useful and practical rather than attractive or comfortable
ugly utilitarian buildings
based on a belief in utilitarianism
→ materialistic
مطلوبیت چیزی بخاطرسودمندی آن ، معتقد باصل اخلاقی سودمند گرائی، سودمندگرا.
n. faydacı kimse, yararcıl kimse
adj. yararcı, faydacı, çıkarcı, faydalı
n. utilitaire
adj. utilitaire
voracious
adj. ardently enthusiastic about a certain activity; ravenous
vo·ra·cious /vəˈreɪʃəs, vɔ- US vɔː-, və-/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: vorax, from vorare; DEVOUR]
eating or wanting large quantities of food
Pigs are voracious feeders.
Kids can have voracious appetites .
having an extremely strong desire to do or have a lot of something
a voracious reader
Her appetite for information was voracious .
>voraciously adv
Anne has always read voraciously .
>voracity /-ˈræsɪti/ n [U]
سبع، پرخور، حریص، پرولع، خیلی گرسنه .
adj. obur, açgözlü, istekli, hırslı
adj. vorace
e: voracious reader
flaw
n. defect, imperfection; crack; strong gust of wind
v. make flaws in; crack; become defective; become cracked
flaw /flɔː US flɔː/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Old Norse flaga ‘flat stone’; FLAG1]
a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect
= defect flaw in
a flaw in the software
serious/major/basic/minor etc flaw
a slight flaw in the glass
A design flaw (=a mistake or weakness in the way something was made) caused the engine to explode.
a mistake or problem in an argument, plan, set of ideas etc
flaw of
Beautiful scenery does not make up for the flaws of this film.
flaw in
There is a fundamental flaw in Walton’s argument.
fatal flaw
(=a weakness that makes something certain to fail)
a fault in someone’s character
Jealousy is Othello’s major flaw.
the former President’s character flaws
درز، رخنه ، عیب، خدشه ، عیب دار کردن ، ترک برداشتن ، تند باد، آشوب ناگهانی، کاستی.
n. özür, kusur, defo, hata, üretim hatası, noksanlık, çatlak
v. çatlatmak, yarmak, sakatlamak, zarar vermek, hasara uğratmak
n. défaut, défectuosité, imperfection; fêlure; bourrasque
v. tacher d’imperfection, vicier, être vicié
e: he was also aware of all the flaws in his work
fury
n. öfke, kızgınlık, kızma, hiddet, dargınlık; hırs
v. kızdırmak, öfkelendirmek, sinirlendirmek, darıltmak
n. anger, wrath; wildness, madness; violence
fu·ry /ˈfjuəri US ˈfjuri/ n
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: furie, from Latin furia, from furere; FUROR]
[U]
extreme, often uncontrolled anger
= rage
I was shaking with fury .
Jenny stepped forward, her eyes blazing with fury .
The report was leaked to the press, much to the president’s fury.
[singular]
a feeling of extreme anger
’Go on then!’ shouted Jamie in a fury . ‘See if I care!’
a fury of sth
a state of very busy activity or strong feeling
She was listening with such a fury of concentration that she did not notice Arthur had left.
In a fury of frustration and fear Nina bit his hand.
like fury informal
with great effort or energy
We went out and played like fury.
[U] literary
used to describe very bad weather conditions
At last the fury of the storm lessened.
Fury
one of the three snake-haired goddesses in ancient Greek stories who punished crime
→furious
غضب، غیظ، هیجان شدید وتند، خشم، درنده خوئی، روح انتقام، آشوب، اضطراب، شدت.
n. , hiddet, sinir, gazap, kızma, çılgınlık, kızgın kadın, kızgınlık, şirret kadın, yılan saçlı tanrıça, yılan saçlı üç tanrıçadan biri
n. furie, fureur; déchaînement, acharnement, folie
decipher
v. decode; interpret
de·ci·pher /dɪˈsaɪfə US -ər/ v [T]
to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand
→indecipherable
She studied the envelope, trying to decipher the handwriting.
to change a message written in a code into ordinary language so that you can read it
= decode
>decipherment n [U]
کشف رمز نمودن ، کشف کردن .گشودن سر، فاش کردن سر.
v. deşifre etmek, çözmek, şifreyi çözmek; yorumlamak
v. déchiffrer; décoder; interpréter
devour
v. prey upon, tear to pieces; gobble, consume, gorge
de·vour /dɪˈvauə US -ˈvaur/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: devorer, from Latin vorare ‘to swallow’]
to eat something quickly because you are very hungry
The boys devoured their pancakes.
to read something quickly and eagerly, or watch something with great interest
He devoured science fiction books as a teenager.
be devoured by sth
to be filled with a strong feeling that seems to control you
Cindy felt devoured by jealousy.
literary to destroy someone or something
Her body had been almost entirely devoured by the disease.
to use up all of something
a job that devours all my energy
بلعیدن ، فرو بردن ، حریصانه خوردن .
v. oburca yemek, yalayıp yutmak, bir çırpıda bitirmek, yiyip bitirmek; yakıp yok etmek
v. dévorer
wriggle
n. act of wriggling, instance of moving back and forth as a worm or snake, writhing, squirming; evasion or escape (e.g. from a difficulty)
v. twist to and fro, squirm, wiggle, worm; evade (something unpleasant); make wriggle
wrig·gle1 /ˈrɪgəl/ v
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from Middle Low German wriggeln]
[I]
to twist your body from side to side with small quick movements
Stop wriggling and let me put your T-shirt on.
wriggle under/through/into
He wriggled through the window.
The dog wriggled free and ran off.
[T]
to move a part of your body backwards and forwards with small movements
She took off her shoes and wriggled her toes.
>wriggly adj
a wriggly worm
wriggle out of [wriggle out of sth] phr v
to avoid doing something by using clever excuses
= get out of something
Don’t try to wriggle out of your responsibilities.
to take off a tight piece of clothing by twisting your body from side to side
She wriggled out of her dress. wriggle 2
wriggle2 n [C]
a movement in which you twist your body from side to side
لولیدن ، طفره زدن ، جنبانیدن ، کرم وار تکان دادن ، لول خوردن ، حرکت کرم وارکردن .
n. sallanma, yalpalama, çalkalama
v. kıvrılmak, kıvranmak, kıpırdanmak, kıpırdatmak, oynatmak, kımıldatmak, sıyrılmak, çaktırmadan halletmek
n. tortillement; s’éloigner
v. se tortiller; frétiller; s’agiter; (échapper) à un problème; tergiverser
utterly
adv. thoroughly, entirely, completely, totally
ut·ter·ly /ˈʌtəli US -ər-/ adv [+ adjective/adverb]
completely or totally
You look utterly miserable.
utter
مطلقا، کاملا، بکلی.
adv. tamamen, düpedüz, bütün bütün, sapına kadar
adv. complètement, absolument; extrême
untapped
adj. not tapped, unpumped; unutilized, not taken advantage of
un·tapped /ˌʌnˈtæpt/ adj
an untapped supply, market, or talent is available but has not yet been used
Older people are an untapped resource in the employment market.
We believe there is untapped potential.
adj. delinmemiş (fıçı), tıpası çıkarılmamış, kullanılmayan
adj. inexploité
e: utilize the vast untapped potential of his …
