Ielts-6 Flashcards
wedge
n. tapering wood or metal block; peg; something with a triangular shape; something which causes division or an opening; golf club with a flat slanted face used to lift a ball in the swinging motion; triangular letter in cuneiform
v. fasten by driving in a tapering wood or metal block, split with a wedge; thrust or drive in like a wedge, cram; force oneself in like a wedge; become stuck or caught,
chock
wedge1 /wedʒ/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: wecg]
a piece of wood, metal etc that has one thick edge and one pointed edge and is used especially for keeping a door open or for splitting wood
a piece of food shaped like a wedge
Garnish with lemon wedges.
wedge of
a wedge of cheese
drive a wedge between sb
to make the relationship between two people or groups worse
Their divorce has driven a wedge between the two families.
→the thin end of the wedge at thin 1 (11) wedge 2
wedge2 v [T always + adverb/preposition]
to force something firmly into a narrow space
The phone was wedged under his chin.
Victoria wedged herself into the passenger seat.
wedge sth open/shut
to put something under a door, window etc to make it stay open or shut
گوه .گوه (goveh)، باگوه نگاه داشتن ، با گوه شکافتن ، از هم جدا کردن .گوه .
n. kama, takoz, çivi, golf sopası [amer.]
v. kama ile yarmak, sıkıştırmak, tıkmak
n. piquet; coin; semblant à un coin, triangulaire
v. caler; enfoncer; coincer
pantry
n. granary, warehouse for storing food; small room next to the kitchen (used for storing food, dishes, etc.)
pan·try /ˈpæntri/ n plural pantries [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: paneterie, from pan ‘bread’]
a very small room in a house where food is kept
= larder
آبدار خانه ، شربت خانه ، مخصوص لوازم سفره .
n. kiler
n. garde-manger, placard à provisions; cellier
clan
n. tribe, family, group related by common interests or characteristics
clan /klæn/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Scottish Gaelic; Origin: clann ‘family, race, clan’, from Old Irish cland ‘new growth on a plant, offspring’, from Latin planta; PLANT1]
a large group of families that often share the same name
the Campbell clan
warring clans
informal a very large family
The whole clan will be here over Christmas.
خاندان ، خانواده ، طایفه ، قبیله ، دسته .
n. klan, boy, kabile, oymak, grup, zümre
n. tribu, clan
kinsfolk
n. relatives, family, kin kins·folk /ˈkɪnzfəuk US -fouk/ n also kinfolk AmE [plural] old-fashioned your family n. akrabalar, soy sop n. parents, proches kin خویشاوند kinship e: Clan members are generally kinsfolk, related by descent or marriage
parity
n. equality; extra bit added to bytes of computer data and are used to detect transmission errors (Computers)
par·i·ty /ˈpærɪti/ n [U]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: paritas, from par; PAR]
the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power
= equality parity with
Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues.
technical equality between the units of money from two different countries
برابری، تساوی، زوج بودن ، تعادل، جفتی.توازن ، زوجیت.
n. eşitlik, benzerlik, parite
n. parité, égalité; conformité, ressemblance; code de détection d’éventuelles erreurs (Informatique) (Caractéristique de la somme de bits d’un octet qui peut être paire ou impaire)
<>disparity=di·spar·i·ty /dɪˈspærɪti/ n plural disparities [U and C] formal
a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one
→parity disparity in/between
We are still seeing a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women.
nomad
n. wanderer; member of a tribe that relocates seasonally in order to find better resources (e.g. pastureland, water, etc.)
adj. wandering, nomadic
adj:nomadic
کوچ گر، بدوی، چادر نشین ، ایلیاتی، خانه بدوش، صحرانشین .
n. göçebe
adj. göçebe
n. nomade
adj. nomade
lineage
n. direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry, family, genealogy
lin·e·age /ˈlɪni-ɪdʒ/ n [U and C]
formal the way in which members of a family are descended from other members
→line, ancestry ancestry
a family of ancient lineage
سویه ، دودمان ، اصل ونسب، اجداد، اعقاب.سطربندی، سطر شماری.
n. soy, köken, nesil, sülale
n. lignée
stratify
v. layer; be deposited in layers; separate into social classes or levels; develop different social classes or levels
strat·i·fi·ca·tion /ˌstrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n [U and C]
when society is divided into separate social classes
The Indian caste system is an example of social stratification.
the way in which earth, rocks etc form layers over time
>stratify /ˈstrætɪfaɪ/ v [I and T]
چینه چینه کردن ، طبقه طبقه کردن .
v. tabakalaşmak, katmanlaşmak, toplumsal sınıfları oluşturmak, tabakalı yapmak
v. stratifier
stratification
typology
n. classification according to general type
ty·pol·o·gy /taɪˈpɔlədʒi US -pɑː-/ n plural typologies [U and C]
a system or the study of dividing a group of things into smaller groups according to the similar qualities they have
>typological /ˌtaɪpəˈlɔdʒɪkəl US -ˈlɑː-/ adj
n. tipoloji, insan tiplerini belirleme bilimi
n. typologie
carnivorous
adj. meat-eating, feeding on animal flesh
car·ni·vore /ˈkɑːnɪvɔː US ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/ n [C]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: carnivorus ‘flesh-eating’, from caro ( CARNAL) + -vorus ‘eating’]
an animal that eats flesh
→herbivore, omnivore omnivore
humorous someone who eats meat
→vegetarian
>carnivorous /kɑːˈnɪvərəs US kɑːr-/ adj
adj. meat-eating, feeding on animal flesh
حیوان گوشتخوار.
adj. etobur, etçil, etoburlarla ilgili
adj. carnivore, qui se nourrit de chair animal, carnassier
e: carnivorous plant eats flies
fable
n. tale, story that is not based on fact; fictitious story having supernatural elements, legend, myth, fairy tale
fa·ble /ˈfeɪbəl/ n
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin fabula ‘conversation, story’]
[C]
a traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially a story about animals
the fable of the fox and the crow
[U]
fables or other traditional stories
monsters of fable
افسانه ، داستان ، دروغ، حکایت اخلاقی، حکایت گفتن .
n. masal, efsane, kıssa
n. fable, légende; histoire fictive
siege
n. blockade, act of surrounding and attacking a fortification in order to cut off supply and aid routes; prolonged period of difficulty or trouble
v. blockade, besiege, surround and attack a fortification in order to cut off supply and aid routes
siege /siːdʒ/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: sege ‘seat, siege’, from Vulgar Latin sedicum, from Latin sedere ‘to sit’]
a situation in which an army or the police surround a place and try to gain control of it or force someone to come out of it
The siege lasted almost four months.
a three-day police siege at a remote country cottage
siege of
the siege of Leningrad
end/lift/raise a siege
(=end a siege)
lay siege to sb/sth
a) if the army or police lay siege to a place, they start a siege against it
In June 1176 King Richard laid siege to Limoges.
b) if you lay siege to someone, you do everything you can to try and get them to talk to you
Then he set to work laying siege to her with letters.
be under siege
a) to be surrounded by an army in a siege
b) to be being criticized, attacked, or threatened all the time
The TV station has been under siege from irate viewers phoning in to complain.
siege mentality
the feeling among a group of people that they are surrounded by enemies and must do everything they can to protect themselves
n. kuşatma, çevresini sarma, ele geçirmeye uğraşma, hastalık devresi, tezgâh (iş)
. siège, blocus, attaque d’une fortification; période prolongée d’une difficulté ou d’un trouble
v. assiéger, entourer et attaquer une fortification en coupant les routes pour y empêcher l’accès
e: i was under besiege by television crews
comb
n. toothed object used to arrange hair; fowl’s fleshy crest; honeycomb; narrow valley
v. arrange with a comb (of hair); groom a horse; search thoroughly
comb1 /kəum US koum/ n
[Language: Old English; Origin: camb]
[C]
a flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for making your hair look tidy
→brush
[C]
a small flat piece of plastic, metal etc with a row of thin teeth on one side, used for keeping your hair back or for decoration
[singular]
if you give your hair a comb, you make it tidy using a comb
Your hair needs a good comb.
[C]
the red piece of flesh that grows on top of a male chicken’s head
[C]
a honeycomb
→ fine-tooth comb comb 2
comb2 v [T]
to make hair look tidy using a comb
Melanie ran upstairs to comb her hair .
to search a place thoroughly
comb sth for sb/sth
Police are still combing the woods for the missing boy.
comb out [comb sth⇔out] phr v
to use a comb to make untidy hair look smooth and tidy
She sat combing out her hair in front of the kitchen mirror.
comb through [comb through sth] phr v
to search through a lot of objects or information in order to find a specific thing or piece of information
We spent weeks combing through huge piles of old documents.
n. tarak, fırça, ibik; tepelik, sorguç, tepe kısmı
v. taramak, arayıp taramak, aramak, ayırmak, kaşağılamak
n. peigne, crête, cimier; rayon de miel
v. peigner, se peigner; se briser
e: Government and private search parties combed the region
lair
n. den of a wild animal; hideout, secret place
lair /leə US ler/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: leger ‘act of lying, bed’]
the place where a wild animal hides and sleeps
= den
a place where you go to hide or to be alone
= den
a smuggler’s lair
محل استراحت جانور، کنام، لانه ، گل، لجن ، گل آلود کردن ، استراحت کردن ، بلانه پناه بردن .
n. in, ağıl, yatacak yer, haydut yatağı, sığınak
n. tanière, repaire
consensus
n. general agreement, majority
con·sen·sus /kənˈsensəs/ n [singular, U]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , from the past participle of consentire; CONSENT2]
an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts
consensus on/about
a lack of consensus about the aims of the project
consensus that
There is a consensus among teachers that children should have a broad understanding of the world.
