Ielts-2 Flashcards

Question

wander

Answer 1

wan·der1 S3 /ˈwɔndə US ˈwɑːndər/ v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【without direction】 2【move away】 3【mind/thoughts】 4【conversation】 5 somebody's mind is wandering 6【eyes】 7【road/river】 8【hands】 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Language: Old English; Origin: wandrian] 【WITHOUT DIRECTION】 [I and T] to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or purpose wander in/through/around etc 　I'll wander around the mall for half an hour. 　She wandered aimlessly about the house. 　Ana wandered off to get a drink. 　He was found wandering the streets of New York. 【MOVE AWAY】 [I] also wander off to walk away from where you are supposed to stay 　Don't let any of the kids wander off. 【MIND/THOUGHTS】 [I] if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you no longer pay attention to something, especially because you are bored or worried 　Mrs Snell's mind wandered and the voices went on and on. 【CONVERSATION】 [I] to start to talk about something not related to the main subject that you were talking about before wander from/off 　Pauline started to wander from the point. sb's mind is wandering used to say that someone has become unable to think clearly, especially because they are old 【EYES】 [I] if your eyes or your gaze wanders, you look around slowly at different things or at all parts of something 　His gaze wandered round the room. 【ROAD/RIVER】 [I] if a road or a river wanders somewhere, it does not go straight but in curves wander through/across/along 　The Missouri River wanders across several states. 【HANDS】 [I] if a man's hands wander, he touches the body of a woman he is with, especially where she does not want him to 　Be careful, he's got wandering hands . wander 2 wander2 n [singular] BrE a short relaxed walk take/go for/have a wander سرگردان بودن ، آواره بودن ، منحرف شدن چرخ زدن . f., i. dolaşmak, gezinmek; yolu şaşırarak dolanıp durmak; yoldan çıkmak; konudan ayrılmak; sayıklamak, abuk sabuk konuşmak; içinde dolaşmak; i. dolaşma, gezinme. wanderer i. gayesizce dolaşan kimse. v. errer, déambuler; vagabonder; marcher au hasard; s'égarer

Answer 2

re·cur /rɪˈkəː US -əːr/ v past tense and past participle recurred present participle recurring [I] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: recurrere 'to run back', from currere 'to run'] if something, especially something bad or unpleasant, recurs, it happens again 　There is a danger that the disease may recur. 　Love is a recurring theme in the book. recurring dream/nightmare technical if a number or numbers after a decimal point recur, they are repeated for ever in the same order عود کردن ، تکرار شدن ، دور زدن ، باز رخدادن . (f.) tekrar olmak, tekrarlamak (olay, hastalık); tekrar hatırlanmak, yeniden bahis konusu olmak. recurrence (i.) tekrar vaki olma, tekerrür etme. v. revenir; se reproduire; se renouveler; réapparaître; se reproduire (Mathématiques)

Answer 3

snake1 S3 /sneɪk/ n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: snaca] an animal with a long thin body and no legs, that often has a poisonous bite 　A snake slithered across our path. a poisonous/venomous snake also snake in the grass informal someone who cannot be trusted snake 2 snake2 v [I always + adverb/preposition] if a river, road, train, or line snakes somewhere, it moves in long, twisting curves snake along/past/down etc 　The road snaked along the valley far below. 　The train was snaking its way through the mountains. n. yılan, avrupa para birimleri arasındaki dalgalanma v. kıvrıla kıvrıla gitmek, yılan gibi gitmek n. serpent, reptile sans pattes, au corps allongé, se déplaçant par ondulations; personne fausse, traître; furet, tige flexible utilisée pour dégorger les canalisations, tuyau qui sert à déboucher (plomberie) v. serpent

Answer 4

mat·ter1 W1S1 /ˈmætə US -ər/ n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【SUBJECT/SITUATION】 2 matters 3【MATERIAL】 4 as a matter of fact 5 what's the matter?/something's the matter/nothing's the matter etc the truth/fact of the matter is (that) 7 for that matter 8 be (quite) a different matter 9 take matters into your own hands 10 it's only/just a matter of time 11 a matter of life and/or death 12 be a matter of opinion 13 be a matter of (personal) taste/choice/preference 14 be a matter of principle 15 be a matter of doing something 16 a matter of seconds/weeks/hours etc 17 as a matter of something 18 as a matter of interest 19 as a matter of urgency 20 as a matter of course/routine 21 no matter how/whether/what etc 22 no matter what 23 no matter 24 it's a matter of fact (that) 25 the little/small matter of something 26 no matter that 27 reading/printed etc matter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: matere, from Latin materia 'matter, substance', from mater 'mother'] 【SUBJECT/SITUATION】 [C] a subject or situation that you have to think about or deal with 　There are more important matters we need to discuss. 　It was a personal matter , and she had no intention of talking to any journalist about it. 　It will be a simple matter to find her. 　She held strong views on religious matters . 　He consulted Landers on all matters of importance . 　Safety standards in the industry have been a matter of concern for many years. 　The legal arrangements for the sale are matters for negotiation . 　This is a matter for the German people to decide. 　The whole situation may seem funny now, but it was no laughing matter at the time. 　Charles no longer loved her. That was the crux of the matter . 　I decided to raise the matter with my boss. 　He was too curious to let the matter drop . 　There are a number of matters arising out of this. 　We need to concentrate on the matter in hand . matters [plural] a situation that you are in or have been describing 　Maybe some of these suggestions will help to improve matters. 　Matters can be more easily sorted out once you get to the resort. 　His long absences didn't help matters (=made the situation worse) . to make matters worse (=used to say that something makes a bad situation worse) 　The team has lost the last two games and, to make matters worse, two of its best players are injured. to complicate matters further (=used to say that something makes a complicated situation more complicated) 　To complicate matters further, the law on this issue has been changed. 【MATERIAL】[U] a) the material that everything in the universe is made of, including solids, liquids, and gases 　particles of matter b) waste/solid/organic/vegetable etc matter a substance that consists of waste material, solid material etc c) a yellow or white substance in wounds or next to your eye as a matter of fact spoken used when adding more details about what you have just said 　'Have you had many visitors yet?' 'No, as a matter of fact you're the first.' 　I knew him when we were in college - as a matter of fact we were on the same course. → matter-of-fact what's the matter?/sth's the matter/nothing's the matter etc spoken used to ask or talk about why someone seems worried, unhappy, or ill, why something about a situation seems wrong, or why a machine seems not to be working properly 　What's the matter? You look as though you've been crying. 　'Is something the matter?' 'Just a headache - I'll be fine in a minute.' 　You look worried. Is there anything the matter? 　What's the matter with Bill? 　What's the matter with your eye? It looks red. 　I know something's the matter. You're frightened of something. 　Nothing's the matter, honestly, I'm fine. 　There was nothing the matter with it (=it was all right) when I lent it to him. 　She had something the matter with her back. the truth/fact of the matter is (that) spoken used when saying what you think is really true concerning a situation 　The truth of the matter is that we don't know exactly how the disease is spread. for that matter used to say that what you are saying about one thing is also true about something else 　Ben never touched beer, or any kind of alcohol for that matter. 　He's an artist who has never been as well-known here, or for that matter as well-respected, as he has been in the USA. be (quite) a different matter also be (quite) another matter especially BrE used to say that a situation or action is very different from the one you have just mentioned, and may not be as easy, pleasant etc 　She didn't mind seeing him in a group but an intimate dinner in a restaurant was another matter altogether. take matters into your own hands to deal with a problem yourself because other people have failed to deal with it 　Local people took matters into their own hands and hired their own security guards. it's only/just a matter of time used to say that something will definitely happen in the future 　It can only be a matter of time before someone is seriously injured. a matter of life and/or death a situation that is extremely serious or important, especially one in which someone could die 　The quality of the ambulance service is a matter of life and death. 　Can't it wait? It's hardly a matter of life or death, is it? be a matter of opinion used to say that people have different opinions about something, especially when you yourself have a negative opinion 　Whether or not he is any good as a manager is a matter of opinion. be a matter of (personal) taste/choice/preference used to say that different people like different things 　I can't say which wine is best - it's a matter of personal taste. be a matter of principle to be something that you feel you must or must not do, because of your moral principles 　She couldn't take the money. It was a matter of principle. be a matter of doing sth used to say that an action involves doing something be simply/largely/merely etc a matter of doing sth 　Reducing the number of road deaths is not simply a matter of improving roads. a matter of seconds/weeks/hours etc only a few seconds, weeks etc 　The ambulance arrived in a matter of minutes. 　The bullet missed his head by a matter of inches. as a matter of sth because of a particular belief or quality 　He invited her as a matter of courtesy. 　As a matter of fairness, he should be allowed to give his version of events. as a matter of interest BrE spoken used when you ask or tell someone something that interests you but is not important 　Just as a matter of interest, which school did you go to? as a matter of urgency if something is done or should be done as a matter of urgency, it is done or should be done very soon 　That procedure should be streamlined as a matter of urgency. as a matter of course/routine if something is done as a matter of course or routine, it is the correct and usual thing to do in a particular situation 　We will contact your former employer as a matter of course. no matter how/whether/what etc also no matter the ... used to say that something is true or that something happens whatever the situation is 　Feeding a baby is a messy job no matter how careful you are. 　I'm determined to visit Japan no matter what it costs. 　He visited her every day no matter the weather. no matter what spoken used to say that you will definitely do something 　I'll call you tonight, no matter what. no matter spoken formal or old-fashioned used to say that something is not important and will not affect a situation 　'I'm afraid I forgot to bring a towel.' 'No matter, I've got one you can borrow.' it's a matter of fact (that) used to say that something is a fact 　It's a matter of fact that the team have not performed as well this season. the little/small matter of sth spoken something that is not important or not difficult - used when you really think something is important or difficult 　He seemed unworried by the small matter of the war that was in progress. 　There's the small matter of tonight's game if we are to reach the finals. no matter that used to say that something is not important and will not affect a situation 　I would always be an outsider here - no matter that I spoke fluent Spanish. reading/printed etc matter things that are written for people to read 　As well as textbooks and other printed matter, courses may include video and audio cassettes. → grey matter, subject matter →not mince matters at mince 1 (3) →mind over matter at mind 1 (43) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COLLOCATES for sense 1 a serious/important matter a personal/private matter a simple/easy matter (=something that is easy to do) financial/legal/political/religious matters a matter of importance a matter of/for concern a matter for discussion/negotiation/consideration etc be a matter for somebody (to decide) (=be something that a particular person should deal with) be no laughing matter (=something very serious) the heart/crux of the matter (=the most important part of something) raise a matter with somebody (=discuss something with someone) let the matter rest/drop (=decide to stop worrying about something) matters arising from/out of something (=things that come from or are connected with a particular event) the matter at hand/in hand (=the thing you are dealing with now) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- matter 2 matter2 W3S1 v [I not in progressive] to be important, especially to be important to you, or to have an effect on what happens it doesn't etc matter if 　Will it matter if I'm a little late? 　If I have to stay late at work tonight, it won't matter because we can go out another night. it doesn't etc matter who/why/what etc 　It doesn't matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy. 　Does it matter what I think? it doesn't etc matter that 　It does not matter that the gun was in fact unloaded. 　Do you think it matters that the cups and saucers don't match? it doesn't matter about sth 　Just give me $5 - it doesn't matter about the rest. matter to 　He had lost many of the people who mattered to him. matter a lot/a great deal 　It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her. not matter much/matter little 　I don't think it matters much what you study. 　campaigning on issues that really matter all that matters/the only thing that matters 　All that matters is that you're safe. 　Money was the only thing that mattered to him. 　I don't care what it looks like - what matters is that it works. 　At last she was with the man she loved and nothing else mattered . 　She said very little during the meal. Not that it mattered (=it was not important) . it doesn't matter spoken a) used to tell someone that you are not angry or upset about something, especially something that they have done 　'I've spilled some coffee on the carpet.' 'It doesn't matter.' b) used to say that you do not mind which one of two things you have 　'Red or white wine?' 'Oh, either. It doesn't matter.' what does it matter? spoken used to say that something is not important 　It all happened so long ago now, what does it matter? 　What does it matter how old I am? ماده ، جسم، ذات، ماهیت، جوهر، موضوع، امر، مطلب، چیز، اهمیت، مهم بودن ، اهمیت داشتن . n. madde, cisim, husus, şey, konu, mesele, önem, öz, iltihap, cerahat, irin v. önemi olmak, önemli olmak, iltihaplanmak n. matière, question, affaire, chose; fond, substance v. avoir de l'importance, importer, être significatif

