Ielts-2 Flashcards
2nd group of words
Annexation
an·nex /əˈneks US əˈneks, ˈæneks/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: annexer, from Latin annectere, from ad- ‘to’ + nectere ( NEXUS)]
to take control of a country or area next to your own, especially by using force
The Baltic republics were annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940.
>annexation /ˌænekˈseɪʃən/ n [U and C]
پیوست، ضمیمه سازی، انضمام.
(i). ilhak (arazi); mülhak arazi; (huk). müsadere.
n. annexion; rattachement, rajout; extension territoriale; union, association, jonction, liaison
ending with the annexation of present-day Finland byRussiain 1809.
constitutional
con·sti·tu·tion·al1 W3 /ˌkɔnstɪˈtjuːʃənəl US ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuː-/ adj
officially allowed or limited by the system of rules of a country or organization
a constitutional right to privacy
a constitutional monarchy (=a country ruled by a king or queen whose power is limited by a constitution)
connected with the constitution of a country or organization
a constitutional crisis
constitutional reform/change/amendment
a proposal for constitutional reform
relating to someone’s health, physical ability, or character
>constitutionally adv
a constitutionally guaranteed right
He was constitutionally incapable of dealing with conflict. constitutional 2
constitutional2 n [C] old-fashioned
a walk you take because it is good for your health
قانونى ،مطابق قانون اساسى
قانون ـ فقه : اساسى
روانشناسى : سرشتى
(s)., (i). anayasa ile ilgili, anayasaya uygun; sıhhi; bünyevi, yapısal; (i). sağlık için yapılan jimnastik veya yürüyüş. constitutionally (z). anayasaya göre; mizaç itibariyle. constitutional’ity (i). anayasaya uygunluk. constitutionalism (i). meşrutiyet taraftarlığı; meşrutiyet.
n. constitutionnel
adj. constitutionnel
Sweden is aconstitutional monarchyand aparliamentarydemocracy,
Legislative
le·gis·la·tive /ˈledʒɪslətɪv US -leɪtɪv/ adj [only before noun]
concerned with making laws
legislate(V)
The new assemblies will have no legislative power .
legislative assembly/council/body etc
(=one with the power to make laws)
the main legislative body of the EC
new legislative measures to stem the flow of drugs into the US
legislative elections
قانون گذار، مقننه .
n. yasama organı
adj. yasayan, kanun yapan, yasama
n. législatif, pouvoir législatif
adj. législatif; légiféré; du corps législatif
withLegislative powervested in the 349-memberunicameralRiksdag(about Sweden)
GDP (gross domestic product) per capita
Sweden is the sixteenth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP (gross domestic product) per capit
Stock-taking
صورت بردای موجودی
Payrolls
pay·roll /ˈpeɪrəul US -roul/ n
on the payroll
if someone is on the payroll of a company, they are employed by that company
The company now has 350 people on the payroll.
[U]
the activity of managing salary payments for workers in a company
the payroll department
a computerized payroll system
[U and C]
the total amount of wages paid to all the people working in a particular company or industry
the annual payroll was $88 million
سياهه پرداخت ،ليست حقوق ،صورت پرداخت
معمارى : سياهه دستمزد
بازرگانى : ليست حقوق
n. bordro, maaş bordrosu, kadro
n. feuille de paie; récompense, masse salariale
entrepreneur
en·tre·pre·neur /ˌɔntrəprəˈnəː US ˌɑːntrəprəˈnəːr/ n [C]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: entreprendre; ENTERPRISE]
someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks
>entrepreneurial adj
کارگشا،مقدم کمپانى ،موسس شرکت ،پيش قدم درتاسيس
قانون ـ فقه : مدير يک موسسه اقتصادى بزرگ مقاطعه کار
روانشناسى : کارافرين
بازرگانى : کارفرماى اقتصادى
i. işadamı, müessese sahibi; müteşebbis kimse.
n. entrepreneur; initiateur, promoteur
figure out
figure out [figure sb/sth⇔out] phr v
to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened
figure out how/what/why etc
Can you figure out how to do it?
If I have a map, I can figure it out.
Don’t worry, we’ll figure something out (=find a way to solve the problem) .
to understand why someone behaves in the way they do
Women. I just can’t figure them out.
کشف کردن ، سنجیدن ، معین کردن ، حل کردن .
halletmek, hesaplamak, çözmek, anlamak
réfléchir; comprendre
check out
【MAKE SURE】
a) check sth⇔out
to make sure that something is actually true, correct, or acceptable
= investigate
I made a phone call to check out his address.
check something⇔out with
Check it out with your boss before you do anything.
b) if information checks out, it is proved to be true, correct, or acceptable
His credit record checks out.
【LOOK AT SOMEBODY/SOMETHING】
check sb/sth⇔out
to look at someone or something because they are interesting or attractive
If I hear about a website that sounds interesting, I check it out.
Hey, check out that car!
