Ielts-8 Flashcards
Nostril
n. either of the two external openings of the nose
nos·tril /ˈnɔstrɪl US ˈnɑː-/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: nosthyrl ‘nose-hole’]
one of the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things
The smell of gunpowder filled his nostrils.
the horse’s flaring nostrils (=widened nostrils)
سوراخ بینی، منخر.
n. burun deliği
n. narine
despicable
adj. contemptible, nasty, abominable des·pic·a·ble /dɪˈspɪkəbəl, ˈdespɪ-/ adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Late Latin; Origin: despicabilis, from Latin despicari 'to look down on'] extremely bad, immoral, or cruel It's despicable the way he treats those kids. a despicable act of terrorism a despicable crime >despicably adv پست، خوار، زبون ، نکوهش پذیر، مطرود. adj. adi; değersiz; küçümsenen adj. méprisable e; the most despicable human being
fringe
n. ornamental border consisting of loose hanging threads; anything which resembles such a border; margin, periphery, edge; something considered marginal or extreme
v. decorate with a fringe, edge with a fringe; ring, surround, edge
fringe1 /frɪndʒ/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin fimbria ‘threads’]
BrE if you have a fringe, your hair is cut so that it hangs down over your forehead
American Equivalent: bangs
a tall girl with straight brown hair and a fringe
a decorative edge of hanging threads on a curtain, piece of clothing etc
on the fringes (of sth)
a) not completely belonging to or accepted by a group of people who share the same job, activities etc
a small group on the fringes of the art world
b) also on the fringe
at the part of something that is farthest from the centre
= on the edge of something
Nina remained on the fringe of the crowd.
→the lunatic fringe at lunatic fringe 2
fringe2 adj [only before noun]
fringe group/event/issue etc
a group, event etc that is less important or popular than the main group etc, or whose opinions are not accepted by most other people involved in the same activity
≠ mainstream
He used a party conference fringe meeting to defend terrorism.
The environment is no longer a fringe issue.
a fringe religious sect fringe 3
fringe3 v [T]
to be around the edge of something
A line of trees fringed the pool.
حاشیه ، سجاف، کناره ، حاشیه دار کردن ، ریشه گذاشتن به ، چتر زلف، چین ، لبه .
n. saçak, püskül, perçem, pervaz, saçak
v. saçak takmak, kenarını bastırmak
n. marges; bord, extrémité, lisière; touffe, frange
v. orner, décorer; orner de franges; servir de marge
e: jet fighter ascends on the fringes of the atmosphere
scalpel
n. small straight surgical knife
scal·pel /ˈskælpəl/ n [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: scalpellum, from scalprum ‘knife’]
a small, very sharp knife that is used by doctors in operations
چاقوی کالبد شکافی، چاقوی کوچک جراحی، باچاقوی جراحی بریدن ، پاره پاره کرد ن .
n. skalpel, cerrah bıçağı
n. scalpel, bistouri, petit couteau utilisé pendant les opérations chirurgicales
e: i dint know he had a scalpel
spook
n. (Slang) ghost, specter; spy
v. (Slang) frighten, startle, scare; become frightened
spook1 /spuːk/ n [C] informal
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Dutc]
a ghost
especially AmE a spy spook 2
spook2 v [T] informal
to frighten someone
I’m not easily spooked.
روح، شبح، دیو، جن ، ترساندن .
n. hayalet, hortlak, ajan, casus
v. hayalet gibi görünmek
n. spectre; fantôme, démon
v. faire peur, effrayer
e: r u using spooks to look after ur family?!
moron
n. person whose intelligence will never surpass that of an 8-12 year old child; idiot, half-wit, simpleton (Informal)
mo·ron /ˈmɔːrɔn US -rɑːn/ n [C]
[Date: 1900-2000; Language: Greek; Origin: moros ‘of low intelligence’]
informal not polite a very offensive word for someone who you think is very stupid
= idiot
Don’t leave it there, you moron!
technical old-fashioned someone whose intelligence has not developed to the normal level
>moronic /məˈrɔnɪk US -ˈrɑː-/ adj
a moronic grin
آدم سبک مغز وکم عقل، آدم احمق وابله .
n. moron, geri zekâlı
n. faible d’esprit; personne simple d’esprit, idiot, imbécile
e: u bloody moron!
pageant
n. performance commemorating a historical or legendary event; ceremonial play or parade of any kind
pag·eant /ˈpædʒənt/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: pagina ‘scene of a play’, from Latin, ‘page’; PAGE1]
an organized public show, often performed outdoors, where people dress in decorated or unusual clothes
a colourful pageant of Scotland’s past
AmE a public competition for young women in which their appearance, and sometimes other qualities, are compared and judged
= beauty contest
the pageant of sth
literary a series of historical events that are interesting and important
the pageant of African history
صفحه نمایش، نمایش مجلل وتاریخی، مراسم مجلل، رژه .
n. gösteri alayı, geçit alayı, tantanalı ama önemsiz gösteri
n. cérémonie; phénomène; cortège; manifestation pompeuse
e: beauty pageant
boggle
v. prevent; hesitate; be shocked, be awed; shock
bog·gle /ˈbɔgəl US ˈbɑː-/ v
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from bogle; BOGEY]
the/your mind boggles also sth makes the/your mind boggle
also sth boggles the/your mind
informal if your mind boggles when you think of something, it is difficult for you to imagine or accept it
The sheer amount of data makes the mind boggle.
the/your mind boggles at
My mind boggles at the amount of work still to do.