Answer 5

Charles no longer loved her. That was the crux of the matter اصل مطلب، مسئله مهم n. le coeur du problème, point capital, point crucial; l'essentiel de la difficulté

Answer 6

fore·ground /ˈfɔːgraund US ˈfɔːr-/ n the foreground the part of the view in a picture or a photograph that is closest to you when you are looking at it ≠ background 　There were three figures in the foreground. be in the foreground to be regarded as important and receive a lot of attention 　Education has been very much in the foreground recently. پیشصحن .پیش نما، نزدیک نما ( در برابر دور نما )، منظره جلو عکس، زمین جلو عمارت. n. premier plan, partie antérieure ; premier plan

Answer 7

sill /sɪl/ n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: syll] the narrow shelf at the base of a window frame the part of a car frame at the bottom of the doors cill) آستانه ، پایه ، تیر پایه ، آستانه در، گسله بستری، دارای آستانه یاپایه نمودن . n. eşik, pervaz, kapı eşiği, taban, kaya yatağına paralel volkanik kaya tabakası n. rebord de la fenêtre, seuil; bas de marche

Answer 8

scour /skauə US skaur/ v [T] [Sense: 1; Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language.] [Sense: 2-3; Date: 1100-1200; Origin: Probably from Middle Dutch schuren, from Old French escurer, from Late Latin excurare 'to clean off', from Latin cura 'care'] to search very carefully and thoroughly through an area, a document etc scour sth for sth 　Her family began to scour the countryside for a suitable house. also scour out to clean something very thoroughly by rubbing it with a rough material = scrub 　Ada was scouring out the pans. also scour out to form a hole by continuous movement over a long period 　Over the years, the stream had scoured out a round pool in the rock. پاک کردن ، شستن ، صابون زدن ، صیقلی کردن ، تطهیر کردن ، پرداخت کردن ، زدودن ، تکاپوکردن ، جستجو کردن . v. ovmak, ovarak temizlemek, bol suyla yıkamak, fırçalamak, koşmak, koşuşturmak, acele etmek, köşe bucak aramak n. récuration; frottement; décapage; nettoyage; lessivage; parcours; fouille; diarrhée (Médical) v. récurer; frotter; décaper; battre, parcourir; creuser; éroder scouring pads in kitchen

Answer 9

filth·y1 S3 /ˈfɪlθi/ adj comparative filthier superlative filthiest very dirty 　The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere. showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way filthy language/story/joke etc 　Your problem is you've got a filthy mind (=you are always thinking about sex) . showing anger or annoyance filthy mood/temper 　Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper. 　She gave him a filthy look . filthy weather/night/day the weather, a night etc that is very cold and wet 　It's a filthy night to be out. filthy 2 filthy2 adv informal filthy dirty very dirty filthy rich very rich - usually used to say you think someone has too much money چرکین ، کثیف، پلید adj. pis, kirli, açık saçık, müstehcen, iğrenç adj. sale, malpropre, souillé; gros, abominable, répugnant, dégoûtant; abondant (Argot) filthy kitchen

Answer 10

scrub1 /skrʌb/ v past tense and past participle scrubbed present participle scrubbing [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Low German; Origin: or a Scandinavian language] [I and T] to rub something hard, especially with a stiff brush, in order to clean it 　She was on her hands and knees scrubbing the floor. 　He scrubbed the dirt off his boots. 　The table needs to be scrubbed clean . scrub at 　She scrubbed at her face with a tissue. → clean [T] informal to decide not to do something that you had planned = cancel 　We scrubbed the idea in the end. scrub out [scrub sth⇔out] phr v to clean the inside of a place thoroughly 　The rooms are all scrubbed out once a week. scrub up phr v to wash your hands and arms before doing a medical operation درخت یابوته کوتاه ورشد نکرده ، زمین پوشیده از خاروخاشاک وغیر قابل عبور، خارستان تیغستان ، آدم گمنام، مالش، سایش، تمیز کاری، ضد عفونی برای عمل جراحی، مالیدن ، خراشیدن ، تمیز کردن ، ستردن . n. ovma, ovalama, fırçalama, fırça, fırça bıyık, çalılık, fundalık, maki ormanı, bodur hayvan, bodur, cüce, takıma alınmayan oyuncu, ikinci takım v. fırçalamak, ovmak, ovalamak, fırça ile ovmak, yıkamak, iptal etmek, ertelemek n. broussaille, fourré; polissage, frottement, grattage, lavage; inférieur; arbre minuscule v. frotter, gratter, étriller; laver, nettoyer adj. nain; miniature; inférieur; de peu de valeur; minime; couvert de broussailles