【GET INFORMATION】
check sb⇔out informal
to get information about someone, especially to find out if they are suitable for something
I’ll check them out as potential employers.
【HOTEL】
to leave a hotel after paying the bill
We checked out at noon.
→ checkout
【BOOKS】
check sth⇔out
AmE to borrow a book from a library
The library allows you to check out six books at a time.
çıkış yapmak, ayrılmak, kaydını kapatmak, kontrol etmek, soruşturmak, hesaplamak, öbür dünyayı boylamak, fertiği çekmek
quitter l’hôtel (régler sa note avant de quitter l’hôtel) vérifier, recouper; tenir debout (une version, une histoire); enquêter sur (de façon minutieuse); caner
conviction
con·vic·tion
W3 /kənˈvɪkʃən/ n
[C]
a very strong belief or opinion
religious/political etc convictions
a woman of strong political convictions
deep/strong conviction
The Dotens have a deep conviction that marriage is for life.
conviction that
The students possess the conviction that they can make a difference to their community.
[U]
the feeling of being sure about something and having no doubts
with/without conviction
He was able to say with conviction that he had changed.
’No,’ she said, without conviction.
It was a reasonable explanation, but his voice lacked conviction .
It took her so much effort to speak that what she said carried great conviction (=showed she felt sure of what she said) .
[U and C]
a decision in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime, or the process of proving that someone is guilty
≠ acquittal
They had no previous convictions.
Applicants are checked for criminal convictions.
conviction for
This was her third conviction for theft.
the trial and conviction of Jimmy Malone
→have the courage of your convictions at courage
محکوم يا مجرم شناخته شدن ،محکوميت ،عقيده محکم
قانون ـ فقه : محکوميت مجرميت
روانشناسى : اعتقاد راسخ
n. suçlu bulma, mahkumiyet; inanç, inanma, görüş; haklı olma, kanaat
n. condamnation; conviction, persuasion
London Bridge attacker had terror conviction
stab
stab1 /stæb/ v past tense and past participle stabbed present participle stabbing
[T]
to push a knife into someone or something
→stabbing
He was stabbed to death in a fight.
stab sb in the heart/arm etc
She had been stabbed in the chest repeatedly.
[I and T]
to make quick pushing movements with your finger or something pointed
= jab
He raised his voice and stabbed the air with his pen.
stab sb in the back
to do something that harms someone who likes and trusts you
= betray stab 2
stab2 n [C]
an act of stabbing or trying to stab someone with a knife
severe stab wounds
a stab victim
He killed him with a stab to the heart.
stab of fear/disappointment/pain etc
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or a strong emotion
He felt a stab of guilt.
stab at (doing) sth informal
an attempt to do something, often not successfully
have/make/take a stab at (doing) sth
I’ll have one more stab at it.
stab in the back
when someone you thought was a friend tries to harm you
خنجر زدن ، زخم زدن ، سوراخ کردن ، زخم چاقو، تیر کشیدن .
n. bıçaklama, saplama, saplanma, bıçak gibi saplanma, bıçak yarası
v. bıçaklamak, hançerlemek, saplamak, delmek, ihanet etmek
n. coup de couteau, coup de poignard, blessure, plaie
v. poignarder, enfoncer
immunity
im·mu·ni·ty /ɪˈmjuːnɪti/ n [U] the state or right of being protected from particular laws or from unpleasant things immunity from They were granted immunity from prosecution. the state of being immune to a disease immunity to immunity to infection immunity from immunity from smallpox مصونیت، آزادی، بخشودگی، معافیت، جواز. i. muafiyet, dokunulmazlık, masuniyet; bulaşlcı hastalığa karşı muafiyet, bağışıklık; huk. kişisel dokunulmazlık, şahsi masuniyet. diplomatic immunity diplomatik dokunulmazlık. n. immunité; exemption; privilège
No immunity for Malta journalist murder suspect
Baby boomers (also known as boomers)
Baby boomers (also known as boomers) are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation and preceding Generation X. The Baby Boom generation is most often defined as those individuals born between 1946 and 1964.[1]
In Western Europe and North America, boomers are widely associated with privilege, as many grew up during a period of increasing affluence[2] due in part to widespread post-war government subsidies in housing and education
“Get off”, “get out of” or “exit” a bus in English
?
senior citizen
someone who is over 60 years old or who is retired
n. yaşlı
n. personne âgée, personne à la retraite
Lust
lust1 /lʌst/ n
[Language: Old English;]
[U and C]
very strong sexual desire, especially when it does not include love
My feelings for Lauren were pure lust.
[singular, U]
a very strong desire to have something, usually power or money -used to show disapproval
lust for
Hitler’s lust for power
(a) lust for life
a strong determination to enjoy life as much as possible - used to show approval
the happy-go-lucky lust for life so typical of southern Italy lust 2
lust2 v
lust after/for / [lust after/for sb/sth] phr v
to be strongly sexually attracted to someone, and think about having sex with them
She had secretely lusted after him for years.
to want something very much, especially something that you do not really need
This is a car to lust after.