دراثر امری ناگهان وحشت زده وناراحت شدن ، رم کردن ، تامل کردن ( در اثر ترس وغیره )، کارسرهمبندی کردن .
v. çekinmek, ürkmek, yanaşmamak, yüzüne gözüne bulaştırmak; becerememek
v. empêcher, bloquer; hésiter; être choqué, être stupéfié; choquer
e: the mind-boggling scale of California’s wildfires
mast
n. long pole above the hull of a ship which supports the rigging and sails (Nautical); flagpole; tall post which supports radio or television cables
mast /mɑːst US mæst/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: mAst]
a tall pole on which the sails or flags on a ship are hung
BrE a tall metal tower that sends out radio and television signals
a radio mast
a tall pole on which a flag is hung
→ half-mast
تیر، دکل یکپارچه ، دیرک ، بادکل مجهز کردن .
n. direk, gemi direği, palamut, kozalak
n. mât
revoke
n. failure to play a card of the proper suit when it is possible to do so (Cards); cancellation, annulment, retraction, act of revoking
v. cancel, annul, repeal, retract; fail to play a card of proper suit when it is possible to do so (Cards)
re·voke /rɪˈvəuk US -ˈvouk/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: revoquer, from Latin revocare ‘to call back’]
to officially state that a law, decision, or agreement is no longer effective
→revocation
Their work permits have been revoked.
لغو کردن ، مانع شدن ، الغا، فسخ، ابطال.
v. yürürlükten kaldırmak, geri almak, iptal etmek, yerdeki kâğıttan oynamamak, rönons yapmak
n. révocation, abrogation
v. révoquer, retirer; nier, priver, exclure
e: US revokes visas for 1000 Chinese students
lade
v. load; burden, weigh down; fill full; raise or remove (a liquid) with a dipper
v. yüklemek, gemiye yüklemek
بار کردن ، بارگیری کردن ، خالی کردن ، با ملاقه خالی کردن .
v. load; burden, weigh down; fill full; raise or remove (a liquid) with a dipper
e: horse cart laden with oil drums on the street
detritus
n. debris, rubbish, waste, disintegrated matter; (Geology) rock in small particles, fragments of rocks; (Ecology) organic debris created by disintegration of animals or plants
de·tri·tus /dɪˈtraɪtəs/ n [U] formal
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of deterere ‘to rub away’]
pieces of waste that remain after something has been broken up or used
چیزی که در نتیجه خرابی بدست آید، ریزه .
n. döküntü, taş döküntüsü
n. détritus, ordures, restes
e: feed their gardens with detritus like dead leaves
feces
n. bodily waste, excrement fe·ces /ˈfiːsiːz/ n [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: , plural of faex 'waste material'] the American spelling of faeces >fecal /ˈfiːkəl/ adj faeces fae·ces also feces AmE /ˈfiːsiːz/ n [plural] formal solid waste material from the bowels >faecal /ˈfiːkəl/ adj مدفوع انسان وحیوان . n. dışkı, kaka, bok, pislik, atık, posa, tortu n. résidus
propagate
v. procreate, generate, reproduce; scatter, disseminate; multiply, proliferate, increase; spread, extend
prop·a·gate /ˈprɔpəgeɪt US ˈprɑː-/ v formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of propagare ‘to breed plants from shoots’, from propago ‘shoot from which a new plant is produced’]
[T] formal
to spread an idea, belief etc to many people
The group launched a website to propagate its ideas .
[I and T]
if you propagate plants, or if they propagate, they start to grow from a parent plant to produce new plants
Propagate your plants in fresh soil.
[T]
if an animal, insect, etc propagates itself or is propagated, it increases in number
= reproduce
>propagation /ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən US ˌprɑː-/ n [U]
گستردن ، ( بوسیله تولید مثل ) تکثیر کردن ، زیاد کردن ، پروردن ، قلمه زدن ، منتشرکردن ، انتشار دادن .پخش کردن ، پخش شدن ، رواج دادن .
v. üretmek, çoğaltmak, propaganda yapmak, yaymak, bulaştırmak, üremek, yavrulamak
v. propager, diffuser; se propager
e;’ The leaf-cutters’ fungus propagated clonally, or just by budding, for at least 23 million years
blight
n. disease, plague, scourge; affliction, destruction
v. destroy, ruin; cause to wither and die (of a plant)
blight1 /blaɪt/ n
[singular,U]
an unhealthy condition of plants in which parts of them dry up and die
[singular]
something that makes people unhappy or that spoils their lives or the environment they live in
blight on
Her guilty secret was a blight on her happiness.