Answer 11

wipe1 S3 /waɪp/ v -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【clean/rub】 2【remove dirt】 3【computer/tape】 4 wipe something from your mind/memory 5 wipe the floor with somebody 6 wipe the slate clean 7 wipe the smile/grin off somebody's face 8 wipe something off the face of the earth/wipe something off the map 9【plates/cups etc】 Phrasal verbs 　wipe something⇔away 　wipe something⇔down 　wipe something off something 　wipe out 　wipe something⇔up -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Language: Old English; Origin: wipian] 【CLEAN/RUB】 [T] a) to rub a surface with something in order to remove dirt, liquid etc wipe sth with sth 　Wipe the table with a damp cloth. 　Bill wiped his eyes (=wiped the tears from his face) and apologized. 　He pulled a handkerchief from his pocket and wiped his nose . b) to clean something by rubbing it against a surface wipe sth on sth 　He wiped his mouth on the back of his hand. 【REMOVE DIRT】 [T always + adverb/preposition] to remove liquid, dirt, or marks by wiping wipe sth off/from etc sth 　Kim wiped the sweat from her face. 【COMPUTER/TAPE】 [T] to remove all the information that is stored on a tape, video, or computer disk wipe sth from your mind/memory to try to forget an unpleasant experience wipe the floor with sb informal to defeat someone completely in a competition or argument wipe the slate clean to agree to forget about mistakes or arguments that happened in the past wipe the smile/grin off sb's face informal to make someone feel less happy or confident, especially someone who is annoying because they think they are clever 　Tell him how much it'll cost - that should wipe the smile off his face! wipe sth off the face of the earth/wipe sth off the map to destroy something completely 　Another few years and this species could be wiped off the face of the earth. 【PLATES/CUPS ETC】 [I and T] to dry plates, cups etc that have been washed = dry 　You wash, I'll wipe. wipe away [wipe sth⇔away] phr v to stop something existing 　A frown quickly wiped away her smile. wipe down [wipe sth⇔down] phr v to completely clean a surface using a wet cloth wipe off [wipe sth off sth] phr v to reduce the value of shares or prices by a particular amount 　Nearly £7 billion has been wiped off share prices worldwide. wipe out phr v wipe sb/sth⇔out to destroy, remove, or get rid of something completely 　Whole villages were wiped out by the floods. 　Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past. wipe sb⇔out informal to make you feel extremely tired 　The heat had wiped us out. → wiped out AmE to fall or hit another object when driving a car, riding a bicycle etc wipe up [wipe sth⇔up] phr v to remove liquid from a surface using a cloth 　I hastily wiped up the milk I had spilled. پاک کردن ، خشک کردن ، بوسیله مالش پاک کردن ، از میان بردن ، زدودن n. silme, temizleme, vuruş, tokat, kafa bulma, alay, dalga geçme v. silmek, kurulamak n. coup de torchon, nettoyer;dessert; effacer; frotter; stériliser; essuie tout; coup; reproche v. essuyer; nettoyer; effacer; frotter

Answer 12

pick·y /ˈpɪki/ adj informal someone who is picky only likes particular things and not others, and so is not easy to please 　He's a very picky eater . adj. seçici, zor beğenir, titiz, müşkülpesent, mızmız, ince eleyip sık dokuyan adj. difficile; délicat; sélectif

Answer 13

men·tor /ˈmentɔː US -tɔːr/ n [C] [Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Mentor, adviser of Odysseus's son Telemachus in the ancient Greek Odyssey by Homer] an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person ناصح ،مربى ،مرشد n. akıl hocası, danışman n. mentor, maître spirituel, maître à penser

Answer 14

hu·mour1 BrE humor AmE /ˈhjuːmə US ˈhjuːmər, ˈjuː-/ n [U] the ability or tendency to think that things are funny, or funny things you say that show you have this ability 　his humour and charm 　Greg's feeble attempt at humour 　English humour 　It's vital to have a sense of humor in this job. The host puts the contestants at ease with his own brand of humour . 　He showed flashes of humor that delighted the audience. the quality in something that makes it funny and makes people laugh 　He failed to see the humour of the situation. in a good/an ill/a bad humour formal in a good or bad mood 　He was in a good humour this morning. → good humour out of humour BrE old-fashioned in a bad mood -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COLLOCATES for sense 1 sense of humour somebody's brand of humour black humour (=jokes, funny stories etc about the unpleasant parts of life) schoolboy humour (=jokes, funny stories etc that are silly and rude but not offensive) dry/deadpan humour (=when someone pretends to be serious when they are really joking) wry humour (=when someone jokes about something bad or difficult) a flash/trace/touch of humour (=a small amount of humour) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- humour 2 humour2 BrE humor AmE v [T] to do what someone wants or to pretend to agree with them so that they do not become upset 　'Of course,' he said, humouring her. humour)مشرب، خیال، مزاح، خلق، شوخی، خوشمزگی، خوشی دادن ، راضی نگاهداشتن ، ( طب) خلط، تنابه . n. mizah, güldürü, espri, espri anlayışı, şaka, mizaç, huy, ruh hali, keyif, neşe, salgı humor 2 v. memnun etmek, hoşuna gitmek, suyuna gitmek, ayak uydurmak, alttan almak n. humeur, disposition; humour, capacité d'apprécier qqch d'amusant, état d'esprit, tempérament v. câliner; donner de la bonne humeur If one tends to be a humorous person and you have a sense of humor the rest of your life then you can certainly lighten the load

Answer 15

( گ . ش. ) خرمالو، خرمندی. i. hurma, Trabzon hurması, Japon inciri, bot. Diospyros. n. kaki, plaquemine, fruit ressemblant à une tomate

Answer 16

spawn1 /spɔːn US spɔːn/ v [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: espaundre, from Old French espandre 'to spread out', from Latin expandere; EXPAND] [T] to make a series of things happen or start to exist 　New technology has spawned new business opportunities. [I and T] if a fish or frog spawns, it produces eggs in large quantities at the same time spawn 2 spawn2 n [U] the eggs of a fish or frog laid together in a soft mass تخم ماهی، اشپل، بذر، جرم، تخم ریزی کردن ( حیوانات دریائی )، تولید مثل کردن . f., i. yumurta dökmek (balık); meydana getirmek, ,çıkarmak; iç balık yumurtası; hayvan yavrusu; hasılat, sonuç; istiridye yumurtası; ufak balık; bot. mantar tohumu. n. frai, oeufs de poisson; flopée de descendants (terme de mépris) v. pondre; engendrer; frayer

Answer 17

de·pos·it1 W3 /dɪˈpɔzɪt US dɪˈpɑː-/ n [C] a part of the cost of something you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it deposit of 　A deposit of 10% is required. put down a deposit (on sth) (=pay a deposit) 　We put down a deposit on a house last week. money that you pay when you rent something such as an apartment or car, which will be given back if you do not damage it deposit of 　We ask for one month's rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500. an amount of money that is paid into a bank account ≠ withdrawal deposit into 　I'd like to make a deposit (=pay some money) into my savings account. a layer of a mineral, metal etc that is left in soil or rocks through a natural process deposit of 　rich deposits of gold in the hills an amount or layer of a substance that gradually develops in a particular place 　fatty deposits on the heart an amount of money paid by a candidate in a political election in Britain, that is returned to them if they get enough votes lose your deposit (=not get enough votes) deposit 2 deposit2 v [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: depositus, past participle of deponere; DEPOSE] [T always + adverb/preposition] formal to put something down in a particular place 　The female deposits her eggs directly into the water. [T] to leave a layer of a substance on the surface of something, especially gradually 　As the river slows down, it deposits a layer of soil. [T] to put money or something valuable in a bank or other place where it will be safe deposit sth in sth 　You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe. deposit sth with sb/sth 　The dollars are then deposited with banks outside the USA. سپرده ، ته نشست، سپردن .(.vi and .vt): ته نشین کردن ، گذاشتن ، کنار گذاشتن ، ذخیره سپردن ، به حساب بانک گذاشتن ، (.n): سپرده ، پول، بیعانه ، گرو، ته نشست، ته نشین . (i). emanet; depozito; pey, rehin; mevduat; teminat akçesi; tabaka,tortu; döküntü, birikinti, sel kumu; (mad). birikinti, maden yatağı; depo. deposit account mevduat hesabı. demand deposits vadesiz mevduat money on deposit bankadaki para, mevduat. time deposits vadeli mevduat. 2. (f). koymak; dibine çökmek, tortu bırakmak döküntu bırakmak; emanet etmek, depozito etmek tevdi etmek; bankaya yatırmak; paranın bir kısmını vermek. n. dépôt; consignation; cautionnement, arrhes; gisement; couche v. poser, déposer, mettre en dépôt