The EU Council of Finance Ministers failed to reach a consensus on the pace of integration.
the current consensus of opinion
The general consensus was that technology was a good thing.
the consensus politics of the fifties
توافق عام، رضایت وموافقت عمومی، وفاق، اجماع.
n. fikir birliği, ortak görüş, oybirliği; organların etkileşimi
n. consensus, unanimité; accord
e: The consensus among conservationists is that
tick
n. ticking sound; credit; small parasitic bloodsucking arachnid which can sometimes be the carrier of infectious diseases; light mattress; cover of a mattress or pillow; mark that indicates that something has been noted or done
v. make a ticking sound (like a clock); mark, indicate, check off (as a list), put a check mark on; sew (a mattress); go on credit
tick1 /tɪk/ n
[Sense: 1,3-5; Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Origin unknown.]
[Sense: 2; Origin: Old English ticia]
[C] BrE
a mark written next to an answer, something on a list etc, to show that it is correct or has been dealt with
American Equivalent: check
Put a tick in the box if you agree with this statement.
→ cross 2 (2b)
[C]
a very small animal like an insect that lives under the skin of other animals and sucks their blood
[singular]
the short repeated sound that a clock or watch makes every second
[C] spoken especially BrE a very short time
= moment
I’ll be with you in a tick (=soon) .
It’ll only take two ticks.
on tick
BrE informal old-fashioned if you buy something on tick, you arrange to take it now and pay later
= credit tick 2
tick2 v
[I] also tick away
if a clock or watch ticks, it makes a short repeated sound
The old clock ticked noisily.
[T] BrE
to mark a test, list of questions etc with a tick, in order to show that something is correct, to choose something etc
American Equivalent: check
Tick the description that best fits you.
Just tick the box on your order form.
what makes sb tick informal
the thoughts, feelings, opinions etc that give someone their character or make them behave in a particular way
I’ve never really understood what makes her tick.
tick away/by/past phr v
if time ticks away, by, or past, it passes, especially when you are waiting for something to happen
We need a decision - time’s ticking away.
The minutes ticked past and still she didn’t call.
tick off [tick sb/sth⇔off] phr v
BrE informal to tell someone angrily that you are annoyed with them or disapprove of them
Mrs Watts will tick you off if you’re late again.
BrE to mark the things on a list with a tick to show that they have been dealt with, chosen etc
American Equivalent: check off
As you finish each task, tick it off.
Have you ticked off Kate’s name on the list?
AmE informal to annoy someone
Her attitude is really ticking me off.
AmE to tell someone a list of things, especially when you touch a different finger as you say each thing on the list
Carville began ticking off points on his fingers.
tick over phr v
if an engine ticks over, it works while the vehicle is not moving
Mark left the engine ticking over and went back inside.
if a system, business etc ticks over, it continues working but without producing very much or without much happening
The business is just about ticking over.
Jane will keep things ticking over while I’m away.
تیک تیک ، چوبخط، سخت ترین مرحله ، علامت، نشانی که دررسیدگی و تطبیق ارقام بکارمیرود، خطنشان گذاردن ، خط کشیدن ، چوبخط زدن ، نسیه بردن ، انواع ساس وکنه وغریب گز وغیره .
n. kene, saat sesi, saniye, tıkırtı, doğrulama işareti, kılıf, kot kumaş, kredi, veresiye
v. tıkırdamak, tık tık etmek, işaretlemek
n. tic-tac, son ou mécanisme d’une horloge; instant, moment, crédit; tique, petit parasite Acarien du chien, des ruminants; coche, marque ou signe qui indique que l’on a noté qqch; coutil; toile à matelas
v. faire tic tac (horloge); indiquer, marquer, cocher, pointer (liste); coudre (matelas); prendre un crédit
elusive
adj. hard to grasp, difficult to understand; evasive, tending to escape
e·lu·sive /ɪˈluːsɪv/ adj
an elusive person or animal is difficult to find or not often seen
She managed to get an interview with that elusive man.
an elusive result is difficult to achieve
She enjoys a firm reputation in this country but wider international success has been elusive.
an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe or understand
For me, the poem has an elusive quality.
>elusively adv
>elusiveness n [U]
گریزان ، فراری، کسی که از دیگران دوری میکند، طفره زن .
adj. kaçamaklı, yakalanması zor, akla gelmeyen, anlaşılmaz, güvenilmez, kaypak
adj. insaisissable, fuyant
e: animals can be notoriously elusive
plausible
adj. conceivable, imaginable; believable, credible; superficially pleasing, making a good impression (about a person)
plau·si·ble /ˈplɔːzɪbəl US ˈplɔː-/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: plausibilis ‘worth applauding’, from plaudere; PLAUDITS]
reasonable and likely to be true or successful
≠ implausible
His story certainly sounds plausible.
a plausible explanation
someone who is plausible is good at talking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in fact be lying
a plausible liar
>plausibly adv
>plausibility /ˌplɔːzɪˈbɪlɪti US ˌplɔː-/ n [U]
باورکردنی، پذیرفتنی، قابل استماع، محتمل.
adj. akla yakın, makul, mantıklı, yüze gülücü, olası
adj. plausible, vraisemblable; qui fait une bonne impression
hoax
n. mischievous deception, act intended to deceive or trick
v. trick, deceive, dupe
hoax /həuks US houks/ n [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Probably from hocus; HOCUS-POCUS]
a false warning about something dangerous
a bomb hoax
hoax calls (=telephone calls giving false information) to the police
an attempt to make people believe something that is not true
an elaborate hoax
شوخی فریب آمیز، گول زدن ، دست انداختن .
n. muziplik, sazanlama, oyun, işletme, kafese koyma
v. işletmek, oyun etmek, sazanlamak
n. farce; attrape
v. monter un canular
notion
n. concept; opinion; idea, urge
no·tion
W3 /ˈnəuʃən US ˈnou-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: notio, from notus; NOTICE2]
an idea, belief, or opinion
notion of
misguided notions of male superiority
The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years.
She had only a vague notion of what she wanted to do.
notion that
the notion that human beings are basically good
She had no notion what he meant.
accept/challenge/reject etc a notion
They reject the notion of group guilt.
notions [plural] AmE
small things such as thread and buttons that are used for sewing
(notional) تصور، اندیشه ، فکر، نظریه ، خیال، ادراک ، فکری.تصور، مفهوم.
n. kavram, fikir, görüş, kanı, eğilim, heves
n. notion, concept; opinion; idée
e: you have no notion of what you are looking for
e2 :notional loads
induction
n. causing, bringing about; introduction, initiation; formal installation in an office; act or process of deriving a general proposition from certain facts; production of an electric or magnetic state without direct contact (Electricity)
in·duc·tion /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/ n
[U and C]
the introduction of someone into a new job, company, official position etc, or the ceremony at which this is done
induction course/programme/period etc
a two-day induction course
Mrs Simpson is responsible for the induction of new library staff.
[U and C] medical
the process of making a woman give birth to her baby by giving her a special drug
[U] technical
the production of electricity in one object by another that already has electrical or magnetic power
[U] technical
a process of thought that uses known facts to produce general rules or principles
→ deduction
قیاس، قیاس کل از جزئ، استنتاج، القائ، ایراد، ذکر، پیش سخن ، مقدمه ، استقرائ.استقرائ، القائ.
n. resmen göreve başlatma, başlatma, askere alma, giriş, ileri sürme, neden olma, tümevarım, indüksiyon, indükleme
n. installation; apport; induction; admission, entrée; aspiration
e: inductive and deductive reasoning
serendipity
n. ability to make valuable discoveries by accident
ser·en·dip·i·ty /ˌserənˈdɪpɪti/ n [U] literary
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Serendip ancient name of Sri Lanka; because it was an ability possessed by the main characters in the old Persian story The Three Princes of Serendip]
when interesting or valuable discoveries are made by accident
→luck
خوشبختی، تحصیل نعمت غیر مترقبه ، نعمت غیر مترقبه .
(i.) beklenmedik şeyler bulma şansı.
n. sérendipité, habilité à faire des découvertes de valeurs fortuitement
sagacity
n. wisdom, shrewdness, judiciousness, cleverness
sa·ga·ci·ty /səˈgæsɪti/ n [U] formal
good judgment and understanding
= wisdom
هوشمندی، فراست، هوش، دانائی، عقل، زیرکی، ذکاوت.
i. ariflik, akıllılık, zeka.
n. sagacité, perspicacité; claivoyance; vivacité d’esprit
e: were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity
rummage
n. thorough and diligent search; old things, miscellaneous items
v. make a thorough search, look for diligently
rum·mage1 /ˈrʌmɪdʒ/ v [I always + adverb/preposition]
also rummage around/about
to search for something by moving things around in a careless or hurried way
rummage in/through etc
Looks like someone’s been rummaging around in my desk. rummage 2
rummage2 n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: arrimage ‘arranging the load in a ship’]
[C usually singular] informal
a careless or hurried search for something
Have a rummage in my jewellery box and see if you can find something you like.