the blight of poverty blight 2
blight2 v [T]
to spoil or damage something, especially by preventing people from doing what they want to do
a disease which, though not fatal, can blight the lives of its victims
a country blighted by poverty
>blight·ed adj
blighted hopes
باد زدگی یا زنگ زدگی، زنگار، آفت، پژمردن .
n. mantar, küf; afet, felâket, yıkım; karmaşa; keşmekeş (Argo)
v. kötü izlenim bırakmak; suya düşürmek; boşa çıkarmak, kırmak (umut)
n. maladie, infection; affliction, douleur; fléau, calamité; rouille; destruction, ruine
v. détruire; ruiner; brouir, flétrir, ternir; rouiller
virulent
adj. infectious, causing infection; poisonous; hateful; obnoxious
vir·u·lent /ˈvɪrʊlənt/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: virulentus, from virus; VIRUS]
a poison, disease etc that is virulent is very dangerous and affects people very quickly
≠ mild
a particularly virulent form of influenza
formal full of hatred for something, or expressing this in a strong way - used to show disapproval
virulent anti-Semitism
>virulence n [U]
>virulently adv
زهرآگین ، سم دار، تلخ، تند، کینه جو، بدخیم.
adj. kuvvetli, öldürücü, düşmanca, kin dolu, şiddetli, çabuk ilerleyen
adj. virulent
e: Escovopsis turns out to be a highly virulent pathogen
lapse
n. error, mistake, failure; temporary deviation; passage of time, pause; gradual sinking to a lower degree, decline; expiration, termination
v. fail to reach an accepted standard; gradually slip into or out of a state or condition; elapse, expire, come to an end; become void; fall out of general use
lapse1 /læps/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: lapsus, from labi ‘to slip’]
a short period of time during which you fail to do something well or properly, often caused by not being careful
momentary/temporary/occasional etc lapse
Despite the occasional lapse, this was a fine performance by the young saxophonist.
A defensive lapse by Keown allowed Tottenham to score.
lapse in
lapses in security
lapse of
A single lapse of concentration cost Sampras the game.
a lapse of judgement
After taking the drug, several patients suffered memory lapses (=when you cannot remember something for a short time) .
a failure to do something you should do, especially to behave correctly
He forgot to offer Darren a drink, but Marie did not appear to notice the lapse.
[usually singular]
a period of time between two events
The usual time lapse between request and delivery is two days.
lapse of
a lapse of about ten seconds lapse 2
lapse2 v [I]
to gradually come to an end or to stop for a period of time
The conversation lapsed.
if a contract, agreement etc lapses, it comes to an end, usually because an agreed time limit has passed
Your booking will automatically lapse unless you confirm it.
to stop believing in or following a religion
those people who have lapsed from the practice of their religion
formal if a period of time lapses, it passes
Many years had lapsed since her first visit to Wexford.
lapse into [lapse into sth] phr v
lapse into unconsciousness/silence/sleep etc
to go into a quiet or less active state
He lapsed into a coma and died two days later.
Alison lapsed into puzzled silence.
to begin to behave or speak in a way that you did before
She lapsed back into her old ways.
Occasionally he lapsed into his native German.
to get into a worse state or become worse
Following his death, the Empire lapsed into chaos.
His poetry often lapses into sentimentality.
نسیان ، لغزش، خطا، برگشت، انحراف موقت، انصراف، مرور، گذشت زمان ، زوال، سپری شدن ، انقضائ، استفاده از مرور زمان ، ترک اولی، الحاد، خرف شدن ، سهو و نسیان کردن ، از مدافتادن ، مشمول مرور زمان شدن .
n. yanılma, sapma, hata, yanlış, sürçme, kaytarma, kaçma, geçme, sona erme
v. geçmek, akıp gitmek, bitmek, dolmak, kaymak, sapmak, hata yapmak, kaçmak, zaman aşımına uğramak, düşmek
n. erreur, faute; défaillance, faux pas; lapsus; déviation; cours, marche (du temps); déchéance; manquement
v. déchoir, faillir; faire un faux pas; périmer; devenir caduc; s’abroger; cesser d’être en vigueur
e: parasites under control. But with any lapse in control
cuticle
n. skin which surrounds the fingernails and toenails; epidermis, outer layer of skin; cuticula, hard outer shell of some insects (Entomology)
cu·ti·cle /ˈkjuːtɪkəl/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: cuticula, from cutis ‘skin’]
the area of hard skin around the base of your nails
پوست، بشره ، پوشش مو، پوشش شاخی.
n. epiderm, üst deri, tırnak çevresindeki ölü deri, kütikül; yaprak üst zarı
n. cuticule; peau cornée (de l’ongle)
e: People have known for a hundred years that ants have a whitish growth on the cuticle
prerogative
n. right, privilege; preferential privilege of a particular group; special individual advantage or privilege; preemptive privilege or right
pre·rog·a·tive /prɪˈrɔgətɪv US -ˈrɑː-/ n [C usually singular]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: prérogative, from Latin praerogativus ‘voting first in a Roman election’, from rogare ‘to ask’]
a right that someone has, especially because of their importance or social position
prerogative of
Education was once the prerogative of the elite.