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ju·ve·nile /ˈdʒuːvənaɪl US -nəl, -naɪl/ adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: juvenilis, from juvenis 'young person'] [only before noun] law relating to young people who are not yet adults 　juvenile crime 　a juvenile court silly and typical of a child rather than an adult - used to show disapproval = childish 　a very juvenile sense of humour technical juvenile birds or animals are young >juvenile n [C] نوجوان ، در خور جوانی، ویژه نو جوانان . n. genç, çocuk, çocuk kitabı adj. genç, gençlere özgü n. personne juvénile; jeune; adolescent; mineur adj. juvénile; jeune, adolescent, relatif à la jeunesse; puéril, immature

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met·a·mor·pho·sis /ˌmetəˈmɔːfəsɪs US -ˈmɔːr-/ n plural metamorphoses /-siːz/ [U and C] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek, from meta- ( META-) + morphe 'shape'] formal a process in which something changes completely into something very different = transformation 　It took me some time to undergo the metamorphosis from teacher to lecturer. 　the metamorphosis of China under Deng's economic reforms a process in which a young insect, frog etc changes into another stage in its development 　Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis in their life cycle. دگردیسی n. metâmorfoz, başkalaşım, değişim n. métamorphose; changement de forme

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trait /treɪ, treɪt US treɪt/ n [C] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: 'act of pulling, trait', from Latin tractus; TRACT] formal a particular quality in someone's character personality/character traits 　a mental illness associated with particular personality traits genetic/inherited traits ویژگی، نشان ویژه ، نشان اختصاصی، خصیصه . n. caractéristique, qualité

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vac·il·late /ˈvæsɪleɪt/ v [I] formal [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of vacillare 'to move from side to side, fail to decide'] to continue to change your opinions, decisions, ideas etc = waver vacillate between 　Her parents vacillated between different approaches to discipline. >vacillation /ˌvæsɪˈleɪʃən/ n [U and C] دودل بودن ، دل دل کردن ، تردید داشتن ، مردد بودن ، نوسان کردن ، جنبیدن ، تلوتلو خوردن . v. bocalamak, tereddüd etmek, kararsız olmak v. vaciller; hésiter

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in·fer /ɪnˈfəː US -əːr/ v past tense and past participle inferred present participle inferring [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: inferre, from ferre 'to carry'] to form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have infer sth from sth 　A lot can be inferred from these statistics. infer that 　From the evidence we can infer that the victim knew her killer. استنتاج کردن ، استنباط کردن ، پی بردن به ، (ز. ع. ) حدس زدن ، اشاره کردن بر.استنباط کردن . v. sonuç çıkarmak, anlam çıkarmak, anlamına gelmek v. inférer; conclure; induire; déduire; arguer

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am·bi·gu·i·ty /ˌæmbɪˈgjuːɪti/ n plural ambiguities [U and C] the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect ambiguity in 　There was an element of ambiguity in the president's reply. 　legal ambiguities ابهام، نامعلومی، سخن مشکوک ، گنگی معنی.ابهام. n. iki anlamlılık, anlam belirsizliği, belirsizlik, şüpheli oluş n. ambiguité; équivoque ambiguity in American Gothic

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par·o·dy1 /ˈpærədi/ n plural parodies [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: parodia, from Greek, from para- ( PARA-) + aidein 'to sing'] [U and C] a piece of writing, music etc or an action that copies someone or something in an amusing way parody of 　a brilliant parody of classical dance in a parody of sth 　He swung the door wide open in a parody of welcome. 　Her performance contains a strong element of self-parody (=when someone makes fun of their own style) . [C] something that is not a correct or acceptable example of something parody of 　Although his comment was a parody of the truth, Diana was upset by it. 　The trial was a parody of justice (=very unfair) . parody 2 parody2 past tense and past participle parodied present participle parodying third person singular parodies v [T] to copy someone or something in a way that makes people laugh 　His style has often been parodied. >parodist n [C] استقبال شعری، نوشته یا شعری که تقلید از سبک دیگری باشد، تقلید مسخره آمیزکردن . n. parodi, komik taklit v. taklidini yapmak, parodi oynamak n. parodie, oeuvre d'imitation humoristique d'un personnage, caricature; imitation grossière d'une oeuvre littéraire v. parodier; écrire une parodie; imiter en contrefaisant; faire une satire d'une oeuvre littéraire

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i·ron·ic /aɪˈrɔnɪk US aɪˈrɑː-/ adj also i·ron·i·cal /-ɪkəl/ an ironic situation is one that is unusual or amusing because something strange happens or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true 　Your car was stolen at the police station! How ironic! 　 It's ironic that her husband smoked for thirty years, and yet she's the one who died of lung cancer. 　In an ironic twist , the most trustworthy character in the film turned out to be the thief. using words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in a joking way 　ironic comments 　When I told Lucy I loved her book, she thought I was being ironic. → sarcastic طعنه آمیز، طعنه زن ، طعنه ا ی، کنایه دار. ironic (s.) inceden inceye alay eden, istihza ifade eden, cinaslı. ironically (z.) istihza ile, alaylı, iki manaya çekilebilecek surette. adj. ironique American Gothic is ironic

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``` sar·cas·tic /sɑːˈkæstɪk US sɑːr-/ adj saying things that are the opposite of what you mean, in order to make an unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed 　Was she being sarcastic? sarcastic remark/comment/question 　He can't help making sarcastic comments. sarcastic manner/smile/laugh etc 　'I thought so,' she said with a sarcastic smile. >sarcastically /-kli/ adv 　'Oh good,' he said sarcastically. طعنه آمیز، نیشدار، زهرخنده دار. adj. alaylı, iğneli, iğneleyici adj. sarcastique, mordant, piquant ```

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folk1 S2 /fəuk US fouk/ n [Language: Old English; Origin: folc] [plural] also folks especially AmE people 　I'm sure there are some folk who would rather they weren't here. 　Thanks to the folks at NBC. 　Wait till the folks back home hear about this! young/old folk BrE old-fashioned 　Young folk these days don't know the meaning of work. folks [plural] a) especially AmE your parents and family 　Is it OK if I call my folks? b) used when talking to a group of people in a friendly way 　That's all for now, folks. country/farming etc folk [plural] also country etc folks AmE literary people who live in a particular area or do a particular kind of work 　simple country folk [U] folk music 　a folk singer folk 2 folk2 adj [only before noun] folk art, stories, customs etc are traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area 　folk tales 　an Irish folk song folk science/psychology/wisdom etc science etc that is based on the ideas or beliefs that ordinary people have, and does not involve a high level of technical knowledge folk medicine/remedy a traditional type of medical treatment that uses plants or simple treatments rather than scientific methods مردم، گروه ، قوم وخویش، ملت. n. halk, ahali, insanlar, millet, ırk, halk müziği adj. halk n. gens; peuple, hommes de-; populaire adj. folklorique, populaire

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n. cutter, chopper, one who trims tree branches (or shrubs, etc.) n. budayıcı, budayan kimse n. émondage; raffraîchissement (coupe d'arbre); taille (des arbustes)

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machine that cuts grass ماشین چمن زنی، چمن چین . çim biçme makinesi tondeuse à gazon