[U] especially AmE old clothes, toys etc that you no longer want
British Equivalent: jumble
جستجو، تحقیق، کاوش، بازرس کشتی، اغتشاش، آشفتگی، خاکروبه ، کاویدن ، زیر و رو کردن ، بهم زدن ، خوب گشتن .
n. mezat malı
v. didik didik aramak, aramak, araştırmak
e: wn. fouille (de vieux objets), vieillerie; choses de rébut; résidus, objets vieillot
v. fouiller, fureter; dénicher
e: were always rummaging about for curiosities
knack
n. special skill, ability; crackle; gist, feel, hang
knack /næk/ n informal
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Dutch or Low German knak ‘(sound of) a sudden blow’, from the sound]
[singular]
a natural skill or ability
→talent knack for doing sth
Some people seem to have a knack for making money.
knack of doing sth
Thomson’s knack of scoring vital goals makes him important to the team.
have a knack of doing sth
BrE to have a tendency to do something
He has a knack of saying the wrong thing.
صدای شکستگی، صدای شلاق، استعداد، حقه ، طرح، ابتکار، زرنگی، مهارت.
n. beceri, ustalık, işin sırrı, püf noktası
n. tour de main, talent, don, habilité; capacité, pouvoir, compétence; truc, chic
e: Some people just seemed to have a knack for that sort of thing
nose-thumbing
مسخره کردن با انگشت روی دماغ
benign
adj. non-malignant; favorable; kind, gentle; compassionate
be·nign /bɪˈnaɪn/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: benigne, from Latin benignus, from bene ‘well’ + gigni ‘to be born’]
kind and gentle
He shook his head in benign amusement.
a benign tumour (=unnatural growth in the body) is not caused by cancer
≠ malignant
مهربان ، ملایم، لطیف، ( طب ) خوش خیم، بی خطر.
adj. iyi huylu, sevecen, iyi kâlpli, iyicil (tümör), tehlikesiz, yararlı
adj. bénin; beau, bon; au coeur généreux; favorable, gentil, plaisant, agréable; compatissant; doux
e: Medawar took as a benign nose-thumbing at Dreams of Method
denigrate
v. criticize; treat in a disrespectful manner; defame
den·i·grate /ˈdenɪˈgreɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: denigrare, from niger ‘black’]
to say things to make someone or something seem less important or good
people who denigrate their own country
>denigration /ˌdenɪˈgreɪʃən/ n [U]
v. karalamak, iftira etmek, kötülemek; çekiştirmek
لکه دار کردن ،سياه کردن ،بد نام کردن
v. dénigrer
e: aspect was taken by some as dangerous denigration
aphorism
n. concise saying which expresses a general truth
aph·o·ris·m /ˈæfərɪzəm/ n [C] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: aphorisme, from Late Latin, from Greek aphorismos ‘definition, aphorism’, from aphorizein ‘to define’]
a short phrase that contains a wise idea
>aphoristic /ˌæfəˈrɪstɪk/ adj
سخن کوتاه ، کلام موجز، پند، کلمات قصار، پند و موعظه .
n. özdeyiş, vecize
n. aphorisme; mots d’esprits
e: the aphorism of choice came from no less an authority
regiment
n. military unit composed of two or more battalions
v. organize, arrange systematically; control, impose authority on
re·gi·ment1 /ˈredʒɪmənt/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Late Latin regimentum, from Latin regere; REGENT]
a large group of soldiers, usually consisting of several battalions
a large number of people, animals, or things
regiment of
a regiment of ants
>regimental /ˌredʒɪˈmentl/ adj
the regimental commander regiment 2
re·gi·ment2 /ˈredʒɪment/ v [T usually passive]
to organize and control people firmly and usually too strictly
the regimented routine of boarding school
>regimentation /ˌredʒɪmenˈteɪʃən/ n [U]
نظ. ) هنگ ، گروه بسیار، دسته دسته کردن ، تنظیم کردن .
n. alay, sürü, kalabalık
v. alay haline getirmek, gruplaştırmak, sistematik olarak düzene sokmak, disiplin altına almak
n. régiment, brigade; escadron, bataillon
v. embrigader, enrégimenter; réglementer
e: The notion that industry was invariably committed to the regimentation of scientific research just doesn’t wash
buttress
n. support, brace
v. support, reinforce
but·tress1 /ˈbʌtrəs/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: boterez, from boter; BUTT2]
a brick or stone structure built to support a wall buttress 2
buttress2 v [T] formal
to support a system, idea, argument etc, especially by providing money
The evidence seemed to buttress their argument.
شمع پشتیبان دیوار، حائل، نگهدار، پایه ، شمع زدن ، محکم بستن ، دارای شمع یاحائل.
n. destek, ayak, payanda
v. desteklik etmek, desteklemek, perçinleştirmek
n. contrefort, soutien, support
v. étayer, soutenir, renforcer; arc-bouter; supporter
e: Intending to provide resources for buttressing Christian religion
notorious
adj. infamous, known for disgrace; well-known (usually ignobly)
no·to·ri·ous /nəuˈtɔːriəs, nə- US nou-, nə-/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: notorius, from Latin notus; NOTICE2]
famous or well-known for something bad
= infamous
a notorious computer hacker
notorious cases of human rights abuses
notorious for
a judge notorious for his cruelty and corruption
>notoriously adv
Statistics can be notoriously unreliable.
The program is notoriously difficult to learn.
بدنام رسوا.
adj. adı çıkmış, dile düşmüş, kötü tanınmış
adj. notoire, mal famé; célèbre
compromise
n. settling of a disagreement by making mutual concessions
v. settle a disagreement by making mutual concessions
com·pro·mise1 /ˈkɔmprəmaɪz US ˈkɑːm-/ n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: compromis, from Latin compromissum ‘joint promise’, from compromittere, from com- ( COM-) + promittere ( PROMISE2)]
[U and C]
an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first, or the act of making this agreement
Compromise is an inevitable part of marriage.
To stop the argument they decided on a compromise.
compromise with
Fresh attempts at compromise with the legislature were also on the agenda.
compromise between
a compromise between government and opposition
If moderates fail to reach a compromise , the extremists will dominate the agenda.
Everyone has to be prepared to make compromises .
[C]
a solution to a problem in which two things or situations are changed slightly so that they can exist together
compromise between
a happy compromise between the needs of family and work compromise 2
compromise2 v
[I]
to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less that what they wanted at first
She admitted that she was unable to compromise.
compromise with
His work-mates demanded that he never compromise with the bosses.
compromise on
The new regime was prepared to compromise on the oil dispute.
[T]
to do something which is against your principles and which therefore seems dishonest or shameful
compromise your principles/standards/integrity etc
As soon as you compromise your principles you are lost.
compromise yourself
She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.
تراضی، مصالحه ، توافق، مصالحه کردن ، تسویه کردن .
n. uzlaşma, uyuşma, ödün, taviz, ödün vererek anlaşmaya varma
v. uzlaştırmak, ara bulmak, uzlaşmak, anlaşmak, gölge düşürmek, riske atmak
n. compromis; transaction
v. compromettre, se compromettre; transiger, composer
bail
n. money pledged in order to release someone from jail; freeing from jail by a sum of money; pail, bucket
v. free a person from jail by pledging a sum of money; empty out water; rescue from distress; leave, depart (Slang); temporarily give property to another person without transferring ownership
bail1 /beɪl/ n
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: ‘keeping someone as a prisoner’, from baillier ‘to deliver, keep as a prisoner’, from Medieval Latin bajulare ‘to control’, from Latin bajulus ‘someone who carries loads’]
[U]
money left with a court of law to make sure that a prisoner will return when their trial starts
Carpenter is free on bail while he appeals his conviction.
She was murdered by a man who was out on bail for rape.
The three men were released on bail pending an appeal.
He is not likely to be granted bail .
Carter has been refused bail and will remain in custody.
The judge ordered that Jones be held without bail .
Why can’t you ask your father to put up bail for you?
Two of the defendants jumped bail and fled to New York.
Bail was set at $30,000.
[C usually plural]
one of the two small pieces of wood laid on top of the stumps in a game of cricket
——————————————————————————–
COLLOCATES for sense 1
(out) on bail
release somebody on bail
grant somebody bail
refuse somebody bail
post bail
hold somebody without bail (=make someone stay in prison until their trial)
stand bail/put up bail BrE (=pay someone’s bail)
jump bail also skip bail British English (=not return to trial as you promised)
set somebody’s bail at something (=say how much bail they must pay)
conditional bail BrE (=bail given if someone agrees to do something)
unconditional bail BrE (=bail given without having to agree to do something)
——————————————————————————–
bail 2
bail2 v
[Sense: 1-2, 4-6; Date: 1600-1700; Origin: bail ‘container for liquids’ (15-19 centuries), from Old French baille, from Medieval Latin bajula, from Latin bajulus ( BAIL1); bail out]
[Sense: 3; Origin: BAIL1]
also bail out
AmE bale out BrE [I] informal
to escape from a situation that you do not want to be in any more
After ten years in the business, McArthur is baling out.
I don’t know anybody at this party - let’s bail.
[T usually passive] BrE
if someone is bailed, they are let out of prison to wait for their trial after they have left a sum of money with the court
Dakers was bailed to appear at Durham Crown Court.
bail out phr v
bail sb/sth⇔out also bale somebody/something⇔out BrE
to do something to help someone out of trouble, especially financial problems
Some local businesses have offered to bail out the museum.
Sutton bailed his team out with a goal in the last minute.
bail sb⇔out
to leave a large sum of money with a court so that someone can be let out of prison while waiting for their trial
Clarke’s family paid £500 to bail him out.