شهوت، هوس، حرص وآز، شهوت داشتن .
n. şehvet, seks düşkünlüğü, arzu
v. arzulu olmak, şehvetli olmak
n. désir sexuel; avidité, désir; débauche
v. désirer; être avide; désirer sexuellement
Alleged
al·lege /əˈledʒ/ v [T often passive] formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: alleguer, from Latin allegare ‘to give reasons’, from ad- ‘to’ + legare ( LEGATE)]
to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved
it is alleged (that)
It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes.
allege that
The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.
be alleged to be/do sth
The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.
اقامه کردن ،دليل اوردن ،ارائه دادن
v. iddia etmek, ileri sürmek, kanıt olarak göstermek, mazeret olarak göstermek
v. alléguer; déclarer
rucksack
ruck·sack /ˈrʌksæk/ n [C]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: ‘back sack’]
especially BrE a bag used for carrying things on your back, especially by people on long walks
= backpack
i. sırt çantası.
n. sac à dos
repel
re·pel /rɪˈpel/ v past tense and past participle repelled present participle repelling
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: repellere, from pellere ‘to drive’]
[T]
if something repels you, it is so unpleasant that you do not want to be near it, or it makes you feel ill
→repulsive
The smell repelled him.
[T]
to make someone who is attacking you go away, by fighting them
The army was ready to repel an attack.
[T]
to keep something or someone away from you
a lotion that repels mosquitoes
[I and T] technical
if two things repel each other, they push each other away with an electrical force
≠ attract
Two positive charges repel each other.
دفع کردن ، رد کردن ، نپذیرفتن ، جلوگیری کردن از، بیزار کردن ، مقابله کردن .دفع کردن .
f. defetmek, geriye atmak; püskürtmek; bağdaşmamak, uyuşmamak; reddetmek; nefret uyandırmak. repellent s., i. defedici, uzaklaştırıcı; i. haşaratlı defedici ilâç; bir çeşit sugeçmez kumaş.
v. repousser, rejeter, refuser; résister; décliner, pousser; dégoûter, répugner
bladder
blad·der /ˈblædə US -ər/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: blAdre]
the organ in your body that holds urine (=waste liquid) until it is passed out of your body
a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside a football, that can be filled with air or liquid
→ gall bladder
کیسه ، آبدان ، مثانه ، بادکنک ، پیشابدان ، کمیزدان .
i., anat mesane, kese, sidik torbası; iç lastik. air bladder zool. hava kesesi. gall bladder safra kesesi.
n. vessie; vésicule (Anatomie)
leap
1【jump】
2【move fast】
3【increase】
4 leap at the chance/opportunity
5 leap to somebody’s defence
6【heart】
Phrasal verbs
leap out at somebody
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: hleapan]
【JUMP】
a) [I always + adverb/preposition]
to jump high into the air or to jump in order to land in a different place
She leapt over the fence.
The smaller animals can easily leap from tree to tree.
b) [T] literary
to jump over something
Brenda leaped the gate and ran across the field.
【MOVE FAST】 [I always + adverb/preposition]
to move very quickly and with a lot of energy
I leapt up the stairs three at a time.
He leapt out of bed.
She leapt to her feet (=stood up quickly) and started shouting.
【INCREASE】 [I]
to increase quickly and by a large amount
≠ tumble leap to
Profits leapt to £376m.
He leapt 27 places to second spot.
leap at the chance/opportunity
to accept an opportunity very eagerly
I leapt at the chance of studying art in Paris.
leap to sb’s defence
BrE leap to somebody’s defense AmE
to quickly defend someone
When her younger brother was being bullied she leapt to his defence.
【HEART】 [I]
literary if your heart leaps, you feel a sudden surprise, happiness, or excitement
My heart leaped when I saw Paul at the airport.
→look before you leap at look 1 (12)
leap out at [leap out at sb] phr v
if a word or phrase in a piece of writing leaps out at you, you notice it particularly, because it is interesting, important etc
= jump out at leap 2
leap2 n [C]
a big jump
= bound
He threw a stick into the river and the dog went after it in a flying leap .
a large increase or change
quantum/great/huge etc leap
a quantum leap (=very great increase or change) in population levels
leap in
a 16% leap in pre-tax profits
leap forward
the huge leap forward that took place in the 1980s
by/in leaps and bounds
if something increases, develops, grows etc by leaps and bounds, it does it very quickly
Lifeboat technology has advanced by leaps and bounds.
a leap of (the) imagination also an imaginative leap
a mental process that is needed to understand something difficult or see the connection between two very different ideas
leap in the dark
something you do without knowing what will happen as a result
leap of faith
something you do even though it involves a risk, hoping that it will have a good result
جست، پرش، خیز، جستن ، دوی
جهش دن ، خیز زدن .
n. atlama, sıçrama, atılım, sekme
v. sıçramak, hoplamak, zıplamak, atlamak, atılmak, üzerinden atlamak, sekmek
n. saut, bond, sursaut
v. sauter, bondir, jaillir; faire sauter
aboriginal
ab·o·rig·i·nal1 /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒɪnəl/ adj
also Aboriginal
relating to the Australian aborigines
formal relating to the people or animals that have existed in a place or country from the earliest times
= indigenous aboriginal 2
aboriginal2 Aboriginal n [C]
an aborigine
بومی، اصلی، سکنه اولیه ، اهل یک آب و خاک .