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mow /məu US mou/ v past tense mowed past participle mown /məun US moun/ [I and T] [Language: Old English; Origin: mawan] to cut grass using a machine 　It's time to mow the lawn again. new-mown hay/grass etc recently cut grass etc mow down [mow sb⇔down] phr v to kill large numbers of people at the same time, especially by shooting them 　The soldiers were mown down by machine gun fire. to kill someone by driving into them fast 　He was sentenced to two years in prison for mowing down a nine-year old girl. چیدن ، علف چیدن ، چمن را زدن ، توده یونجه یا کاه . n. ekin yığını, ot yığını v. biçmek n. fétu de paille v. tondre (le gazon); faucher, couper

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داس، دهره ، بشکل داس، با داس بریدن ، بشکل داس ( نیمدایره ) درآوردن . i. , f. orak; f. orakla biçmek. n. faucille

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ruf·fle1 /ˈrʌfəl/ v [T] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps copying the action] also ruffle sth⇔up to make a smooth surface uneven 　He ruffled her hair affectionately. 　A light wind ruffled the water. to offend or upset someone slightly 　Louise's sharp comments had ruffled his pride. ruffle sb's feathers (=offend someone) ruffle 2 ruffle2 n [C] a band of thin cloth sewn in folds as a decoration around the edge of something such as a collar موجدار کردن ( مثل باد برآب)، بر هم زدن ، ناصاف کردن ، ناهموار کردن ، ژولیده کردن ، گره زدن ، برآشفتن ، تلاطم. 1. f., i. buruşturmak; kabartmak; karıştırmak; kırma yapmak, büzmek; (tüylerini) kabartmak; rahatını bozmak, rahatsız etmek; i. kırma, fırfır, farbala; zihni karışma; patırtı, gürültü, kargaşa. ruffler i. dikiş makinalarında kırma yapan ek alet. 2. i. devamlı davul sesi. n. manchette; jabot, fraise, ruban servant à la décoration d'un vêtement ou utiliser pour enrichir un col; ride; ondulation v. écheveler, ébouriffer; rider, froncer, plier; plisser; froisser, agiter, perturber, déranger; irriter; ennuyer

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a piece of clothing like a shirt and trousers in one piece that is worn over other clothes to protect them American Equivalent: coveralls

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porch /pɔːtʃ US pɔːrtʃ/ n [C] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: porche, from Latin porticus, from porta 'gate'] BrE an entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church AmE a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls هشتی، سرپوشیده ، دالان ، ایوان ، رواق. n. sundurma, veranda, taraça (camlı) n. porche, portique; balcon, véranda, patio

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shut out phr v shut sb out to deliberately not let someone join you in an activity or share your thoughts and feelings 　How can I help you if you just keep shutting me out all the time? shut somebody out from 　I felt I was being shut out from all the family's affairs. shut sb/sth⇔out to prevent someone or something from entering a place 　heavy curtains that shut out the sunlight shut somebody/something⇔out from 　The door closed firmly, shutting me out from the warmth inside. shut sth ⇔out to stop yourself from thinking about or noticing something, so that you are not affected by it 　People close their windows at night in a vain attempt to shut out the sound of gunfire. 　She shut out memories of James. 　Jenny closed her eyes and tried to shut everything out . shut out sb AmE to defeat an opposing sports team and prevent them from getting any points 　Colorado shut out Kansas City 3-0. girmesini engellemek, dışarıda bırakmak, sokmamak, kapamak, engellemek, görüşünü engellemek, sayı vermemek interdire l'entrée; éloigner, dissimuler à-

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con·no·ta·tion /ˌkɔnəˈteɪʃən US ˌkɑː-/ n [C] a quality or an idea that a word makes you think of that is more than its basic meaning →denotation connotation of 　The word 'professional' has connotations of skill and excellence. 　a negative connotation >connotative /ˈkɔnəteɪtɪv US ˈkɑːn-, kəˈnoutətɪv/ adj دلالت ضمنی، توارد ذهنی، معنی. n. çağrışım, çağrıştırdığı anlam, diğer anlam n. connotation, signification American Gothic has a lot of kind of connotation

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cu·ri·os·i·ty /ˌkjuəriˈɔsɪti US ˌkjuriˈɑːs-/ n plural curiosities [singular, U] the desire to know about something 　I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity. 　The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people. 　She decided to follow him out of curiosity. 　Margaret looked at him with curiosity . curiosity about 　Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them. 　a man of immense intellectual curiosity 　It was idle curiosity that made me ask. [C] someone or something that is interesting because they are unusual or strange 　a house full of old maps and other curiosities 　In the past, men who wanted to work with children were regarded as something of a curiosity. 　It's not worth much, but I kept it for its curiosity value. curiosity killed the cat used to tell someone not to ask too many questions about something -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COLLOCATES for sense 1 satisfy somebody's curiosity arouse somebody's curiosity (=make people want to know about something) out of curiosity (=because of curiosity) with curiosity natural curiosity intellectual/scientific curiosity idle curiosity (=wanting to know about something for no particular reason) be burning with curiosity (=want to know about something very much) حس کنجکاوی، چیز غریب، کمیاب. curiosity [cu·ri·os·i·ty || ‚kjʊərɪ'ɒsətɪ] n. merak, ilgi, ilginç şey, tuhaf tip; antika n. curiosité; rareté

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a·rouse /əˈrauz/ v [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: rouse] arouse interest/expectations etc to make you become interested, expect something etc 　Matt's behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors. arouse hostility/suspicion/resentment/anger etc to make someone feel very unfriendly and angry, or suspicious 　A great deal of anger was aroused by Campbell's decision. to make someone feel sexually excited = excite 　She felt aroused by the pressure of his body so close to hers. literary to wake someone arouse from 　Anne had to be aroused from a deep sleep. بیدار کردن ، برانگیختن ، تحریک کردن . v. uyandırmak, kaldırmak, canlandırmak, harekete geçirmek v. réveiller, éveiller; stimuler, exciter

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prompt1 /prɔmpt US prɑːmpt/ v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: promptare, from Latin promptus; PROMPT2] [T] to make someone decide to do something prompt sb to do sth 　What prompted you to buy that suit? [T] to make people say or do something as a reaction 　The decision prompted an outcry among prominent US campaigners. [T] to help a speaker who pauses, by suggesting how to continue 　'I can't decide.' said Beatrice. 'Decide what?' prompted Marlon. [T] to ask someone to do something on a computer 　A message will appear which will prompt you for certain information. [I and T] to remind an actor of the next words in a speech prompt 2 prompt2 adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: promptus, from the past participle of promere 'to bring out'] done quickly, immediately, or at the right time 　Prompt action must be taken. 　Prompt payment is requested. 　a prompt response [not before noun] someone who is prompt arrives or does something at the right time and is not late 　Lunch is at two. Try to be prompt. >promptness n [U] prompt 3 prompt3 adv BrE informal at the time mentioned and no later American Equivalent: sharp 　The bus will leave at 8 o'clock prompt. prompt 4 prompt4 n [C] a word or words said to an actor in a play, to help them remember what to say a sign on a computer screen which shows that the computer has finished one operation and is ready to begin the next بیدرنگ ، سریع کردن ، بفعالیت واداشتن ، برانگیختن ، سریع، عاجل، آماده ، چالاک ، سوفلوری کردن . prompt 1 adv. tam, dakik olarak prompt 2 [prɑmpt /prɒmpt] n. vade, sufle [tiy.] v. harekete geçirmek, teşvik etmek, yönlendirmek, sufle etmek, suflörlük yapmak adj. hemen, çabuk, tez, hazır, dakik, nakit, tık para, hemen teslim edilen n. fait de souffler (théâtre) v. pousser, porter à, suggérer; éveiller, animer; souffler à un acteur adj. immédiat; prompt; vif, rapide

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stum·ble /ˈstʌmbəl/ v [I] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language] to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall = trip 　In her hurry she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor. stumble over/on 　Vic stumbled over the step as he came in. to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall = stagger stumble in/out/across etc 　He stumbled upstairs and into bed. to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking stumble over/at/through 　I hope I don't stumble over any of the long words. >stumble n [C] stumble on/across/upon [stumble on/across/upon sth] phr v to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly = come across 　Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson's disease. لغزیدن ، سکندری خوردن ، سهو کردن ، تلوتلوخوردن ، لکنت داشتن ، اتفاقابرخوردن به . n. hata, sendeleme, sürçme v. ayağı takılmak, sürçmek, tökezlemek, sendelemek, dili sürçmek, hata yapmak, yanılmak, günah işlemek, günaha girmek n. chute, faux pas, trébuchement v. trébucher