AmE also bale out
to escape from a plane, using a parachute
bail sth⇔out also bale something⇔out BrE
to remove water that has come into a boat
توقیف، حبس، واگذاری، انتقال، ضمانت، کفالت، بامانت سپردن ، کفیل گرفتن ، تسمه ، حلقه دور چلیک ، سطل، بقید کفیل آزاد کردن .
n. kefil, kefalet, teminât; çember, kulp
v. kefaletle serbest bırakmak, kurtarmak; emanet etmek, suyunu boşaltmak (kayık)
n. caution, libération sous caution; cautionnement; garant; somme fournie à titre de cautionnement; écope; seau
v. accorder la liberté provisoire à, libérer sous caution; écoper (vider de son eau un navire); délivrer du danger; partir, quitter, s’en aller (Familier); tirer qqn d’affaire, tirer d’un mauvais pas
e: Ronaldinho released from Paraguayan prison on bail
crate
n. wooden box; old car, old plane, piece of junk (Slang)
v. pack in a crate or box
crate1 /kreɪt/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: cratis ‘framework of thin woven branches’]
a large box made of wood or plastic that is used for carrying fruit, bottles etc
crate of
a crate of beer
old-fashioned a very old car or plane that does not work very well crate 2
crate2 also crate up v [T]
to pack things into a crate
صندوقی که چینی یا شیشه درآن میگذارند، صندوقه ، درجعبه گذاردن ، جعبه بندی(چینی آلات).
n. kasa, sandık, büyük sepet; küfe
v. kasaya yerleştirmek, sandıklamak; küfelemek
n. caisse; cageot; vieille voiture, ferraille, débris
v. mettre en caisse
e: Sherlock, are these crates for u?!
grudge
n. resentment, envy, grievance, enmity, bitterness
v. begrudge, resent, envy; give reluctantly; maintain enmity
grudge1 /grʌdʒ/ n [C]
a feeling of dislike for someone because you cannot forget that they harmed you in the past
grudge against
Is there anyone who might have had a grudge against her?
Mr Gillis was not normally a man to bear grudges .
I’m not harbouring some secret grudge against you.
It could be the work of someone with a grudge against the company.
You let nasty little personal grudges creep in.
grudge fight/match
a fight or sports competition between two people who dislike each other a lot
——————————————————————————–
COLLOCATES for sense 1
have/bear/hold a grudge
harbour/nurse a grudge (=try to continue feeling dislike for a long time)
someone/an employee etc with a grudge
personal grudge
——————————————————————————–
grudge 2
grudge2 v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: grouchier; GROUCH1]
to do or give something very unwillingly
grudge doing sth
I really grudge paying for poor service.
grudge sb sth
I don’t grudge him his success.
>grudging adj [usually before noun]
a grudging apology
He looked at Nick with grudging respect.
>grudgingly adv
He grudgingly admitted he’d been wrong.
بی میلی، اکراه ، بیزاری، لج، کینه ، غرض، غبطه ، بخل ورزیدن ، لجاجت کردن ، غبطه خوردن بر، رشک ورزیدن به ، غرغر کردن .
n. kin, garez, kıskanma, kincilik, hınç, garaz, kindarlık
v. isteksizce vermek, isteksiz olmak, esirgemek, haset etmek
n. animosité; rancune; hostilité, inimitié; plainte; jalousie, envie
v. garder rancune; garder une inimitié; donner sans volonté; sans laisser passer; envier
e: does still Trump holding a grudge against Mitt Romney
distress
n. extreme danger; trouble, hardship
v. upset, sadden, trouble, grieve; make a piece of furniture appear old, antique (by denting, scratching, painting, etc.)
dis·tress1 /dɪˈstres/ n [U]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: destresse, from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere ‘to pull apart, prevent from acting or leaving’]
a feeling of extreme unhappiness
Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress.
in distress
The girl was crying and clearly in distress.
suffering and problems caused by a lack of money, food etc
acute financial distress
in distress
charities that aid families in distress
formal great physical pain
a situation when a ship, aircraft etc is in danger and needs help
We picked up a distress signal 6 km away.
in distress
The ship is in distress and taking on water. distress 2
distress2 v [T]
to make someone feel very upset
The dream had distressed her greatly.
پریشانی، اندوه ، محنت، تنگدستی، درد، مضطرب کردن ، محنت زده کردن .n. üzüntü, dert, acı, ızdırap, felâket, sıkıntı; tehlike (gemi); haciz
v. üzmek, acı vermek; sıkmak, endişelendirmek; haczetmek, el koymak
n. angoisse, misère, danger, détresse
v. attrister, chagriner
e: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.
catch
n. capture; loot; latch; sarcasm; trick, something suspicious; romantic partner with many positive qualities (Slang)
v. capture; trap; understand; stick; be held, be involved
catch1 W1S1 /kætʃ/ v past tense and past participle caught /kɔːt US kɔːt/
1【take and hold】
2【find/stop somebody】
3【see somebody doing something】
4【illness】
5 catch somebody by surprise/catch somebody off guard
6 catch somebody with their pants/trousers down
7【animal/fish】
8 catch a train/plane/bus
9【not miss somebody/something】
10【get stuck】
11 catch somebody’s attention/interest/imagination etc
12 not catch something
13【hear】
14 catch you later
15【do/see something】
16 catch a ride
17 you won’t catch me doing something
18 catch it
19 catch a glimpse of somebody/something
20 catch sight of somebody/something
21【describe well】
22【burn】
23 catch somebody’s eye
24 catch yourself doing something
25【hit】
26 be caught in/without etc something
27 catch your breath
28【container】
29【shine】
30 catch the sun
31【wind】
32【sport】
Phrasal verbs
catch at something
catch on
catch somebody out
catch up
catch up with somebody
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old North French; Origin: cachier ‘to hunt’, from Vulgar Latin captiare, from Latin captare ‘to try to catch’, from capere ‘to take’]
【TAKE AND HOLD】
a) [I and T]
to get hold of and stop an object such as a ball that is moving through the air
→throw
Stephen leapt up and caught the ball in one hand.
’Pass me that pen, would you?’ ‘Here you are. Catch!’
The kids were throwing and catching a frisbee down on the beach.
b) [T]
to suddenly take hold of someone or something with your hand
He caught her elbow to steady her.
Miss Perry caught hold of my sleeve and pulled me back.
【FIND/STOP SOMEBODY】 [T]
a) to stop someone after you have been chasing them and not let them get away
’You can’t catch me!’ she yelled, running away.
b) to find a criminal or enemy and stop them from escaping
= capture
State police have launched a massive operation to catch the murderer.
If you go back to the city you’re bound to get caught .
【SEE SOMEBODY DOING SOMETHING】 [T]
to see someone doing something that they did not want you to know they were doing
catch sb doing sth
I caught him reading my private letters.
Gemma turned around and caught the stranger looking at her intently.
catch sb in the act (of doing sth)
(=catch someone while they are doing something illegal)
The gang was caught in the act of unloading the cigarettes.
He was caught red-handed (=as he was doing something wrong) taking money from the cash register.
catch sb at it
We knew he’d been cheating, but we’d never caught him at it before.
【ILLNESS】 [T]
to get an infectious disease
Anton caught malaria while he was in Mali, and nearly died.
Many young people are still ignorant about how HIV is caught.
catch sth from/off sb/sth
In these areas, typhoid and cholera are often caught from contaminated water supplies.
I caught chicken pox off my friend at school and had to stay home for two weeks.
catch your death (of cold)
BrE spoken (=get a very bad cold)
Don’t stand out there in the rain. You’ll catch your death.
catch sb by surprise/catch sb off guard also catch sb napping/unawares
catch sb on the hop BrE
to do something or to happen when someone is not expecting it or prepared for it
Her question caught him off guard.
catch sb with their pants/trousers down
to discover that someone is doing something that they should not be doing or has not done something that they should have done
He’s not the first politician to be caught with his pants down, and he won’t be the last.
【ANIMAL/FISH】 [T]
to trap an animal or fish by using a trap, net, or hook, or by hunting it
Did you catch any fish?
Early settlers caught rabbits and squirrels and even rats in order to survive.
catch a train/plane/bus
to get on a train, plane etc in order to travel on it, or to be in time to get on a train, plane etc before it leaves
I caught the 7.15 train to London.
There’s a train in now. If you run, you’ll just catch it.
I have to hurry - I have a bus to catch .
【NOT MISS SOMEBODY/SOMETHING】 [T]
to not be too late to do something, see something, talk to someone etc
≠ miss
I managed to catch her just as she was leaving.
I just caught the last few minutes of the documentary.
Tumours like these can be treated quite easily if they’re caught early enough.
catch the post
BrE (=post letters in time for them to be collected that day)
【GET STUCK】 [I and T]
if your hand, finger, clothing etc catches or is caught in something, it gets stuck in it accidentally
His overalls caught in the engine.
Her microphone was forever getting caught on her clothes.
catch sb’s attention/interest/imagination etc
to make you notice something and feel interested in it
Lucie whistled sharply to catch the other girl’s attention.
This is a story that will catch the imagination of every child.
not catch sth
spoken to not hear or understand what someone says
I’m afraid I didn’t catch your name.
【HEAR】 [T]
to manage to hear a sound
I caught the muffled thud of a car door slamming in the street.
catch you later
spoken used to say goodbye
’I’ll give you a call in a couple days.’ ‘Okay. Catch you later.’
【DO/SEE SOMETHING】 [T]
spoken especially AmE to go somewhere in order to do or see something
We could catch a movie (=go to a movie) .
M Records caught his act and signed him immediately.
catch a ride
AmE spoken to go somewhere in someone else’s car
I caught a ride as far as Columbus.
you won’t catch me doing sth also you won’t catch me somewhere
spoken used to say that you would never do something
I love dancing but you won’t catch me being the first on the dance floor!
catch it informal
to be punished by someone such as a parent or teacher because you have done something wrong
You’ll catch it if Dad finds out where you’ve been.
catch a glimpse of sb/sth
to see someone or something for a very short time
Fans waited for hours at the airport to catch a glimpse of their idol.
catch sight of sb/sth
to suddenly see someone or something that you have been looking for or have been hoping to see
I caught sight of her in the crowd.