(s), (i) asıl yerli: bir yerin en eski halkından olan (kimse).
adj. indigène, aborigène
curator
cu·ra·tor /kjuˈreɪtə US -ər/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: curare; CURE2]
someone who is in charge of a museum or zoo
He’s Curator of Prints at the Metropolitan.
کتابدار، موزه دار، نگهبان ، متصدی.
(i). müze veya kütüphane müdürü.
n. conservateur, préposé, directeur
mythical
myth·i·cal /ˈmɪθɪkəl/ adj also mythic [usually before noun]
existing only in an ancient story
a mythical creature like the Minotaur
imagined or invented
all these mythical job prospects he keeps talking about
افسانه آمیز، اسطوره ای.
adj. m
itsi, efsanevi
adj. mythique; légendaire; imaginaire; fictif
wander
1【without direction】
2【move away】
3【mind/thoughts】
4【conversation】
5 somebody’s mind is wandering
6【eyes】
7【road/river】
8【hands】
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: wandrian]
【WITHOUT DIRECTION】 [I and T]
to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or purpose
wander in/through/around etc
I’ll wander around the mall for half an hour.
She wandered aimlessly about the house.
Ana wandered off to get a drink.
He was found wandering the streets of New York.
【MOVE AWAY】 [I]
also wander off
to walk away from where you are supposed to stay
Don’t let any of the kids wander off.
【MIND/THOUGHTS】 [I]
if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you no longer pay attention to something, especially because you are bored or worried
Mrs Snell’s mind wandered and the voices went on and on.
【CONVERSATION】 [I]
to start to talk about something not related to the main subject that you were talking about before
wander from/off
Pauline started to wander from the point.
sb’s mind is wandering
used to say that someone has become unable to think clearly, especially because they are old
【EYES】 [I]
if your eyes or your gaze wanders, you look around slowly at different things or at all parts of something
His gaze wandered round the room.
【ROAD/RIVER】 [I]
if a road or a river wanders somewhere, it does not go straight but in curves
wander through/across/along
The Missouri River wanders across several states.
【HANDS】 [I]
if a man’s hands wander, he touches the body of a woman he is with, especially where she does not want him to
Be careful, he’s got wandering hands . wander 2
wander2 n [singular] BrE
a short relaxed walk
take/go for/have a wander
سرگردان بودن ، آواره بودن ، منحرف شدن چرخ زدن .
f., i. dolaşmak, gezinmek; yolu şaşırarak dolanıp durmak; yoldan çıkmak; konudan ayrılmak; sayıklamak, abuk sabuk konuşmak; içinde dolaşmak; i. dolaşma, gezinme. wanderer i. gayesizce dolaşan kimse.
v. errer, déambuler; vagabonder; marcher au hasard; s’égarer
recur
re·cur /rɪˈkəː US -əːr/ v past tense and past participle recurred present participle recurring [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: recurrere ‘to run back’, from currere ‘to run’]
if something, especially something bad or unpleasant, recurs, it happens again
There is a danger that the disease may recur.
Love is a recurring theme in the book.
recurring dream/nightmare
technical if a number or numbers after a decimal point recur, they are repeated for ever in the same order
عود کردن ، تکرار شدن ، دور زدن ، باز رخدادن .
(f.) tekrar olmak, tekrarlamak (olay, hastalık); tekrar hatırlanmak, yeniden bahis konusu olmak. recurrence (i.) tekrar vaki olma, tekerrür etme.
v. revenir; se reproduire; se renouveler; réapparaître; se reproduire (Mathématiques)
snake
snake1 S3 /sneɪk/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: snaca]
an animal with a long thin body and no legs, that often has a poisonous bite
A snake slithered across our path.
a poisonous/venomous snake
also snake in the grass
informal someone who cannot be trusted snake 2
snake2 v [I always + adverb/preposition]
if a river, road, train, or line snakes somewhere, it moves in long, twisting curves
snake along/past/down etc
The road snaked along the valley far below.