Arriving late is a woman’s prerogative .
the royal prerogative (=the rights of kings and queens)
حق ویژه ، امتیاز مخصوص، حق ارثی، امتیاز.
adj. ayrıcalıklı, imtiyazlı prerogative 2 [pre·rog·a·tive || prɪ’rɑgətɪv /-‘rɒg-]
n. ayrıcalık, imtiyaz, kabiliyet, yetenek
n. prérogative; privilège; apanage; avantage
budge
v. move; be moved
budge /bʌdʒ/ v [I,T usually in negatives]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: bouger, from Latin bullire; BOIL1]
to move, or to make someone or something move
She leaned on the door, but it wouldn’t budge.
budge from
Will hasn’t budged from his room all day.
The horse refused to budge an inch.
to change your opinion, or to make someone change their opinion
The government has refused to budge.
budge on
He won’t budge on the issue.
budge from
Treacy refuses to budge from his principles.
تکان جزئی خوردن ، تکان دادن ، جم خوردن .
v. yerinden oynatmak, kımıldamak, hareket etmek, oynamak, kımıldatmak, hareket ettirmek, oynatmak
v. bouger, céder, reculer; remuer
e: but that may not do much to budge the needle on the scale
whittle
n. knife, pocket-knife (Archaic)
v. cut; peel; cut away, shape; cut down
whit·tle /ˈwɪtl/ v
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: whittle ‘large knife’ (15-19 centuries), from thwittle (14-19 centuries), from thwite ‘to whittle’ (11-19 centuries), from Old English thwitan]
also whittle down [T]
to gradually make something smaller by taking parts away
We need to whittle down the list of guests for the party.
[I and T]
to cut a piece of wood into a particular shape by cutting off small pieces with a knife
→carve
whittle away phr v
to gradually reduce the amount or effectiveness of something, especially something that you think should not be reduced
whittle sth⇔away
The museum is worried that government funding will be whittled away.
whittle away at
Congress is whittling away at our freedom of speech.
چاقو، ساطور، تراشیدن ، بریدن ، پیوسته کمکردن ، با چاقو تیزکردن و تراشیدن .
v. bıçakla kesmek, yontmak
n. canif, couteau
v. tailler (au couteau); couper; réduire; éplucher
e: It’s enough to whittle your weight down to the low
abdomen
n. (in vertebrates) section of the body between the thorax and the pelvis in which most of the digestive organs are located, belly; section of the body behind the thorax (Entomology)
ab·do·men /ˈæbdəmən, æbˈdəu- US -ˈdou-/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Lati]
the part of your body between your chest and legs which contains your stomach, bowels etc
the end part of an insect’s body, joined to the thorax
>abdominal /æbˈdɔmɪnəl US -ˈdɑː-/ adj
acute abdominal pains
شکم، بطن .
n. karın
n. abdomen
svelte
adj. slender, having a slim and graceful figure
svelte /svelt/ adj literary
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: Italian svelto ‘stretched’, from svellere ‘to pull out’]
thin and graceful
= lithe
She was slim, svelte, and sophisticated.
adj. ince yapılı, fidan gibi
adj. svelte, élancé, mince
e: svelte legs
stealth
n. furtive or clandestine movement, sneakiness
stealth /stelθ/ n [U]
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: From an unrecorded Old English stAlth ‘stealing’]
when you do something very quietly, slowly, or secretly, so that no one notices you
Cats rely on stealth to catch their prey.
also Stealth
a system of making military aircraft that cannot be discovered by radar instruments
stealth bomber/aircraft/fighter etc
(=a plane made using this system)
نهان ، خفا، خفیه ، خفیه کاری، حرکت دزدکی.
n. gizlilik, gizli hareket, gizli iş
n. furtif, caché
e: Stealth Forces in weight Loss
tusk
n. long protruding tooth often found in pairs (in the walrus, elephant, etc.); something resembling an animal tusk
دندان دراز وتیز، دندان نیش اسب، عاج، دندان عاج فیل، دندان گراز حیوانات، ( بادندان ) سوراخ کردن یا کندن .
n. fildişi, uzun diş
n. défense
incarcerate
v. imprison, jail, confine, detain
in·car·ce·rate /ɪnˈkɑːsəreɪt US -ɑːr-/ v [T usually passive] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of incarcerare, from carcer ‘prison’]
to put or keep someone in prison
= imprison
He spent nearly half his life incarcerated in prison.