【DESCRIBE WELL】 [T]
to show or describe the character or quality of something well in a picture, piece of writing etc
= capture
a novel that catches the mood of post-war Britain
【BURN】
a) catch fire
if something catches fire, it starts to burn accidentally
Two farm workers died when a barn caught fire.
b) [I]
if a fire catches, it starts to burn
For some reason the charcoal wasn’t catching.
catch sb’s eye
a) to attract someone’s attention and make them look at something
Out on the freeway, a billboard caught his eye.
b) to look at someone at the same moment that they are looking at you
Every time she caught his eye, she would glance away embarrassed.
catch yourself doing sth
to suddenly realize you are doing something
Standing there listening to the song, he caught himself smiling from ear to ear.
【HIT】 [T]
to hit someone in or on a particular part of their body
The punch caught him right in the face.
be caught in/without etc sth
to be in a situation that you cannot easily get out of or in which you do not have something you need
We got caught in a rainstorm on the way here.
Here’s a useful tip if you’re caught without a mirror.
catch your breath
a) to pause for a moment after a lot of physical effort in order to breathe normally again
Hang on a minute - let me catch my breath!
b) to stop breathing for a moment because something has surprised, frightened, or shocked you
c) to take some time to stop and think about what you will do next after having been very busy or active
It was an enforced absence from work, but at least it gave me a little time to catch my breath before the final push.
【CONTAINER】 [T]
if a container catches liquid, it is in a position where the liquid falls into it
Place the baking sheet under the muffin pan to catch the drips.
【SHINE】 [T]
if the light catches something or if something catches the light, the light shines on it
The sunlight caught her hair and turned it to gold.
catch the sun informal
if you catch the sun, your skin becomes red and sometimes sore because of the effects of sunlight
You’ve caught the sun on the back of your neck.
【WIND】 [T]
if something catches the wind or the wind catches something, it blows on it
Gary swung the sail round to catch the light wind.
【SPORT】
a) [T]
to end a player’s innings in cricket by catching the ball that is hit off their bat before it touches the ground
b) [I]
to be the catcher in a game of baseball
catch at [catch at sth] phr v
to try to take hold of something
She caught at his arm, ‘Hang on. I’m coming with you.’
catch on phr v
to become popular and fashionable
The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.
to begin to understand or realize something
catch on to
It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing.
catch out [catch sb out] phr v
to make someone make a mistake, especially deliberately and in order to prove that they are lying
The interviewer may try to catch you out.
if something unexpected catches you out, it puts you in a difficult situation because you were not expecting it or not fully prepared for it
Even the best whitewater rafters get caught out by the fierce rapids here.
catch up phr v
to improve and reach the same standard as other people in your class, group etc
If you miss a lot of classes, it’s very difficult to catch up.
catch up with
At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.
to come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster
catch up with
Drive faster - they’re catching up with us.
catch sb up BrE
You go on ahead. I’ll catch you up in a minute.
to do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now
catch up on
I have some work to catch up on.
I need to catch up on some sleep (=after a period without enough sleep) .
to spend time finding out what has been happening while you have been away or during the time you have not seen someone
catch up on
The first thing I did when I got home was to phone up Jo and catch up on all the gossip.
I’ll leave you two alone - I’m sure you’ve got a lot of catching up to do.
be/get caught up in sth
to be or get involved in something, especially something bad
I didn’t want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.
catch up with [catch up with sb] phr v
to finally find someone who has been doing something illegal and punish them
It took six years for the law to catch up with them.
if something bad from the past catches up with you, you cannot avoid dealing with it any longer
At the end of the movie his murky past catches up with him. catch 2
catch2 n
[C]
an act of catching a ball that has been thrown or hit
Hey! Nice catch!
[C usually singular] informal
a hidden problem or difficulty
This deal looks too good to be true - there must be a catch somewhere.
the catch is (that)
The catch is that you can’t enter the competition unless you’ve spent $100 in the store.
[C]
a hook or something similar for fastening a door or lid and keeping it shut
[C]
a quantity of fish that has been caught at one time
[U]
a simple game in which two or more people throw a ball to each other
Let’s go outside and play catch.
a catch in your voice/throat
a short pause that you make when you are speaking because, you feel upset or are beginning to cry
There was a catch in Anne’s voice and she seemed close to tears.
a (good) catch
someone who is a good person to have a relationship with or to marry because they are rich, attractive etc - often used humorously
گرفتن ، از هوا گرفتن ، بدست آوردن ، جلب کردن ، درک کردن ، فهمیدن ، دچار شدن به ، عمل گرفتن ، اخذ، دستگیره ، لغت چشمگیر، شعار.
n. yakalama, tutma av; aldatmaca, voli, kâr; kilit dili, kanca, hile, bityeniği, tuzak; topluca söylenen şarkı
v. yakalamak, tutmak, yetişmek, basmak, baskın yapmak, kapmak, gafil avlamak, edinmek (alışkanlık), cezbetmek, çekmek, enselemek, anlamak, kavramak, tutunmak, yakalanmak, tutuşmak, maruz kalmak, takılmak, vurmak, tokat atmak, çalışmak (mekanizma), sıkışmak, geçmek, bulaşmak
n. prise (au vol); attaque; prise, pêche; bon parti, futur époux ayant de brillantes qualités (Argot, Familier); capture; loquet; loqueteau; ardillon; crochet d’arrêt; cliquet; attraque, astuce; chanson à refrain, canon; sarcasme
v. attraper, prendre, saisir; pêcher; attraper, ne pas manquer (train); attirer; saisir, percevoir; rencontrer (regard); comprendre; attraper (une maladie); contracter (habitude); saisir de; se compliquer
e: although Morses hardware was simple, there was a catch
adulate
v. flatter or admire excessively
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English adulacion, from Old French, from Latin adulation-, adulatio, from adulari to fawn on (of dogs), flatter
Date: 14th century
: excessive or slavish admiration or flattery
–ad·u·late 'a-jə-ˌlāt, -dyə-, -də-\ transitive verb
–ad·u·la·tor -ˌlā-tər\ noun
–ad·u·la·to·ry -lə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
v. dalkavukluk etmek, pohpohlamak, yaltaklanmak
v. aduler
e: After a lavish banquet and many adulatory speeches, Morse …
farewell
n. parting, leave-taking; expression of good wishes at parting; party for one about to leave or retire
adj. of or relating to leave-taking, marking a separation
interj. goodbye, bye, so long
fare·well1 /ˌfeəˈwel US ˌfer-/ n
[U and C] old-fashioned the action of saying goodbye
Mourners gathered to bid farewell to the victims of the plane tragedy.
a farewell speech
farewell party/dinner/drink etc
a party or dinner that you have because someone is leaving a job, city etc
40 of her colleagues gathered for her farewell presentation. farewell 2
farewell2 interjection old use
goodbye
بدرود، وداع، خدا نگهدار، خداحافظ، تودیع، تودیع کردن .
n. elveda, veda
adj. veda, son
interj. elveda, uğurlar olsun, güle güle
n. adieu; soirée d’adieux; voeux de départ
adj. d’adieu, qui signifie la séparation, le départ
interj. adieux (formule de séparation)
ovation
n. Roman military celebration of victory; public praise; prolonged applause from an audience
o·va·tion /əuˈveɪʃən US ou-/ n [C] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: ovatio, from ovare ‘to show great happiness’]
if a group of people give someone an ovation, they clap to show approval
The Chancellor’s entrance was greeted with a standing ovation (=everyone stood up) .
Fans gave the rock group a thunderous ovation.
ستایش و استقبال، شادی و سرور عمومی، تحسین حضار.
n. çılgınca alkış, alkış yağmuru
n. ovation
e: tapped out his final farewell to a standing ovation
throb
n. beat, pulse, vibration
v. beat, strike
throb1 /θrɔb US θrɑːb/ v past tense and past participle throbbed present participle throbbing [I]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from the sound]
if a part of your body throbs, you have a feeling of pain in it that regularly starts and stops
The back of my neck throbbed painfully.
throb with
Her foot was throbbing with pain.
I woke up with a throbbing headache .
if music or a machine throbs, it makes a low sound or vibration with a strong regular beat
a throbbing bass line
if your heart throbs, it beats faster or more strongly than usual
if a place throbs with life, energy etc, it has a lot of life etc
The river is throbbing with life. throb 2
throb2 also throb·bing /ˈθrɔbɪŋ US ˈθrɑː-/ n [C]
a low strong regular beat or sensation
throb of
the throb of the engines
a steady throb of pain
→ heartthrob
تپش، زدن ، تپیدن ، لرزیدن ، تپش داشتن ، ضربان .
n. çarpıntı, nabız atışı, zonklama
v. çarpmak (kalp), zonklmak, titremek
n. pulsation; vibration; battement; élancement
v. palpiter, battre
e: submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code
precursor
n. precedent, antecedent; predecessor (in a job or position); herald or harbinger; announcer, crier
pre·cur·sor /prɪˈkəːsə US -ˈkəːrsər/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: praecursor, from praecurrere ‘to run in front’]
formal something that happened or existed before something else and influenced its development
precursor of/to
a precursor of modern jazz
پیشرو، منادی، ماده متشکله جسم جدید.
n. haberci, müjdeci, önceki görevli, öncü
n. précurseur
e: the rise of automatic telegraphs, precursors of the teleprinter
transpire
v. occur; emit vapor through the surface of an object; become known
tran·spire /trænˈspaɪə US -ˈspaɪr/ v
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: transpirer, from Latin spirare ‘to breathe’]
it transpires that
formal if it transpires that something is true, you discover that it is true
It now transpires that he kept all the money for himself.