The train was snaking its way through the mountains.
n. yılan, avrupa para birimleri arasındaki dalgalanma
v. kıvrıla kıvrıla gitmek, yılan gibi gitmek
n. serpent, reptile sans pattes, au corps allongé, se déplaçant par ondulations; personne fausse, traître; furet, tige flexible utilisée pour dégorger les canalisations, tuyau qui sert à déboucher (plomberie)
v. serpent
matter
1【SUBJECT/SITUATION】
2 matters
3【MATERIAL】
4 as a matter of fact
5 what’s the matter?/something’s the matter/nothing’s the matter etc
the truth/fact of the matter is (that)
7 for that matter
8 be (quite) a different matter
9 take matters into your own hands
10 it’s only/just a matter of time
11 a matter of life and/or death
12 be a matter of opinion
13 be a matter of (personal) taste/choice/preference
14 be a matter of principle
15 be a matter of doing something
16 a matter of seconds/weeks/hours etc
17 as a matter of something
18 as a matter of interest
19 as a matter of urgency
20 as a matter of course/routine
21 no matter how/whether/what etc
22 no matter what
23 no matter
24 it’s a matter of fact (that)
25 the little/small matter of something
26 no matter that
27 reading/printed etc matter
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: matere, from Latin materia ‘matter, substance’, from mater ‘mother’]
【SUBJECT/SITUATION】 [C]
a subject or situation that you have to think about or deal with
There are more important matters we need to discuss.
It was a personal matter , and she had no intention of talking to any journalist about it.
It will be a simple matter to find her.
She held strong views on religious matters .
He consulted Landers on all matters of importance .
Safety standards in the industry have been a matter of concern for many years.
The legal arrangements for the sale are matters for negotiation .
This is a matter for the German people to decide.
The whole situation may seem funny now, but it was no laughing matter at the time.
Charles no longer loved her. That was the crux of the matter .
I decided to raise the matter with my boss.
He was too curious to let the matter drop .
There are a number of matters arising out of this.
We need to concentrate on the matter in hand .
matters [plural]
a situation that you are in or have been describing
Maybe some of these suggestions will help to improve matters.
Matters can be more easily sorted out once you get to the resort.
His long absences didn’t help matters (=made the situation worse) .
to make matters worse
(=used to say that something makes a bad situation worse)
The team has lost the last two games and, to make matters worse, two of its best players are injured.
to complicate matters further
(=used to say that something makes a complicated situation more complicated)
To complicate matters further, the law on this issue has been changed.
【MATERIAL】[U]
a) the material that everything in the universe is made of, including solids, liquids, and gases
particles of matter
b) waste/solid/organic/vegetable etc matter
a substance that consists of waste material, solid material etc
c) a yellow or white substance in wounds or next to your eye
as a matter of fact
spoken used when adding more details about what you have just said
’Have you had many visitors yet?’ ‘No, as a matter of fact you’re the first.’
I knew him when we were in college - as a matter of fact we were on the same course.
→ matter-of-fact
what’s the matter?/sth’s the matter/nothing’s the matter etc
spoken used to ask or talk about why someone seems worried, unhappy, or ill, why something about a situation seems wrong, or why a machine seems not to be working properly
What’s the matter? You look as though you’ve been crying.
’Is something the matter?’ ‘Just a headache - I’ll be fine in a minute.’
You look worried. Is there anything the matter?
What’s the matter with Bill?
What’s the matter with your eye? It looks red.
I know something’s the matter. You’re frightened of something.
Nothing’s the matter, honestly, I’m fine.
There was nothing the matter with it (=it was all right) when I lent it to him.
She had something the matter with her back.
the truth/fact of the matter is (that)
spoken used when saying what you think is really true concerning a situation
The truth of the matter is that we don’t know exactly how the disease is spread.
for that matter
used to say that what you are saying about one thing is also true about something else
Ben never touched beer, or any kind of alcohol for that matter.
He’s an artist who has never been as well-known here, or for that matter as well-respected, as he has been in the USA.
be (quite) a different matter also be (quite) another matter
especially BrE used to say that a situation or action is very different from the one you have just mentioned, and may not be as easy, pleasant etc
She didn’t mind seeing him in a group but an intimate dinner in a restaurant was another matter altogether.
take matters into your own hands
to deal with a problem yourself because other people have failed to deal with it
Local people took matters into their own hands and hired their own security guards.
it’s only/just a matter of time
used to say that something will definitely happen in the future
It can only be a matter of time before someone is seriously injured.
a matter of life and/or death
a situation that is extremely serious or important, especially one in which someone could die
The quality of the ambulance service is a matter of life and death.
Can’t it wait? It’s hardly a matter of life or death, is it?
be a matter of opinion
used to say that people have different opinions about something, especially when you yourself have a negative opinion
Whether or not he is any good as a manager is a matter of opinion.
be a matter of (personal) taste/choice/preference
used to say that different people like different things
I can’t say which wine is best - it’s a matter of personal taste.
be a matter of principle
to be something that you feel you must or must not do, because of your moral principles
She couldn’t take the money. It was a matter of principle.
be a matter of doing sth
used to say that an action involves doing something
be simply/largely/merely etc a matter of doing sth
Reducing the number of road deaths is not simply a matter of improving roads.
a matter of seconds/weeks/hours etc
only a few seconds, weeks etc
The ambulance arrived in a matter of minutes.