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tar1 /tɑː US tɑːr/ n [U] [Language: Old English; Origin: teoru] a black substance, thick and sticky when hot but hard when cold, used especially for making road surfaces → coal tar a sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns, and that gets into the lungs of people who smoke 　high tar cigarettes tar 2 tar2 past tense and past participle tarred present participle tarring v [T] to cover a surface with tar 　a tarred roof be/get tarred with the same brush if someone is tarred with the same brush as someone else, people think they have the same faults or have committed the same crimes, even if they have not 　You've made it very clear that you think I'm tarred with the same brush as William. tar and feather to cover someone in tar and feathers as a cruel unofficial punishment (.vt and .n): قیر، قیرمالیدن به ، قیر زدن ، (.vt): برانگیخته ، خشمگین کردن ، آزردن . n. katran, gemici, denizci v. katranlamak, katran sürmek n. goudron; sel v. goudronner

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vi·a·ble /ˈvaɪəbəl/ adj [Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: vie 'life', from Latin vita; VITAL] a viable idea, plan, or method can work successfully viable alternative/proposition/option etc 　The committee came forward with one viable solution. economically/commercially/financially viable 　Will a hotel here be financially viable? technical able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing 　viable seeds >viably adv >viability /ˌvaɪəˈbɪlɪti/ n [U] 　the long-term economic viability of the company زنده ماندنى ،زيست پذير،ماندنى ،قابل دوام ،مناسب رشد و ترقى روانشناسى : ماندنى adj. yaşayabilir, yaşar, geçerli adj. viable

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bark1 /bɑːk US bɑːrk/ v [Language: Old English; Origin: beorcan] [I] when a dog barks, it makes a short loud sound or series of sounds →growl bark at 　The dog always barks at strangers. also bark out [T] to say something quickly in a loud voice bark at 　'Don't just stand there, give me a hand,' she barked at the shop assistant. bark up the wrong tree informal to have a wrong idea, or do something in a way that will not give you the information or result you want 　The police spent three months barking up the wrong tree on the murder investigation. [T] to rub the skin off your knee, elbow etc by falling or knocking against something = graze 　I barked my shin against the step. bark 2 bark2 n [Sense: 1, 3-4; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: BARK1] [Sense: 2; Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old Norse; Origin: börkr] [C] the sharp loud sound made by a dog [U] the outer covering of a tree [C] a loud sound or voice 　Amy's voice was a hoarse bark. sb's bark is worse than their bite used to say that someone who seems unpleasant or difficult to deal with, is not really too bad پوست درخت، عوعو، وغ وغ کردن ، پوست کندن . n. havlama; kabuk, ağaç kabuğu, öksürük; barka, gemi, yelkenli üç direkli gemi v. havlamak; bağırmak, çığırtkanlık yapmak; kabuğunu soymak, soymak, sıyırmak, öksürmek n. écorce; aboiement, glapissement; aboi; détonation; barque; trois mâts v. écorcer, éplucher; aboyer; glapir; dire d'un ton sec, vociférer

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sludge /slʌdʒ/ n [U] [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Probably from slush] soft thick mud, especially at the bottom of a liquid the solid substance that is left when industrial waste or sewage (=the liquid waste from toilets) has been cleaned thick dirty oil in an engine >sludgy adj لجن ، لای، پوسته یخ، جای کثیف ولجن آلود، آدم شلخته ، لجن مال شدن ، کثیف شدن . n. sulu çamur, yapış yapış çamur, lâgım pisliği, vıcık vıcık çamur, kirli motor yağı, parça parça deniz buzu n. vase, fange, boue; cambouis

Answer 45

pa·tent1 /ˈpeɪtnt, ˈpæ- US ˈpæ-/ n [U and C] a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy patent on/for 　He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint. 　He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin. 　The drugs are protected by patent. patent 2 patent2 adj [only before noun] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: Latin, present participle of patere 'to be open'] protected by a patent 　a patent lock patent lie/nonsense/impossibility etc formal used to emphasize that something is clearly a lie etc = obvious → patently patent 3 patent3 v [T] to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product آشکار، دارای حق امتیاز، امتیازی، بوسیله حق امتیاز محفوظ مانده ، دارای حق انحصاری، گشاده ، مفتوح، آزاد، محسوس، حق ثبت اختراع، امتیاز نامه ، امتیاز یاحق انحصاری بکسی دادن ، اعطا کردن ( امتیاز ). n. patent, tescil v. patent almak, patent vermek adj. patentli, tescilli, patent, açık, aşikâr, belli n. privilège; priorité; brevet d'invention v. faire breveter; recevoir un brevet adj. breveté; protégé par brevet; clair; connu; sophistiqué He list no time in patenting his discovery

Answer 46

so·lid·i·fy /səˈlɪdɪfaɪ/ v past tense and past participle solidified present participle solidifying third person singular solidifies [I and T] to become solid or make something solid 　The volcanic lava solidifies as it cools. 　solidified cream [T] to make an agreement, plan, attitude etc more definite and less likely to change 　The two countries signed a treaty to solidify their alliance. >solidification /səˌlɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n [U] امد کردن ، سفت کردن یا شدن ، یک پارچه شدن ، متبلور کردن . f. katılaştırmak, katılaşmak; tahkim etmek, kuvvetlendirmek. v. solidifier, cristalliser; congeler, geler, figer; coaguler; se solidifier, se cristalliser solidified his enthusiasm

Answer 47

im·merse /ɪˈməːs US -əːrs/ v [T] [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of immergere, from mergere; MERGE] to put someone or something deep into a liquid so that they are completely covered immerse sb/sth in sth 　Immerse your foot in ice cold water to reduce the swelling. immerse yourself in sth to become completely involved in an activity 　He left school at 16 and immersed himself in the Labour party. >immersed adj 　She was far too immersed in her studies. فرو بردن ، زیر آب کردن ، پوشاندن ، غوطه دادن ، غسل ارتماسی دادن (برای تعمید). v. daldırmak, batırmak, suya daldırmak, sokmak, gömmek v. immerger, submerger, plonger e:Perkin became immersed in the studying of chemistry.

Answer 48

de·vo·tion /dɪˈvəuʃən US -ˈvou-/ n [U] the strong love that you show when you pay a lot of attention to someone or something devotion to 　Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children. [U] the loyalty that you show towards a person, job etc, especially by working hard →dedication devotion to 　the soldier's courage and devotion to duty 　his integrity and devotion to his patients [U] strong religious feeling devotions [plural] prayers and other religious acts وقف، تخصیص، صمیمیت، هواخواهی، طرفداری، دعا، پرستش، از خود گذشتگی، جانسپار. n. bağlılık, sadakât, düşkünlük, fedakârlık, özveri n. dévouement; dévotion e:His devtion to the subject was perceived by his teacher.