[] formal
to happen
Exactly what transpired remains unknown.
[I and T] technical
when a plant transpires, water passes through the surface of its leaves
رویدادن ، بیرون آمدن ، نشرکردن ، نفوذ کردن ، بخار پس دادن ، فاش شدن ، رخنه کردن ، فراتراویدن .
v. terlemek, kokusu çıkmak, sızmak, sızdırmak
v. transpirer; dégager; s’éclaircir, s’avérer; survenir, se produire
e: some people, it soon transpired, had a natural facility for Morse
subculture
خرده فرهنگ
e: Meanwhile a distinct telegraphic sub-culture was emerging, with its own customs and vocabulary
deem
v. suppose, believe, estimate
deem /diːm/ v [T not in progressive] formal
[Language: Old English; Origin: deman]
to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality
= consider deem that
They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
deem sth necessary/appropriate etc
They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.
be deemed to be sth
They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.
be deemed to do sth
UK plans were deemed to infringe EU law.
پنداشتن ، فرض کردن ، خیال کردن .
v. farzetmek, varsaymak, saymak, zannetmek; inanmak; dikkate almak
v. considérer, être d’avis, croire, estimer
e: Telegraphy was also deemed suitable work for women
novice
n. beginner, inexperienced person, trainee
nov·ice /ˈnɔvɪs US ˈnɑː-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Medieval Latin novicius, from Latin novus ‘new’]
someone who has no experience in a skill, subject, or activity
= beginner
The computer course is ideal for novices.
novice at
I’m still a complete novice at the sport.
This trail is not recommended for novice bikers.
someone who has recently joined a religious group to become a monk or nun
تازه کار، نو آموز، مبتدی، جدیدالایمان ، آدم ناشی، نوچه .
n. acemi, yeni, papaz adayı, rahibe adayı
n. novice, débutant
e: From A Novice to An Expert
journeyman
n. person who has studied a trade and is qualified to work with or under a professional; qualified worker, experienced laborer; one who does work for another and is paid by the day
jour·ney·man /ˈdʒəːnimən US -əːr-/ n plural journeymen /-mən/ [C] old-fashioned
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: journey ‘day’s work’ (13-19 centuries) + man]
a trained worker who works for someone else
an experienced worker whose work is acceptable but not excellent
کارگر مزدور، کارگر ماهر.
n. ustabaşı, usta
n. homme de peine (payé à la journée); salarié
skilled worker
innate
adj. native, natural, inborn; inherent
in·nate /ˌɪˈneɪt/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of innasci, from nasci ‘to be born’]
an innate quality or ability is something you are born with
Children have an innate ability to learn language.
an innate belief is something you feel strongly about and are unlikely to change
the innate conservatism of the farming community
>innately adv
the army’s innately conservative values
درون زاد، ذاتی، فطری، جبلی، مادرزاد، طبیعی، لاینفک ، اصلی، داخلی، درونی، چسبنده ، غریزی.
adj. doğuştan olan, allah vergisi, doğuştan, doğal
adj. inné; foncier, naturel
e: an innate perceptual skill
heuristic
n. heuristic method, investigative approach to problem solving
adj. serving to discover, investigative
heu·ris·tic /hjuˈrɪstɪk/ adj formal
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: heuristisch, from Greek heuriskein ‘to discover’]
heuristic education is based on discovering and experiencing things for yourself
helping you in the process of learning or discovery
>heuristically /-kli/ adv
پی برنده ، کشف کننده ، اکتشافی، ابتکاری، بحث اکتشافی.ذهنی، غیر مستدل.
(s). keşfe yarayan, anlamaya vesile olan.
n. heuristique ou euristique, aidant à la découverte
adj. heuristique; qui contribue à la découverte d’une solution
e: apply their domain’s heuristics to solve problems
actuary
n. one who calculates insurance risks and premiums according to statistical probabilities
ac·tu·a·ry /ˈæktʃuəri US -tʃueri/ n plural actuaries [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: actuarius, from actum; ACT1]
someone whose job is to advise insurance companies on how much to charge for insurance, after calculating the risks
>actuarial /ˌæktʃuˈeəriəl US -ˈer-/ adj
آمارگیر، ماموراحصائیه ، (م. م. ) دبیر، منشی.
n. aktüer, sigorta uzmanı
n. actuaire
e: expert does not tend to outperform the actuarial table
acute
adj. grave, serious, severe; keen, sharp, sensitive; penetrating, shrewd; less than 90 degrees (Geometry); pointed
a·cute /əˈkjuːt/ adj
——————————————————————————–
1【problem】
2【feeling】
3【illness】
4【senses】
5【intelligent】
6【mathematics】
7【punctuation】
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of acuere ‘to sharpen’, from acus ‘needle’]
【PROBLEM】
an acute problem is very serious
The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.
【FEELING】
an acute feeling is very strong
acute pain
acute embarrassment
acute anxiety
【ILLNESS】
technical an acute illness or disease quickly becomes very serious
≠ chronic
acute arthritis
【SENSES】
acute senses such as hearing, taste, touch etc are very good and sensitive
Young children have a particularly acute sense of smell.
【INTELLIGENT】
quick to notice and understand things
= sharp
Simon’s vague manner concealed an acute mind.
an acute analysis of Middle Eastern politics
【MATHEMATICS】
technical an acute angle is less than 90º
→obtuse
【PUNCTUATION】
an acute accent (=a mark used to show pronunciation) is a small mark written above a vowel. In ‘café’, the letter ‘e’ has an acute accent
→grave, circumflex circumflex
>acuteness n [U]
تیزرو، تیز، نوک تیز، (طب) حاد، بحرانی، زیرک ، تیزنظر، تند، شدید (مو. ) تیز، زیر، (سلسله ئ اعصاب) حساس، (هن. ) حاد، تیز(زاویه ئ حاد، زاویه تند).
adj. keskin, sivri, şiddetli, ; akut, aşırı; dar (açı), ilerlemiş
adj. grave; sérieux; vif; aigu
endorse
v. approve, sanction; sign one’s name (on the back of a check, etc.)
en·dorse /ɪnˈdɔːs US -ɔːrs/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: endosser ‘to put on the back’, from dos ‘back’]
to express formal support or approval for someone or something
endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate etc
The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
if a famous person endorses a product or service, they say in an advertisement that they use and like it
to sign your name on the back of a cheque to show that it is correct
[usually passive] BrE
if your driving licence is endorsed for a driving offence, an official record is made on it to show that you are guilty of the offence
>endorsement n [U and C]
celebrity endorsements
the official endorsement of his candidacy
پشت نویس کردن ، ظهرنویسی کردن ، درپشت سندنوشتن ، امضا کردن ، صحه گذاردن .
v. arkasına yazmak, ciro etmek, onaylamak, desteklemek, havale etmek
v. détourner; approuver; soutenir
e: Obama endorses Biden for president
inception
n. beginning, opening, commencement
in·cep·tion /ɪnˈsepʃən/ n [singular] formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: inceptio, from incipere ‘to begin’]
the start of an organization or institution
a CD collection covering the band from its inception in 1994
آغاز، شروع، درجه گیری، اصل، اکتساب، دریافت، بستن نطفه .
n. başlangıç, başlama
n. début, ouverture, commencement
e: Inception of Our Journey
hover
v. hang suspended in the air, float on air; linger in an area; waver, vacillate
hov·er /ˈhɔvə US ˈhʌvər, ˈhɑː-/ v [I]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: hove ‘to float in the air or on water’ (13-17 centuries)]
if a bird, insect, or helicopter hovers, it stays in one place in the air
hover over/above
flies hovering above the surface of the water
to stay nervously in the same place, especially because you are waiting for something or are not certain what to do
Her younger brother hovered in the background watching us.
hover around/about
I noticed several reporters hovering around outside the courtroom.
[always + adverb/preposition]
if a level, price etc hovers around a certain amount, it stays close to that amount, only changing slightly up or down
hover around/between etc
The dollar has been hovering around the 110 yen level.
درحال توقف پر زدن ، پلکیدن ، شناور وآویزان بودن ، در تردید بودن ، منتظرشدن .
v. üstünde uçmak, etrafında gezinmek, sallanmak, duraksamak, civciv yuvası
v. planer; s’attarder aux environs
e: Imagine a hummingbird hovering almost completely still in the air
e2: hovercraft, hover board
flap
n. loose back and forth movement; sound made by such a movement; moveable part attached only on one side (usually hangs loosely or covers something); uproar, commotion, scandal (Slang); partially separated area of skin (Surgery)
v. loosely move back and forth, flutter (often noisily); move the wings or arms up and down; strike, slap, beat; get excited (Slang)
flap1 /flæp/ n
——————————————————————————–
1【flat piece of something】
2【movement】
3【excitement/worry】
4【part of aircraft】
——————————————————————————–
【FLAT PIECE OF SOMETHING】 [C]
a thin flat piece of cloth, paper, skin etc that is fixed by one edge to a surface, which you can lift up easily
Open the tent flap, will you?
A loose flap of skin covered the wound.