The bullet missed his head by a matter of inches.
as a matter of sth
because of a particular belief or quality
He invited her as a matter of courtesy.
As a matter of fairness, he should be allowed to give his version of events.
as a matter of interest
BrE spoken used when you ask or tell someone something that interests you but is not important
Just as a matter of interest, which school did you go to?
as a matter of urgency
if something is done or should be done as a matter of urgency, it is done or should be done very soon
That procedure should be streamlined as a matter of urgency.
as a matter of course/routine
if something is done as a matter of course or routine, it is the correct and usual thing to do in a particular situation
We will contact your former employer as a matter of course.
no matter how/whether/what etc also no matter the …
used to say that something is true or that something happens whatever the situation is
Feeding a baby is a messy job no matter how careful you are.
I’m determined to visit Japan no matter what it costs.
He visited her every day no matter the weather.
no matter what
spoken used to say that you will definitely do something
I’ll call you tonight, no matter what.
no matter
spoken formal or old-fashioned used to say that something is not important and will not affect a situation
’I’m afraid I forgot to bring a towel.’ ‘No matter, I’ve got one you can borrow.’
it’s a matter of fact (that)
used to say that something is a fact
It’s a matter of fact that the team have not performed as well this season.
the little/small matter of sth
spoken something that is not important or not difficult - used when you really think something is important or difficult
He seemed unworried by the small matter of the war that was in progress.
There’s the small matter of tonight’s game if we are to reach the finals.
no matter that
used to say that something is not important and will not affect a situation
I would always be an outsider here - no matter that I spoke fluent Spanish.
reading/printed etc matter
things that are written for people to read
As well as textbooks and other printed matter, courses may include video and audio cassettes.
→ grey matter, subject matter
→not mince matters at mince 1 (3)
→mind over matter at mind 1 (43)
——————————————————————————–
COLLOCATES for sense 1
a serious/important matter
a personal/private matter
a simple/easy matter (=something that is easy to do)
financial/legal/political/religious matters
a matter of importance
a matter of/for concern
a matter for discussion/negotiation/consideration etc
be a matter for somebody (to decide) (=be something that a particular person should deal with)
be no laughing matter (=something very serious)
the heart/crux of the matter (=the most important part of something)
raise a matter with somebody (=discuss something with someone)
let the matter rest/drop (=decide to stop worrying about something)
matters arising from/out of something (=things that come from or are connected with a particular event)
the matter at hand/in hand (=the thing you are dealing with now)
——————————————————————————–
matter 2
matter2 W3S1 v
[I not in progressive]
to be important, especially to be important to you, or to have an effect on what happens
it doesn’t etc matter if
Will it matter if I’m a little late?
If I have to stay late at work tonight, it won’t matter because we can go out another night.
it doesn’t etc matter who/why/what etc
It doesn’t matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.
Does it matter what I think?
it doesn’t etc matter that
It does not matter that the gun was in fact unloaded.
Do you think it matters that the cups and saucers don’t match?
it doesn’t matter about sth
Just give me $5 - it doesn’t matter about the rest.
matter to
He had lost many of the people who mattered to him.
matter a lot/a great deal
It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.
not matter much/matter little
I don’t think it matters much what you study.
campaigning on issues that really matter
all that matters/the only thing that matters
All that matters is that you’re safe.
Money was the only thing that mattered to him.
I don’t care what it looks like - what matters is that it works.
At last she was with the man she loved and nothing else mattered .
She said very little during the meal. Not that it mattered (=it was not important) .
it doesn’t matter
spoken a) used to tell someone that you are not angry or upset about something, especially something that they have done
’I’ve spilled some coffee on the carpet.’ ‘It doesn’t matter.’
b) used to say that you do not mind which one of two things you have
’Red or white wine?’ ‘Oh, either. It doesn’t matter.’
what does it matter?
spoken used to say that something is not important
It all happened so long ago now, what does it matter?
What does it matter how old I am?
ماده ، جسم، ذات، ماهیت، جوهر، موضوع، امر، مطلب، چیز، اهمیت، مهم بودن ، اهمیت داشتن .
n. madde, cisim, husus, şey, konu, mesele, önem, öz, iltihap, cerahat, irin
v. önemi olmak, önemli olmak, iltihaplanmak
n. matière, question, affaire, chose; fond, substance
v. avoir de l’importance, importer, être significatif
the crux
Charles no longer loved her. That was the crux of the matter
اصل مطلب، مسئله مهم
n. le coeur du problème, point capital, point crucial; l’essentiel de la difficulté
foreground
fore·ground /ˈfɔːgraund US ˈfɔːr-/ n
the foreground
the part of the view in a picture or a photograph that is closest to you when you are looking at it
≠ background
There were three figures in the foreground.
be in the foreground
to be regarded as important and receive a lot of attention
Education has been very much in the foreground recently.