>incarceration /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən US -ˌkɑːr-/ n [U]
در زندان نهادن ، زندانی کردن ، حبس کردن .
v. hapsetmek, kapatmak, sıkıştırmak
v. incarcérer, emprisonner, enchaîner, arrêter
e: my sister has been incarcerated from an early age
tranquilizer
n. sedative drug مسکن (mosakken)، داروی تسکین دهنده . n. sakinleştirici, yatıştırıcı n. tranquillisant, remède, apaiseur e: shot me with tranquilizer
asylum
n. shelter, refuge; hospital for the mentally ill
a·sy·lum /əˈsaɪləm/ n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek asylon, from asylos ‘not able to be seized’]
[U]
protection given to someone by a government because they have escaped from fighting or political trouble in their own country
apply for/seek/be granted asylum
He has been granted asylum in France.
→ political asylum
[C] old use a mental hospital
پناهگاه ، بستگاه ، گریزگاه ، نوانخانه ، یتیم خانه ، تیمارستان .
n. sığınak, barınak, himaye, koruma; akıl hastanesi; iltica, sığınma
n. refuge; asile; hospice
e: Sherinford is more than an asylum
grenade
n. small missile containing an explosive (thrown by hand or fired from a mounted launcher)
نارنجک .
n. el bombası, yangın söndürücü madde dolu cam tüp
n. grenade, petite bombe pouvant être lancée à la main ou avec un fusil, explosif
e: colloquially is known as patience grenade
cannibal
n. human being that eats human flesh, any animal that eats its own kind
آدمخوار، جانوری که همجنس خود را میخورد.
n. yamyam
n. cannibale, personne qui mange la chair humaine, anthropophage; animal qui se nourrit de sa propre espèce
e:do u have cannibals here in this island?
agony
n. torment; struggle before death
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: agonia, from Greek, ‘trouble, great anxiety’, from agon ‘competition for a prize’]
very severe pain
the agony of arthritis
in agony
I was in agony.
He groaned in agony.
a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience
It was agony not knowing if she would live.
agony of
He was in agonies of remorse.
→pile on the pressure/agony at pile on(2), prolong the agony at prolong
درد، رنج، تقلا، سکرات مرگ ، جانکندن .
n. can çekişme, acı çekme, kıvranma, ızdırap, agoni; İsa’nın son ıstırapları
n. supplice; agonie
e: make it swift, no need to prolong his agony
liable
n. published material which slanders or maliciously defames (Law); publishing of slanderous material (Law); material which intentionally slanders or maliciously defames
v. slander, defame, malign, insult, make false and malicious accusations against; publish a libel against (Law)
li·bel1 /ˈlaɪbəl/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin libellus, from liber; LIBRARY]
when someone writes or prints untrue statements about someone so that other people could have a bad opinion of them
→slander for libel
Holt sued the newspaper for libel .
a libel action/case/trial
(=a court case against someone for libel)
restrictions on press freedom, such as libel laws libel 2
libel2 past tense and past participle libelled present participle libelling BrE past tense and past participle libeled present participle libeling AmE
v [T]
to write or print a libel against someone
→slander
افترا، تهمت، توهین ، هجو، افترا زدن .
n. iftiralı yazı, karalama, davacı dilekçesi
v. yazılarıyla iftira etmek, onurunu lekelemek
n. calomnie, médisance; fausse accusation; diffamation; injustice
v. diffamer, calomnier; insulter, injurier; faire de fausses accusations contre (Droit)
slander
n. false and injurious statements made about another, defamation, calumny
v. make false and injurious statements about another, defame, vilify, malign
slan·der1 /ˈslɑːndə US ˈslændər/ n
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: esclandre, from Late Latin scandalum; SCANDAL]
[U and C]
a false spoken statement about someone, intended to damage the good opinion that people have of that person
→libel
[U]
the crime of making false spoken statements about someone
→libel
He is being sued for slander . slander 2
slander2 v [T]
to say false things about someone in order to damage other people’s good opinion of them
→libel
سعایت، تهمت یا افترا، تهمت زدن .
n. iftira, kara çalma, kötüleme, yerme
v. iftira etmek, çamur atmak, kötülemek, kara çalmak, yermek
n. calomnie, diffamation
v. calomnier; diffamer
despise
v. hate, loathe, have contempt for
de·spise /dɪˈspaɪz/ v [T not in progressive]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: despire, from Latin despicere ‘to look down on’, from specere ‘to look’]
to dislike and have a low opinion of someone or something
She despised her neighbours.
خوار شمردن ، حقیر شمردن ، تحقیر کردن ، نفرت داشتن .
v. hor görmek, küçümsemek; tenezzül etmemek
v. mépriser, dédaigner
e: that is why we always despised you
faggot
fag·got /ˈfægət/ n [C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: fagot, from Italian faggotto]
BrE a ball made of meat mixed with bread, which is cooked
AmE taboo informal a very offensive word for a homosexual man. Do not use this word.
old-fashioned small sticks that are tied together, used for burning on a fire
دسته هیزم، دسته ، دسته کردن ، بهم بستن ، ریشه کردن حاشیه پارچه ، بخیه زینتی.
n. çalı çırpı demeti, sakatat yemeği, ibne [arg.], homoseksüel, top
n. homosexuel (argot), fagot, faisceau
e: well u can dress up like a faggot
whiff
n. scent; puff of air (often carrying smoke); hint or trace of; strikeout (Baseball); flatfish, British flounder
v. blow; exhale; inhale; emit smoke; smoke (a cigarette); swing and miss a ball (Sports); strikeout (Baseball)
whiff /wɪf/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: From the sound of a light movement of air carrying a smell]
a very slight smell of something
whiff of
a whiff of tobacco
get/catch a whiff of sth
As she walked past, I caught a whiff of her perfume.
a whiff of danger/adventure/freedom etc
a slight sign that something dangerous, exciting etc might happen
The whiff of danger filled her with excitement.