→ cat flap
【MOVEMENT】 [singular]
the noisy movement of something such as cloth in the air
the flap of the sails
【EXCITEMENT/WORRY】
a flap informal
a situation in which people feel very excited or worried about something
be in a flap
Rafi’s in a bit of a flap over the wedding plans.
→ unflappable
【PART OF AIRCRAFT】 [C]
a part of the wing of an aircraft that can be raised or lowered to help the aircraft go up or down flap 2
flap2 v past tense and past participle flapped present participle flapping
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from the sound]
[I and T]
if a bird flaps its wings, it moves them up and down in order to fly
[I and T]
to move quickly up and down or from side to side, often making a noise
The flags were flapping in the breeze.
Flap your arms to keep warm.
[I] BrE informal to behave in an excited or nervous way
There’s no need to flap!
ضربه ، صدای چلپ، آویخته وشل، برگه یا قسمت آویخته ، زبانه کفش، بال وپرزدن مرغبهم زدن ، پرزدن ، دری وری گفتن .
n. çırpma, çırpma sesi, çarpma sesi, kanat sesi, kapak, kanat, ayakkabı dili, telaş, heyecan, sinirlenme
v. kanat çırpmak, savurmak, sallamak, sallanmak, sinirlenmek, telaşlanmak, zırvalamak, saçmalamak
n. battement; coup léger de la main; enflure; battement d’aile; abattant de porte, de table, etc.; revers (du col); lèvre; appendice (médecine); frayeur (argot)
v. battre; claquer (la langue); donner un coup léger de la main; se cogner; agiter; s’agiter; enfler; s’émouvoir (familier)
mainstay
n. strong rope supporting the mainmast of a sailing vessel (Nautical); chief support, something which is greatly relied upon
main·stay /ˈmeɪnsteɪ/ n
the mainstay of sth
a) an important part of something that makes it possible for it to work properly or continue to exist
Agriculture is still the mainstay of the country’s economy.
b) someone who does most of the important work for a group or organization
She was the mainstay of the team.
( دریا نوردی ) مهار اصلی که از نوک شاه دگل تا پای دگل جلو امتداد دارد، تکیه گاه اصلی، وابستگی عمده ، نقطه اتکائ.
n. ana istralya, dayanak noktası
n. base, pilier (économie, philosophie), soutien principal (famille), étai de grand mat (nautique), support principal
e: That is why high-speed cameras have become such a mainstay of biology
entrancing
adj. hypnotizing, enthralling; enrapturing
entrance [en·trance || ‘entrəns]
n. point of entry, way into a building or other structure, gate, doorway
v. hypnotize, place in a trance, enthrall
en·trance1 W3S3 /ˈentrəns/ n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: entrer; ENTER]
[C]
a door, gate etc that you go through to enter a place
≠ exit entrance to/of
the main entrance to the school
front/back/side entrance
the station entrance
entrance hall/foyer/gate etc
[C usually singular]
the act of entering a place or room, especially in a way that people notice
Bridget made a dramatic entrance into the room.
[U]
the right or ability to go into a place
entrance to
Entrance to the museum is free.
Reporters even managed to gain entrance to her hotel.
How much is the entrance fee (=money you pay to get in somewhere) ?
[U]
permission to become a member of or become involved in a profession, university, society etc
the initial interview for entrance to the Civil Service
entrance examinations
[C]
when a person, country, organization etc first becomes involved in a particular area of activity
entrance into
The referendum blocked Switzerland’s entrance into the European Economic Area.
make your/an entrance
to come onto the stage in a play entrance 2
en·trance2 /ɪnˈtrɑːns US -ˈtræns/ v [T usually passive] literary
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: trance]
if someone or something entrances you, they make you give them all your attention because they are so beautiful, interesting etc
I was entranced by the sweetness of her voice.
>entranced adj [not before noun]
She stopped, entranced.
>entrancing adj
entrancing stories
adj. büyüleyici, hayran eden, mest eden
entrance [en·trance || ‘entrəns]
n. giriş, girme, kapı, antre, sahneye çıkma, atılma
v. büyülemek, mest etmek, hayran bırakmak, kendinden geçirmek
adj. enchanteur, passionnant, séduisant; ravissant
entrance [en·trance || ‘entrəns]
n. entrée; accès
v. ennivrer; fasciner
e: The slow-motion video is entrancing
supple
adj. easy to bend, pliant; limber, able to move and bend with ease; compliant, adaptable
sup·ple /ˈsʌpəl/ adj
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: souple, from Latin supplex ‘bending under, willing to obey’]
someone who is supple bends and moves easily and gracefully
≠ stiff
She exercises every day to keep herself supple.
leather, skin, wood etc that is supple is soft and bends easily
>suppleness n [U]
نرم، ( در بافت ) قابل ارتجاع، کش دار، تغییر پذیر، نرم شدن ، راضی شدن ، انعطاف پذیر.
v. yumuşatmak, esnetmek supple 2 [sup·ple || ‘sʌpl]
adj. yumuşak, esnek, elastik, uysal, uyumlu, kıvrak
adj. souple, flexible
e: Every part of the sprinting cat’s anatomy and supple limbs
polymath
n. one who is learned; highly-educated person
بحر العلوم، دانشمند همه چیز دان ، جامع علوم معقول ومنقول.
n. çok bilgili kimse, bilge
n. instruit; connaisseur
dilettante
n. amateur, dabbler, nonprofessional, one who engages in activities for pleasure; person having an amateur interest in the arts
adj. superficial, amateur, nonprofessional
dil·et·tan·te /ˌdɪlɪˈtænti US -ˈtɑːnti/ n [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Italian; Origin: , present participle of dilettare ‘to give pleasure to’, from Latin delectare; DELIGHT2]
someone who is not serious about what they are doing or does not study a subject thoroughly
>dilettante adj [only before noun]
(dilettanti. pl) ناشی، دوستدار تفننی صنایع زیبا، غیر حرفه .
n. amatör, zevk için ilgilenen kimse; güzel sanatlar meraklısı
n. dilettante, amateur
adj. dilettante, superficiel; amateur
epitaph
n. inscription on a gravestone commemorating a deceased person
وفات نامه ، نوشته روی سنگ قبر.
n. mezar yazıtı, kitabe
n. épitaphe
e: Young is a good contender for the epitaph “the last man who knew everything.
contender
n. rival, competitor; applicant (for a position)
con·tend·er /kənˈtendə US -ər/ n [C]
someone or something that is in competition with other people or things
contender for
a contender for the Democratic nomination
serious/strong/leading etc contender
Her new album has to be a strong contender for the Album of the Year award.
n. mücâdele eden kimse, rakip, yarışmacı, iddiacı
برنده احتمالى
ورزش : مدعى در برابر قهرمان
n. concurrent; candidat
paleontology
n. science of the study of geological periods through the study of fossil evidence,pa·le·on’tol·o·gy || ‚pælɪɑn’tɑlədʒɪ /-lɪɒn’tɒl-
pal·e·on·tol·o·gy
palaeontology /ˌpæliɔnˈtɔlədʒi, ˌpeɪ- US ˌpeɪliɑːnˈtɑː/ n [U]
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: paleo- + Greek onta ‘living things’ + English -ology]
the study of fossils (=ancient bones, plants etc that have been preserved in rock)
>paleontologist n [C]
مبحث زیست شناسی دوران قدیم، دیرین شناسی.
n. paleontoloji, taşılbilim,pa·le·on’tol·o·gy || ‚pælɪ;ɑ;n’tɑ;lə;dʒ;ɪ; /-lɪ;ɒ;n’tɒ;l-
n. paléontologie, étude des périodes géologiques fondée sur l’étude des fossiles,pa·le·on’tol·o·gy || ‚pælɪ;ɑ;n’tɑ;lə;dʒ;ɪ; /-lɪ;ɒ;n’tɒ;l-
landmark
n. distinctive or prominent object in a landscape (often serves as a guide to travelers on land or sea); territorial marker; building or site which has historical significance; important event, turning point (in history)
land·mark /ˈlændmɑːk US -mɑːrk/ n [C]
something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are
One of Belfast’s most famous landmarks, the Grosvenor Hall, has been demolished.
one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or something
The discovery of penicillin was a landmark in the history of medicine.
landmark decision/case/ruling
The Supreme Court issued a landmark decision in January 2001.
نشان اختصاصی، نقطه تحول تاریخ، واقعه برجسته ، راهنما.
n. sınır taşı, yön bulma işareti, işaret
n. point de repère; objet émergeant sur le terrain; borne limite; point critique
prodigy
n. marvel, wonder, something extraordinary; genius, person with exceptional intelligence
prod·i·gy /ˈprɔdɪdʒi US ˈprɑː-/ n plural prodigies [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: prodigium ‘sign telling the future, monster’]
a young person who has a great natural ability in a subject or skill
-prodigious
child/infant prodigy
Mozart was a musical prodigy.
چیز غیر عادی، اعجوبه ، شگفتی، بسیار زیرک .
n. olağanüstü şey, mucize, harika, dahi
n. prodige
daunt
v. intimidate, frighten
daunt /dɔːnt US dɔːnt/ v [T usually passive]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: danter, from Latin domitare ‘to train (something) so that it obeys’]
to make someone feel afraid or less confident about something
He felt utterly daunted by the prospect of moving to another country.
Don’t be daunted by all the technology.
nothing daunted
old-fashioned used to say that someone continues or starts to do something in spite of difficulties
It was steep but, nothing daunted, he started climbing.