Answer 49

``` ex·cre·tion /ɪkˈskriːʃən/ n [U] the process of getting rid of waste material from your body [U and C] the waste material that people or animals get rid of from their bodies poo=poop دفع، مدفوع. n. boşaltım, salgı, dışkı n. excrétion; crachat e: animal excretion ```

Answer 50

grasp1 /grɑːsp US græsp/ v [T] to take and hold something firmly = grip 　I grasped his arm firmly and led him away. 　Alan grasped the handle and pulled it. [not in progressive] to completely understand a fact or an idea, especially a complicated one 　At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. 　Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to grasp. grasp what/how etc 　A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly grasp what the article is about. grasp that 　Nick had grasped that something was wrong. grasp an opportunity to eagerly and quickly use an opportunity to do something 　She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business. grasp the nettle BrE to deal with an unpleasant situation firmly and without delay 　We need to grasp the nettle of prison reform. grasp at [grasp at sth] phr v to try to hold on to something 　His foot slipped and he grasped at the top of the wall. grasp 2 grasp2 n [singular] the way you hold something or your ability to hold it = grip 　Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate. 　He had allowed the ball to slip from his grasp. your ability to understand a complicated idea, situation, or subject = understanding grasp of 　Her grasp of the issues was impressive. a good/firm/thorough etc grasp of sth 　Steve has a good grasp of the European legal system. grasp on 　After two months, his grasp on the subject was improving. your ability to achieve or gain something within sb's grasp 　An agreement to end the war seemed within their grasp. beyond sb's grasp 　Many families with children are finding suitable housing beyond their grasp. literary control or power 　The king was determined not to let Scotland slip from his grasp. فراچنگ کردن ، بچنگ آوردن ، گیر آوردن ، فهمیدن ، چنگ زدن ، قاپیدن ، اخذ، چنگ زنی، فهم. n. tutma, sımsıkı tutma, kavrama, idrak, kabza, anlama v. kapmak, tutmak, yakalamak, kavramak, anlamak n. saisie, prise; compréhension; obtention v. saisir; empoigner; serrer (quelque chose) dans sa main; s'emparer de; recevoir avec ardeur

Answer 51

n. secondary product, something which is obtained from the manufacture of a different product; result of another action

Answer 52

flat·ter /ˈflætə US -ər/ v [T] [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: flater 'to move the tongue against, flatter'] to praise someone in order to please them or get something from them, even though you do not mean it 　Perry would always flatter Mrs. Mitchell by praising her cooking. to make someone look as attractive as they can = suit 　That dress really flatters your figure. to make something look or seem more important or better than it is 　Lewis's novel doesn't flatter Midwestern attitudes and morals. flatter yourself if you flatter yourself that something is true about your abilities or achievements, you make yourself believe it is true, although it is not flatter yourself that 　She flatters herself that she could have been a model. >flatterer n [C] چاپلوسی کردن ، تملق گفتن از. v. pohpohlamak, yağ yakmak, kompliman yapmak, övmek, göklere çıkarmak, gururunu okşamak, olduğundan güzel göstermek n. étendue aplatie, étang, mare; marteau de forgeron v. flatter, flagorner

Answer 53

very fashionable, very popular | le dernier mot, le dernier cri

Answer 54

vul·ture /ˈvʌltʃə US -ər/ n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: vultur] a large bird that eats dead animals someone who uses other people's problems and suffering for their own advantage - used to show disapproval 　He hadn't been dead five minutes before those vultures from the media were after his widow. (ج. ش. ) کرکس، لاشخور صفت، حریص. n. akbaba, kerkenez, açgözlü kimse n. vautour, aigle; rapine

Answer 55

cor·al1 /ˈkɔrəl US ˈkɔː-, ˈkɑː-/ n [U] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin corallium, from Greek korallion] a hard red, white, or pink substance formed from the bones of very small sea creatures, which is often used to make jewellery coral 2 coral2 adj pink or reddish-orange in colour مرجان ، بسد. n. mercan; döllenmiş ıstakoz yumurtası coral 2 adj. mercan, mercan kırmızısı n. corail

Answer 56

crus·ta·cean /krʌˈsteɪʃən/ n [C] technical [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: crustaceus, from Latin crusta; CRUST] an animal such as a lobster or a crab that has a hard outer shell and several pairs of legs, and usually lives in water >crustacean adj (=crustaceous) (ج. ش. ) خانواده خرچنگ ، رده سخت پوستان . adj. kabuklular ile ilgili, kabuklulardan n. crustacé, crabe adj. crustacé; relatif aux crustacés, aux crabes

Answer 57

flesh1 W3 /fleʃ/ n [U] [Language: Old English; Origin: flAsc] the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones 　a freshwater fish with firm white flesh the skin of the human body 　His flesh was red and covered in sores. flesh, seed, skin the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that can be eaten 　Cut the melon in half and scoop out the flesh. in the flesh if you see someone in the flesh, you see someone who you previously had only seen in pictures, films etc 　He looked much shorter in the flesh than on television. make sb's flesh creep/crawl to make someone feel frightened, nervous, or uncomfortable 　The way he stared at her made her flesh creep. your own flesh and blood someone who is part of your family 　How can he treat his own flesh and blood that way? the flesh literary the physical human body, as opposed to the mind or spirit the pleasures/desires/temptations of the flesh (=things such as drinking, eating a lot, or having sex) put flesh on sth BrE to give more details about something to make it clear, more interesting etc = flesh something⇔out 　I'll try to put some flesh on the plan Margaret has outlined. go the way of all flesh literary to die →get your pound of flesh at pound 1 (5), press the flesh at press 2 (14), the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak at spirit 1 (16) flesh 2 flesh2 v flesh out [flesh sth⇔out] phr v to add more details to something in order to make it clear, more interesting etc = put flesh on something 　You need to flesh out your argument with a few more examples. گوشت، مغز میوه ، جسم، شهوت، جسمانیت، حیوانیت، بشر، دربدن فرو کردن .n. et, vücut, beden, insan doğası, bedensel istekler, şehvet, insanlık v. çiğ etle beslemek, derisinden eti sıyırmak, ayrıntılarıyla anlatmak n. chair; housse, taie (du fruit) v. enfoncer dans la chair; retirer la peau de la viande; inciter au meurtre; gaver, engraisser

Answer 58

falcon [fal·con || 'fælkən /'fɔːl-] n. type of predatory bird which hunts during the day (characterized by a sharp beak and strong claws) n. şahin, doğan n. faucon (oiseau de proie)

Answer 59

someone's child or children - often used humorously 　a young mother trying to control her offspring an animal's baby or babies 　a lion and its offspring زادو ولد، فرزند، اولاد، مبدا، منشا. i. ürün; döl, evlât. n. progéniture, descendants; enfants, rejeton

Answer 60

scav·enge /ˈskævɪndʒ/ v [I and T] [Date: 1600-1700; Origin: scavenger (16-21 centuries), from scavager 'tax collector, someone who cleans streets' (15-19 centuries), from scavage 'tax on goods sold' (15-19 centuries), from Old North French escauwage 'examination'] if an animal scavenges, it eats anything that it can find 　Pigs scavenged among the rubbish. scavenge for 　rats scavenging for food if someone scavenges, they search through things that other people do not want for food or useful objects 　There are people who live in the dump and scavenge garbage for a living. scavenge for 　Women were scavenging for old furniture. >scavenger n [C] 　Foxes and other scavengers go through the dustbins. جانور لاشخور، جانور کثافت خور، سپور، تنظیف کردن ، سپوری کردن ، جاروب کردن . i. leş yiyen hayvan; kimse; İng. çöpçu. n. éboueur; balayeur de rue; employé d'entretien

Answer 61

de·nounce /dɪˈnauns/ v [T] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: denoncier 'to announce', from Latin denuntiare, from nuntiare 'to report'] to express strong disapproval of someone or something, especially in public →denunciation 　Amnesty International denounced the failure by the authorities to take action. denounce sb/sth as sth 　He denounced the election as a farce. to give information to the police or other authority about someone's illegal political activities denounce sb to sb 　She denounced him to the secret police. علیه کسی اظهاری کردن ، کسی یا چیزی را ننگین کردن ، تقبیح کردن . v. aleyhinde olmak; ihbar etmek; kınamak; kehanette bulunmak; geçersizliğini duyurmak v. dénoncer, accuser, condamner; critiquer; blâmer; fustiger

Answer 62

con·ta·gious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ adj a disease that is contagious can be passed from person to person by touch a person who is contagious has a disease that can be passed to another person by touch 　The patient is still highly contagious. if a feeling, attitude, or action is contagious, other people are quickly affected by it and begin to have it or do it 　her contagious enthusiasm >contagiousness n [U] واگیر، مسری، واگیردار. adj. bulaşıcı, salgın, hastalık bulaştıran, yayılan adj. contagieux

Answer 63

[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: incurrere 'to run into', from currere 'to run'] if you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done, or you do not make money incur expenses/costs/losses/debts etc 　If the council loses the appeal, it will incur all the legal costs. 　the heavy losses incurred by airlines since September 11th if you incur something unpleasant, it happens to you because of something you have done incur sb's displeasure/wrath/disapproval etc 　She wondered what she'd done to incur his displeasure this time. موجب (خرج یا ضرر یا تنبیه و غیره ) شدن ، متحمل شدن ، وارد آمدن ، (خسارت) دیدن . v. maruz kalmak, uğramak, yakalanmak, tutulmak, girmek, yaratmak v. encourir, amener sur soi; se mettre dans; s'attirer; sombrer dans

Answer 64

su·per·sti·tion /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃən US -pər-/ n [U and C] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin superstitio, from superstes 'standing over someone', from stare 'to stand'] a belief that some objects or actions are lucky or unlucky, or that they cause events to happen, based on old ideas of magic 　the old superstition that walking under a ladder is unlucky موهوم پرستی، خرافات، موهوم، موهومات. n. batıl inanç, batıl itikat, hurafe, boş inanç n. superstition

Answer 65

haunt1 /hɔːnt US hɔːnt/ v [T not in progressive] [Date: 1100-1200; Language: French; Origin: hanter] if the soul of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often 　The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord. to make someone worry or make them sad 　Clare was haunted by the fear that her husband was having an affair. to cause problems for someone over a long period of time 　an error that would come back to haunt them for years to come haunt 2 haunt2 n [C] a place that someone likes to go to often haunt of 　The Café Vienna was a favourite haunt of journalists and actors. زیاد رفت وآمد کردن در، دیدارمکررکردن ، پیوسته آمدن به ، آمد وشد زیاد، خطور، مراجعه مکرر، محل اجتماع تبه کاران ، آمیزش، دوستی، روحی که زیاد بمحلی آمد وشدکند، تردد کردن ، پاتوق. n. uğrak, sık sık gidilen yer, buluşma yeri, yatak, yuva, in v. sık uğramak, ziyaret etmek, görünmek, aklından çıkmamak, takılmak, dadanmak, yakasını bırakmamak n. maison hantée; repaire v. visiter frequemment, rendre visite (des fantômes); tourmenter

Answer 66

poise1 /pɔɪz/ n [U] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: pois 'weight, heaviness', from Latin pensum, from pendere 'to weigh'] a calm, confident way of behaving, combined with an ability to control your feelings or reactions in difficult situations 　Louisa seems to have much more poise and confidence. a graceful way of moving or standing, so that your body seems balanced and not awkward 　the poise of a dancer 　She's pretty, but lacks poise. poise 2 poise2 v [T always + adverb/preposition] to put or hold something in a carefully balanced position, especially above something else poise sth over/above sth 　He poised the bottle over her glass. 'More wine?' توازن ، وضع، وقار، ثبات، نگاهداری، آونگ یا وزنه ساعت، وزنه متحرک ، بحالتموازنه درآوردن ، ثابت واداشتن . n. denge, duruş, havada asılı kalma, dengelilik, temkin, kendine hakim olma v. dengede tutmak, dengelemek, asılı durmak, havada durmak, dik tutmak (baş), kaldırmak (baş) e:we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer.

Answer 67

in·ter·mit·tent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt US -tər-/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of intermittere, from mittere 'to send'] stopping and starting often and for short periods = sporadic 　The weather forecast is for sun, with intermittent showers. >intermittently adv متناوب، نوبت دار، نوبه ای، نوبتی.غیر دائمی، ادواری. adj. aralıklı, kesik kesik, gidip gelen adj. intermittent; discontinu; irrégulier; erratique e:groups have been searching intermittently for decades

Answer 68

adj. thin, gentle, fine, sparse ten·u·ous /ˈtenjuəs/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: tenuis 'thin, tenuous'] a situation or relationship that is tenuous is uncertain, weak, or likely to change 　For now, the band's travel plans are tenuous. tenuous link/connection etc 　The United Peace Alliance had only a tenuous connection with the organized Labour movement. 　The link between her family and the King's is rather tenuous. literary very thin and easily broken >tenuously adv رفیق، نازک ، باریک ، لطیف، دقیق، بدون نقطه اتکائ. adj. ince, incecik, hafif, seyrek adj. fin, léger, délicat, mince, maigre e: our survival may be tenuous

Answer 69

draft1 W3S2 /drɑːft US dræft/ n [C] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【piece of writing】 2【military】 3【money】 4【sports】 5【cold air/beer】 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: DRAUGHT1] 【PIECE OF WRITING】 a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form 　the rough draft of his new novel 　I read the first draft and thought it was very good. 　All parties eventually approved the final draft (=finished form) of the peace treaty. 【MILITARY】 the draftAmE a) a system in which people are ordered to join the army, navy etc, especially during a war = conscription b) the group of people who are ordered to do this 【MONEY】 especially BrE a written order for money to be paid by a bank, especially from one bank to another 【SPORTS】 AmE a system in which professional teams choose players from colleges to join their teams 【COLD AIR/BEER】 the American spelling of draught draft 2 draft2 v [T] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1【piece of writing】 2【military】 3【sports】 Phrasal verbs 　draft somebody⇔in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【PIECE OF WRITING】 to write a plan, letter, report etc that will need to be changed before it is in its finished form 　Eva's busy drafting her speech for the conference. 【MILITARY】 [usually passive] to order someone to join the army, navy etc, especially during a war = conscript be drafted into sth 　My dad was eighteen when he got drafted into the army. 【SPORTS】 AmE to choose a college player to join a professional team 　Craigwell was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks. draft in [draft sb⇔in] phr v to ask or order someone to work in a place where they do not normally work 　Extra staff were drafted in to deal with the Christmas rush. 　Hundreds of police have been drafted into the area. draft 3 draft3 adj draft proposal/copy/version etc a piece of writing that is not yet in its finished form the American spelling of draught (.vtand .n): (draught) حواله ، برات، برات کشی، طرح، مسوده ، پیش نویس، (نظ. ) برگزینی، انتخاب، چرک نویس، طرح کردن ، (.vt): (draught) (انگلیس ) آماده کردن ، از بشکه ریختن . n. müsvedde; çekiş, ödeme emri, para çekme, çekme, istismar; taslak, manga; askerlik; sıkıntı, rahatsızlık; hava akımı, cereyan v. tasarlamak, taslağını çizmek, planlamak; askere almak, görevlendirmek n. brouillon, schéma; chèque bancaire; mobilisation; contingent; courant d'air v. préparer un brouillon; recruter, mobiliser, enrôler

Answer 70