پیشصحن .پیش نما، نزدیک نما ( در برابر دور نما )، منظره جلو عکس، زمین جلو عمارت.
n. premier plan, partie antérieure ; premier plan
sill
sill /sɪl/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: syll]
the narrow shelf at the base of a window frame
the part of a car frame at the bottom of the doors
cill) آستانه ، پایه ، تیر پایه ، آستانه در، گسله بستری، دارای آستانه یاپایه نمودن .
n. eşik, pervaz, kapı eşiği, taban, kaya yatağına paralel volkanik kaya tabakası
n. rebord de la fenêtre, seuil; bas de marche
scour
scour /skauə US skaur/ v [T]
[Sense: 1; Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language.]
[Sense: 2-3; Date: 1100-1200; Origin: Probably from Middle Dutch schuren, from Old French escurer, from Late Latin excurare ‘to clean off’, from Latin cura ‘care’]
to search very carefully and thoroughly through an area, a document etc
scour sth for sth
Her family began to scour the countryside for a suitable house.
also scour out
to clean something very thoroughly by rubbing it with a rough material
= scrub
Ada was scouring out the pans.
also scour out
to form a hole by continuous movement over a long period
Over the years, the stream had scoured out a round pool in the rock.
پاک کردن ، شستن ، صابون زدن ، صیقلی کردن ، تطهیر کردن ، پرداخت کردن ، زدودن ، تکاپوکردن ، جستجو کردن .
v. ovmak, ovarak temizlemek, bol suyla yıkamak, fırçalamak, koşmak, koşuşturmak, acele etmek, köşe bucak aramak
n. récuration; frottement; décapage; nettoyage; lessivage; parcours; fouille; diarrhée (Médical)
v. récurer; frotter; décaper; battre, parcourir; creuser; éroder
scouring pads in kitchen
filthy
filth·y1 S3 /ˈfɪlθi/ adj comparative filthier superlative filthiest
very dirty
The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.
showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way
filthy language/story/joke etc
Your problem is you’ve got a filthy mind (=you are always thinking about sex) .
showing anger or annoyance
filthy mood/temper
Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.
She gave him a filthy look .
filthy weather/night/day
the weather, a night etc that is very cold and wet
It’s a filthy night to be out. filthy 2
filthy2 adv informal
filthy dirty
very dirty
filthy rich
very rich - usually used to say you think someone has too much money
چرکین ، کثیف، پلید
adj. pis, kirli, açık saçık, müstehcen, iğrenç
adj. sale, malpropre, souillé; gros, abominable, répugnant, dégoûtant; abondant (Argot)
filthy kitchen
scrub
scrub1 /skrʌb/ v past tense and past participle scrubbed present participle scrubbing
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Low German; Origin: or a Scandinavian language]
[I and T]
to rub something hard, especially with a stiff brush, in order to clean it
She was on her hands and knees scrubbing the floor.
He scrubbed the dirt off his boots.
The table needs to be scrubbed clean .
scrub at
She scrubbed at her face with a tissue.
→ clean
[T] informal
to decide not to do something that you had planned
= cancel
We scrubbed the idea in the end.
scrub out [scrub sth⇔out] phr v
to clean the inside of a place thoroughly
The rooms are all scrubbed out once a week.
scrub up phr v
to wash your hands and arms before doing a medical operation
درخت یابوته کوتاه ورشد نکرده ، زمین پوشیده از خاروخاشاک وغیر قابل عبور، خارستان تیغستان ، آدم گمنام، مالش، سایش، تمیز کاری، ضد عفونی برای عمل جراحی، مالیدن ، خراشیدن ، تمیز کردن ، ستردن .
n. ovma, ovalama, fırçalama, fırça, fırça bıyık, çalılık, fundalık, maki ormanı, bodur hayvan, bodur, cüce, takıma alınmayan oyuncu, ikinci takım
v. fırçalamak, ovmak, ovalamak, fırça ile ovmak, yıkamak, iptal etmek, ertelemek
n. broussaille, fourré; polissage, frottement, grattage, lavage; inférieur; arbre minuscule
v. frotter, gratter, étriller; laver, nettoyer
adj. nain; miniature; inférieur; de peu de valeur; minime; couvert de broussailles
wipe
1【clean/rub】
2【remove dirt】
3【computer/tape】
4 wipe something from your mind/memory
5 wipe the floor with somebody
6 wipe the slate clean
7 wipe the smile/grin off somebody’s face
8 wipe something off the face of the earth/wipe something off the map
9【plates/cups etc】
Phrasal verbs
wipe something⇔away
wipe something⇔down
wipe something off something
wipe out
wipe something⇔up
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: wipian]
【CLEAN/RUB】 [T]
a) to rub a surface with something in order to remove dirt, liquid etc
wipe sth with sth
Wipe the table with a damp cloth.