دروغ گفتن ، دروغ در چیزی گفتن ، چاخان ، باد، نفخه ، بو، دود، وزش، پف، پرچم، با صدای پف حرکت دادن ، وزیدن ، وزاندن .
n. esinti, nefes, koku, koku dalgası, ima
v. üflemek, kötü kokutmak, kötü kokmak
n. bouffée, sentir l’odeur de quelque chose; une ambition; un reniflement; un éclat de colère
v. souffler; expirer; émettre de la fumée; fumer (cigarette)
e: one good whiff of gas and poof
glamour
n. attractiveness, magnetism, alluring charm; excitement, adventure; magic, enchantment
Glamour [glam·our || ‘glæmə(r)]
n. monthly American magazine for women that covers topics of general interest (health, beauty, fashion, career, finance, etc.)
glam·our
usually glamor AmE /ˈglæmə US -ər/ n [U]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Scottish English; Origin: ‘magic’, from English grammar; because of an old association of knowledge with magic]
the attractive and exciting quality of being connected with wealth and success
glamour of
Forget all you read about the glamour of television.
a style of attractiveness that suggests wealth
Designer clothes are not a passport to instant glamour.
glamour girl/boy
a performer who is more noticeable for their attractiveness than for their skill or ability
n. büyü, sihir, cazibe, çekicilik, göz kamaştırıcılık glamour 2
( glamor) طلسم، جادو، فریبندگی، دلیری، افسون ، زرق و برق.
v. büyülemek, çekmek, etkilemek
n. charme; éclat; incantation; grâce
e: some of school girls were going to glamour shots place
torso
n. body of a human being without the head or arms and legs; image or sculpture of a body lacking limbs or the head; something that is incomplete or mutilated
tor·so /ˈtɔːsəu US ˈtɔːrsou/ n plural torsos [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Italian; Origin: Latin thyrsus ‘stalk’]
your body, not including your head, arms, or legs
the torso of a woman
a statue of a torso
n. heykel gövdesi, kolsuz ve başsız gövde, yarım kalmış çalışma
n. torse, partie du corps d’une statue comprenant les épaules, la poitrine et le ventre; sculpture ou photographie représentant un corps humain sans bras ou sans tête; chose ou objet incomplet
e: legs in one and torso in the other bin!
retarded
adj. limited or delayed in intellectual and/or emotional development, characterized by mental retardation
عقب افتاده (از لحاظ هوش و رشد بدنی).
v. geciktirmek, sürüncemede bırakmak, alıkoymak, frenlemek, hızını kesmek, yavaşlatmak, gelişimini önlemek
adj. retardé, arriéré
retard [re·tard || rɪ’tɑrd /-‘tɑːd]
n. attardement, personne attardé mentalement,; personne stupide, personne atteinte de démence; retard; empêchement
v. retarder; bloquer; décélérer, ralentir, réduire
e: u have a son who is retarded
wind up
twist a knob in order to make something run (e.g. a watch, toy, clock, etc.) up; end, be finished (e.g. a meeting); finish something, bring something to a close (e.g a project, meeting); reach a certain state or course of action because of something else
wind up phr v
to bring an activity, meeting etc to an end
OK, just to wind up, could I summarize what we’ve decided?
wind sth⇔up
It’s time to wind things up - I have a plane to catch.
wind sth⇔up
to close down a company or organization
Our operations in Jamaica are being wound up.
[linking verb] informal
to be in an unpleasant situation or place after a lot has happened
= end up wind up in/at/with etc
You know you’re going to wind up in court over this.
wind up doing sth
I wound up wishing I’d never come.
wind sb⇔up
BrE to deliberately say or do something that will annoy or worry someone, as a joke
→tease
They’re only winding you up.
→ wound up
wind sth⇔up
to turn part of a machine around several times, in order to make it move or start working
wind sth⇔up
BrE to make something, especially a car window, move up by turning a handle or pressing a button
Could you wind the window up, please?