رام کردن ، ترساندن ، بی جرات کردن .
v. yıldırmak, cesaretini kırmak, gözünü korkutmak, korkutmak
v. intimider, effrayer
e: Young is a perfect subject for a biography — perfect, but daunting
rancorous
adj. bitter, resentful, bearing ill will; hateful, filled with animosity, filled with enmity
معاند، دارای عداوت و دشمنی دیرین .
adj. kinci, hınç besleyen
adj. plein de rancoeur, rancunier, amer,aigri
rancor=n. hatred, animosity, enmity; bitterness, resentment, ill will
e: sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes
blizzard
n. severe snowstorm bliz·zard /ˈblɪzəd US -ərd/ n [C] a severe snow storm We got stuck in a blizzard. a sudden large amount of something unpleasant or annoying that you must deal with blizzard of a blizzard of emails بادشدید توام بابرف، کولاک . i. tipi, şiddetli kar fırtınası n. tempête de neige, blizzard
deprivation
n. taking away; lack, deficiency
dep·ri·va·tion /ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃən/ n [C usually plural, U]
the lack of something that you need in order to be healthy, comfortable, or happy
Sleep deprivation can result in mental disorders.
social/economic/emotional etc deprivation
Low birth weight is related to economic deprivation.
deprivation of
the deprivations of prison life
deprive= v. take away, prevent from having, deny
de·prive /dɪˈpraɪv/ v
deprive of [deprive sb of sth] phr v
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: deprivare, from Latin privare ‘to deprive’]
to prevent someone from having something, especially something that they need or should have
A lot of these children have been deprived of a normal home life.
محرومیت، حرمان ، فقدان ، انعزال.
n. yoksunluk, mahrumiyet, mahrum etme, ihtiyaç
n. privation, manque; destitution
bleak
n. type of freshwater fish
adj. cold; cheerless, gloomy; bare
bleak /bliːk/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old Norse; Origin: bleikr ‘pale, white’]
without anything to make you feel happy or hopeful
a bleak future/prospect
The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .
cold and without any pleasant or comfortable features
a bleak January afternoon
The landscape was bleak and bare.
>bleakly adv
>bleakness n [U]
بی حفاظ، درمعرض بادسرد، متروک ، غمافزا.
n. inci balığı, tatlısu sardalyası
adj. soğuk, rüzgâr alan, rüzgârlı; çıplak; umutsuz, kasvetli, üzgün
n. ablette, gardon (poissons)
adj. froid, rude; morne, triste
e: an image of remoteness, hardship, bleakness in antarctica
mantle
n. sleeveless cape or cloak; covering, something which conceals or envelopes; (Geology) layer of the earth which lies between the crust and the core
v. cover with a mantle, wrap in a cloak; hide, conceal; spread across or over; blush; be coated
man·tle1 /ˈmæntl/ n
[Date: 800-900; Language: Old French; Origin: mantel, from Latin mantellum ‘cloak’]
take on/assume/wear the mantle of sth
formal to accept or have an important duty or job
It is up to Europe to take on the mantle of leadership in environmental issues.
a mantle of snow/darkness etc
literary something such as snow or darkness that covers a surface or area
A mantle of snow lay on the trees.
[C]
a loose piece of outer clothing without sleeves, worn especially in former times
[C]
a cover that is put over the flame of a gas or oil lamp to make it shine more brightly
[singular] technical
the part of the Earth around the central core mantle 2
mantle2 v [T]
literary to cover the surface of something
شنل زنانه ، بالاپوش، ردا، پوشش، کلاه توری.
n. harmani, kolsuz manto, örtü, kabuk, lüks gömleği
n. cape, pèlerine; manteau; vêtement; enveloppe (manteau); protection extérieure
v. couvrir d’un manteau, recouvrir, revêtir; cacher; dissimuler; rougir; écumer
howls
n. yowl, wail, cry (of pain, anger, protest, etc.)
v. yowl, moan, wail, cry out (in pain, anger, protest, etc.)
howl1 /haul/ v
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: From the sound]
[I]
if a dog, wolf, or other animal howls, it makes a long loud sound
→bark
The dogs howled all night.
[I]
to make a long loud cry because you are unhappy, angry, or in pain, or because you are amused or excited
Upstairs, one of the twins began to howl (=cry) .
howl in/with
Somewhere, someone was howling in pain.
He makes audiences howl with laughter .
[I and T]
to shout or demand something angrily
howl for
Republicans have been howling for military intervention.
[I]
if the wind howls, it makes a loud high sound as it blows
wind howling in the trees
howl down [howl sb/sth⇔down] phr v
to prevent someone or something from being heard by shouting loudly and angrily
= shout down howl 2
howl2 n [C]
a long loud sound made by a dog, wolf, or other animal
→bark
a loud cry or shout showing pain, anger, happiness
howl of
He let out a howl of anguish.
There were howls of protest.
This suggestion was greeted with howls of laughter .
a loud high sound made by the wind blowing
زوزه کشیدن ، فریاد زدن ، عزاداری کردن .
n. uluma, uğultu, bağırma, feryat
v. havlamak, ulumak, inlemek, uğuldamak, kahkaha atmak, bağırmak
icyn. hurlement; mugissement, cri; huée
v. mugir; hurler; crier; huer
e: The blast that howls over the ice cap
reverbrate
v. echo, resound, resonate
re·ver·be·rate /rɪˈvəːbəreɪt US -əːr-/ v [I]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of reverberare ‘to hit back, repel’, from verberare ‘to hit’]
if a loud sound reverberates, it is heard many times as it is sent back from different surfaces
= echo reverberate through/around etc
The bang reverberated through the house.
if a room, building etc reverberates, it seems to shake because of a loud sound
reverberate with
The room reverberated with laughter.
if an event, action, or idea reverberates, it has a strong effect over a wide area and for a long time
reverberate through/around etc
The traumas of the last week will reverberate through history.
پیچیدن ، طنین انداختن ، ولوله انداختن .
v. yansımak, yankılanmak, aksetmek, yansıtmak
v. renvoyer, répercuter; réverbérer, réfléchir; retentir; résonner
e: some powerful forces that reverberate around the world
unravel, ravel
v. unravel, unwind a rope or thread; confuse, perplex, bewilder
(دربافندگی) شانه مخصوص جداکردن تارهای نخ، پیچ انداختن در، گره دار کردن ، دام بلا، چیز در هم پیچیده ، نخ گوریده ، گوریدگی، از هم جدا کردن الیاف.
n. dolaşıklık, karışıklık, sökük iplik, kaçmış ilmek ravel 2 [rav·el || ‘rævl]
v. sökmek, çözmek, tel tel ayırmak, dolaştırmak, karıştırmak, sökülmek, çözülmek
v. s’effilocher; enchevêtrer; embrouiller
e: Only now can we start to unravel the influ-ence of sea ice on the weather
abyss
n. yawning chasm, immeasurable void; something unfathomable; abode of the dead, hell
a·byss /əˈbɪs/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: abyssus, from Greek, from abyssos ‘bottomless’, from a- ‘without’ + byssos ‘depth’]
a very dangerous or frightening situation
abyss of
The country might plunge into the abyss of economic ruin.
At that time Bosnia was standing on the edge of an abyss .
a deep empty hole in the ground
a very big difference that separates two people or groups
the gaping abyss between these grand buildings and my own miserable home
(=abysm) بسیار عمیق، بی پایان ، غوطه ورساختن ، مغاک .
n. derinlik, boşluk, uçurum
n. abysse, fond océanique; abîme, gouffre; enfer
e: from the ocean’s abyssal depths to the surface
overlie
v. be laid upon; cover; smother (an infant or animal) by lying on top of
o·ver·lie /ˌəuvəˈlaɪ US ˌouvər-/ v past tense overlay /-ˈleɪ/ past participle overlain /-ˈleɪn/ present participle overlying [T]
technical
to lie over something
Clay overlies chalk in the southern mountains.
v. üzerine yatmak, üzerini örtmek
v. poser sur; couvrir; se coucher sur
e: Today the ice that overlies the bedrock is up to 4km thick
lagoon
n. shallow body of water which is cut of from the sea by sand dunes; pond, small body of water (especially one which is connected to a larger body of water)
la·goon /ləˈguːn/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: lagune, from Italian laguna, from Latin lacuna; LACUNA]
a lake of sea water that is partly separated from the sea by rocks, sand, or coral
a coastal lagoon
AmE a small lake which is not very deep, near a larger lake or river
تالاب، مرداب.
n. gölcük, deniz kulağı, denizin uzantısı göl
n. lagune; étendue d’eau de mer peu profonde; petit étang
hangover
n. headache and other effects caused by heavy consumption of alcohol; something that stays the past
hang·o·ver /ˈhæŋəuvə US -ouvər/ n [C]
a pain in your head and a feeling of sickness that you get the day after you have drunk too much alcohol
I had a terrible hangover the next day.
a hangover from sth
something from the past that still exists or happens but is no longer necessary or useful
This feeling was a hangover from her schooldays.
an institution which is a hangover from Victorian times
n. içki mahmurluğu, akşamdan kalma, kalıntı, eski şey
n. mal de tête, beuverie
mediate
v. intervene; reconciliate, help facilitate peace between two parties in a dispute; act as an intermediary between two parties to help bring about a desired result
adj. of or through an intermediary, dependent on a mediator
میانی، وسطی، واقع درمیان ، غیر مستقیم، میانجی گری کردن ، وساطت کردن ، پابمیان گذاردن ، درمیان واقع شدن .
v. aracılık etmek, vasıta olmak, araya girmek, ara bulmak
adj. dolaylı, ara, araçlı, orta
v. négocier; servir d’intermédiaire
adj. servir d’intermédiaire, par intermédiaire
e: These experiences are mediated by other forms of knowledge