``` af·flu·ent /ˈæfluənt/ adj formal [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin, present participle of affluere 'to flow in large quantities', from ad- 'to' + fluere 'to flow'] having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc = wealthy 　affluent families an affluent society/country/area etc 　the affluent Côte d'Azur >affluence n [U] see usage note rich فراوان ، دولتمند. adj. bol, çok, gürül gürül akan, zengin, varlıklı affluent 2 n. ırmak ayağı, ırmağa dökülen akarsu adj. riche; abondant ```

Answer 71

ac·cus·tom /əˈkʌstəm/ v [T] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: acostumer, from costume 'custom'] to make yourself or another person become used to a situation or place accustom yourself to sth 　It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations. عادت دادن ، آشنا کردن ، آشنا شدن ، معتاد ساختن ، معتاد شدن ، عادت، خو گرفتن ، انس گرفتن . (f). alıştırmak accustom oneself alışmak, âdet edinmek, itiyat peyda etmek be accustomed to itiyadında olmak , alışkın olmak v. accoutumer, habituer

Answer 72

seize W3 /siːz/ v [T] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: saisir 'to take possession of', from Medieval Latin sacire] to take hold of something suddenly and violently = grab 　Suddenly he seized my hand. seize sth from sb 　Maggie seized the letter from her. to take control of a place suddenly and quickly, using military force seize power/control (of sth) 　The rebels have seized power. 　A group of soldiers seized the airport. if the police or government officers seize something, for example illegal drugs, they take legal possession of it 　160,000 CDs were seized from illegal factories. 　All of my assets were seized , including my home. to suddenly catch someone and make sure they cannot get away 　The gunmen were seized at 1 a.m. seize a chance/an opportunity/the initiative to quickly and eagerly do something when you have the chance to be seized with/by terror/desire etc to suddenly be affected by an extremely strong feeling 　When she saw his face, she was seized by fear. seize on/upon [seize on/upon sth] phr v to suddenly become very interested in an idea, excuse, what someone says etc 　His every remark is seized upon by the press. seize up phr v a) if an engine or part of a machine seizes up, its moving parts stop working and can no longer move, for example because of lack of oil 　The mechanism had seized up. b) if a part of your body, such as your back, seizes up, you suddenly cannot move it and it is very painful بتصرف آوردن ، ربون ، قاپیدن ، توقیف کردن ، دچار حمله (مرض وغیره ) شدن ، درک کردن . v. yakalamak, ele geçirmek, kabullenmek, kapmak, ganimet almak, tutmak, almak, kaçırmamak, el koymak, gaspetmek, zaptetmek, kavramak, anlamak, benimsemek, tutuklamak, tutukluk yapmak, takılmak (makine), yapışmak, havada kapmak v. saisir; tenir, s'emparer, prendre; empoigner; capturer; contrôler; attaquer

Ielts-2 Flashcards

2nd group of words