پایان یافتن ، منتج به نتیجه شدن ، پایان دادن .
sarmak, sarıp sarmalamak, yumak yapmak, kurmak (saat), kıvırmak, bükmek, döndürmek, çevirmek, araba camını açmak, heyecanlandırmak, son vermek, tahrik etmek, bitirmek, tasfiye etmek, kapamak (hesap), sona ermek, boylamak, kurmak
enrouler; creuser (une route); terminer, achever
e: there was no money unless i wind up some bullshit rockstar
rat
n. large long-tailed rodent that resembles a mouse; traitor, one who betrays, informer
v. betray an accomplice to police; abandon one’s associates, desert one’s colleagues
rat1 /ræt/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: rAt]
an animal that looks like a large mouse with a long tail
spoken someone who has been disloyal to you or deceived you
But you promised to help us, you rat!
look like a drowned rat
to look very wet and uncomfortable
(like) rats leaving the sinking ship
used to describe people who leave a company, organization etc when it is in trouble
→ rat race, rats
→smell a rat at smell 2 (7) rat 2
rat2 past tense and past participle ratted present participle ratting
v [I] informal
if someone rats on you, they tell someone in authority about something wrong that you have done
= grass on rat on
They’ll kill you if they find out you’ve ratted on them!
BrE to not do what you had promised to do
= go back on, renege on renege on rat on
He accused the government of ratting on its promises to the disabled.
rat out [rat sb⇔out]
if someone rats you out, they are disloyal to you, especially by telling someone in authority about something wrong that you have done
You can’t rat out your teammates.
(ج. ش. ) موش صحرائی، آدم موش صفت، موش گرفتن ، کشتن ، دسته خود را ترک کردن ، خیانت.
n. sıçan, fare, kalleş, hain, dönek, grev bozucu, parti değiştiren milletvekili, muhbir, ispiyoncu
v. fare avlamak, parti değiştirmek, döneklik etmek, ihanet etmek, hainlik etmek, ihbar etmek, ispiyonlamak, greve katılmamak
n. rat; traître; mouchard, indicateur, informateur
v. faire la chasse aux rats; passer à l’ennemi; tourner casaque; violer un engagement; se défiler
e: the last guy he ratted out was his cousin
sling
n. device consisting of a short strap and a string on either side that is used to propel stones and other small missiles; slingshot; strap of cloth used to support a broken limb; band, strap (used to lift or support); throwing, casting
v. throw from a sling; throw, cast, hurl; place in a sling; support with a sling; lift with a sling
sling1 /slɪŋ/ v past tense and past participle slung /slʌŋ/
[T always + adverb/preposition]
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from Old Norse slyngva ‘to throw violently’]
to throw or put something somewhere with a careless movement and some force
= chuck
Lou slung his suitcase onto the bed.
sling sb sth
Sling me the keys.
Pete slung his bag over his shoulder .
informal to make someone leave or go to a place
sling sb into/out of sth
Sam was slung into jail for punching a cop.
[usually passive]
to hang something loosely
Dave wore a tool belt slung around his waist.
sling your hook
BrE informal used to tell someone to go away sling 2
sling2 n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Middle Low German slinge]
a piece of cloth tied around your neck to support an injured arm or hand
in a sling
She had her arm in a sling.
a set of ropes or strong pieces of cloth that are used to lift and carry heavy objects
a special type of bag that fastens over your shoulders, in which you can carry a baby close to your body
a piece of rope with a piece of leather in the middle, used in past times as a weapon for throwing stones
slings and arrows
written problems or criticisms
We’ve all suffered the slings and arrows of day-to-day living.
قلاب سنگ ، فلاخن ، رسن ، بند، تسمه تفنگ ، زنجیر، زنجیردار، پرتاب کردن ، انداختن ، پراندن .
n. sapan, sapanla atma, kol askısı, askı kayışı, bocurgat, sling, cinli koktelyl
v. sapanla atmak, atmak, halatla çekmek, bocurgat halatı ile çekmek, asmak, askıya almak
n. tireur; lancement, tir au but; crochet; flingue, boutonnière; fouet, courroie
v. tirer au toile; lancer, projeter; suspendre, mettre au portemanteau
e: Yo i have been out there all night slinging crystal
badass
n. (Slang) person who is bad-tempered, hot tempered person; aggressive person; tough guy
adj. (Slang) bad-tempered; aggressive (of a person); difficult to deal with (of a person); mean; very impressive; having powerful effect
adj [only before noun] AmE informal
very good or impressive
This site is the best online magazine for bad-ass biker gear.
a bad-ass person is very determined and does not always obey rules - used to show approval
Johnson plays this bad-ass cop named O’Riley.
>bad-ass badass
n [C]
adj. mauvais tempérament, mauvaise humeur; morose, aggressif
e: some guy named Tuco, badass from what i hear
snitch
n. (Slang) informer, tattle-tale; thief, pilferer
v. (Slang) inform, tattle; pilfer, snatch, steal
snitch1 /snɪtʃ/ v informal
[I]
to tell someone in authority about something that another person has done wrong, because you want to cause trouble for that person
snitch on
Somebody snitched on me.
[T]
to quickly steal something unimportant or of little value
= nick snitch 2
snitch2 n [C]
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Perhaps from snitch ‘(a blow on) the nose’ (17-21 centuries)]
informal someone who is not liked because they tell people in authority when other people do things that are wrong or against the rules
= sneak
He didn’t want to be a snitch, and besides, Kevin was his friend.