Bill wiped his eyes (=wiped the tears from his face) and apologized.
He pulled a handkerchief from his pocket and wiped his nose .
b) to clean something by rubbing it against a surface
wipe sth on sth
He wiped his mouth on the back of his hand.
【REMOVE DIRT】 [T always + adverb/preposition]
to remove liquid, dirt, or marks by wiping
wipe sth off/from etc sth
Kim wiped the sweat from her face.
【COMPUTER/TAPE】 [T]
to remove all the information that is stored on a tape, video, or computer disk
wipe sth from your mind/memory
to try to forget an unpleasant experience
wipe the floor with sb informal
to defeat someone completely in a competition or argument
wipe the slate clean
to agree to forget about mistakes or arguments that happened in the past
wipe the smile/grin off sb’s face informal
to make someone feel less happy or confident, especially someone who is annoying because they think they are clever
Tell him how much it’ll cost - that should wipe the smile off his face!
wipe sth off the face of the earth/wipe sth off the map
to destroy something completely
Another few years and this species could be wiped off the face of the earth.
【PLATES/CUPS ETC】 [I and T]
to dry plates, cups etc that have been washed
= dry
You wash, I’ll wipe.
wipe away [wipe sth⇔away] phr v
to stop something existing
A frown quickly wiped away her smile.
wipe down [wipe sth⇔down] phr v
to completely clean a surface using a wet cloth
wipe off [wipe sth off sth] phr v
to reduce the value of shares or prices by a particular amount
Nearly £7 billion has been wiped off share prices worldwide.
wipe out phr v
wipe sb/sth⇔out
to destroy, remove, or get rid of something completely
Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.
Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past.
wipe sb⇔out informal
to make you feel extremely tired
The heat had wiped us out.
→ wiped out
AmE to fall or hit another object when driving a car, riding a bicycle etc
wipe up [wipe sth⇔up] phr v
to remove liquid from a surface using a cloth
I hastily wiped up the milk I had spilled.
پاک کردن ، خشک کردن ، بوسیله مالش پاک کردن ، از میان بردن ، زدودن n. silme, temizleme, vuruş, tokat, kafa bulma, alay, dalga geçme
v. silmek, kurulamak
n. coup de torchon, nettoyer;dessert; effacer; frotter; stériliser; essuie tout; coup; reproche
v. essuyer; nettoyer; effacer; frotter
picky
pick·y /ˈpɪki/ adj informal
someone who is picky only likes particular things and not others, and so is not easy to please
He’s a very picky eater .
adj. seçici, zor beğenir, titiz, müşkülpesent, mızmız, ince eleyip sık dokuyan
adj. difficile; délicat; sélectif
mentor
men·tor /ˈmentɔː US -tɔːr/ n [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Mentor, adviser of Odysseus’s son Telemachus in the ancient Greek Odyssey by Homer]
an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person
ناصح ،مربى ،مرشد
n. akıl hocası, danışman
n. mentor, maître spirituel, maître à penser
humor
hu·mour1 BrE humor AmE /ˈhjuːmə US ˈhjuːmər, ˈjuː-/ n [U]
the ability or tendency to think that things are funny, or funny things you say that show you have this ability
his humour and charm
Greg’s feeble attempt at humour
English humour
It’s vital to have a sense of humor in this job.
The host puts the contestants at ease with his own brand of humour .
He showed flashes of humor that delighted the audience.
the quality in something that makes it funny and makes people laugh
He failed to see the humour of the situation.
in a good/an ill/a bad humour
formal in a good or bad mood
He was in a good humour this morning.
→ good humour
out of humour
BrE old-fashioned in a bad mood
——————————————————————————–
COLLOCATES for sense 1
sense of humour
somebody’s brand of humour
black humour (=jokes, funny stories etc about the unpleasant parts of life)
schoolboy humour (=jokes, funny stories etc that are silly and rude but not offensive)
dry/deadpan humour (=when someone pretends to be serious when they are really joking)
wry humour (=when someone jokes about something bad or difficult)
a flash/trace/touch of humour (=a small amount of humour)
——————————————————————————–
humour 2
humour2 BrE humor AmE v [T]
to do what someone wants or to pretend to agree with them so that they do not become upset
’Of course,’ he said, humouring her.
humour)مشرب، خیال، مزاح، خلق، شوخی، خوشمزگی، خوشی دادن ، راضی نگاهداشتن ، ( طب) خلط، تنابه .
n. mizah, güldürü, espri, espri anlayışı, şaka, mizaç, huy, ruh hali, keyif, neşe, salgı humor 2
v. memnun etmek, hoşuna gitmek, suyuna gitmek, ayak uydurmak, alttan almak
n. humeur, disposition; humour, capacité d’apprécier qqch d’amusant, état d’esprit, tempérament
v. câliner; donner de la bonne humeur
If one tends to be a humorous person and you have a sense of humor the rest of your life then you can certainly lighten the load