خبرکش، دله دزدی کردن ، کش رفتن .
v. aşırmak, çalmak, hakkında bilgi vermek, fitnelemek, ispiyonlamak
n. rapporteur, informateur; voleur
v. vendre la mèche, rapporter
e: the car belonging to one of our snitches
haul
n. dragging, tugging, pulling; transporting; load which is transported; act of taking or acquiring; plunder, loot, objects which are taken or acquired
v. drag, tug, pull; transport, carry; transport goods; arrive, reach a destination (after much effort); change direction (Nautical)
haul1 /hɔːl US hɔːl/ v [T]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: French; Origin: haler ‘to pull’]
to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement
haul sth off/onto/out of etc sth
She hauled her backpack onto her back.
the steam locomotive which hauled the train
I hauled the door shut behind me.
haul yourself up/out of sth etc
a) to move somewhere with a lot of effort, especially because you are injured or tired
Patrick hauled himself painfully up the stairs.
b) to succeed in achieving a higher position in society, in a competition etc
He is confident that the club can haul themselves further up the league.
haul sb over the coals
BrE to criticize someone severely because they have done something wrong
American Equivalent: rake somebody over the coals
haul off and hit/punch/kick sb
AmE informal to try to hit someone very hard
haul ass
AmE spoken not polite to hurry
haul off [haul sb off] phr v
to force someone to go somewhere that they do not want to go, especially to prison
Police handcuffed him and hauled him off to jail.
haul up [haul sb up] phr v
to officially bring someone to a court of law to be judged
haul somebody up before/in front of
Campbell was hauled up in front of the magistrate. haul 2
haul2 n [C]
a large amount of illegal or stolen goods
The gang escaped with a haul worth hundreds of pounds.
haul of
A haul of stolen cars has been seized by police officers.
long/slow haul
something that takes a lot of time and effort
At last we’ve won our freedom but it’s been a long bitter haul .
the amount of fish caught when fishing with a net
→ long-haul, short-haul
کشیدن ، هل دادن ، حمل کردن ، کشش، همه ماهیهائی که دریک وهله بدام کشیده میشوند، حمل ونقل.
n. traction; halage; herchage
v. traîner; haler; remorquer; changer de direction
we are hauling a pound to a dude right now
e: we are hauling a pound to a dude right now
e; hauler or haulier
consignment
n. dispatch, conveyance, delivery con·sign·ment /kənˈsaɪnmənt/ n [C] a quantity of goods that are sent somewhere, especially in order to be sold consignment of a large consignment of clothes on consignment goods that are on consignment are being sold for someone else for a share of the profit [U] when someone sends or delivers something حمل، ارسال، محموله ، مرسوله . n. gönderme, sevk, teslim, gönderi, sevkedilen mal n. expédition e: this is a consignment operation
vouch
v. attest, confirm; guarantee, answer for; prove, substantiate
vouch /vautʃ/ v
vouch for / [vouch for sb/sth] phr v
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: vocher ‘to state, call as a witness’, from Latin vocare; VOCATION]
to say that you firmly believe that something is true or good because of your experience or knowledge of it
I’ll vouch for the quality of the report. I read it last night.
’Where were you on the night of the murder?’ ‘In bed with flu. My wife can vouch for that .’
to say that you believe that someone will behave well and that you will be responsible for their behaviour, actions etc
Why don’t you phone my office? They’ll vouch for me.
ضمانت کردن ، اطمینان دادن ، تائید کردن .
v. kefil olmak, garanti etmek, tanıklık etmek, doğrulamak, onaylamak
v. affirmer, garantir; témoigner de, répondre de, attester, se porter garant
e: i dint need ur punk ass to vouch for me
scumbag
n. mean and nasty person, someone who is despised (Slang)
scum·bag /ˈskʌmbæg/ n [C] spoken informal not polite
a nasty, unpleasant person
n. personne désagréable; quelqu’un de méprisable (Argot); personne abjecte
e:why would u make deal with that scumbag?
pseudo
adj. simulated, pretend, seemingly; false, not genuine, mock
pref. imitation, simulated; faked, false; fictitious, mock
pseudo- /sjuːdəu US suːdou/ prefix
[Language: Late Latin; Origin: Greek, from pseudes ‘false’]
false or not real
pseudo-intellectuals (=people who pretend to be clever)
She dismisses astrology as pseudo-science.
spurious، sham، pseud) پیشوند بمعنی ‘ کاذب ‘ و ‘ ساختگی ‘ و ‘ دروغ ‘.
pref. takma, sahte, yalancı
adj. imaginaire; soi-disant; pseudo
pref. contrefait, faux; imaginaire; fictif, fabriqué; pseudonyme
waddle
n. duck-like walk
v. walk in a duck-like manner
wad·dle /ˈwɔdl US ˈwɑːdl/ v [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: wade]
to walk with short steps, with your body moving from one side to another - used especially about people or birds with fat bodies and short legs
waddle off/down/over etc
Half a dozen ducks waddled up the bank.
>waddle n [singular]
راه رفتن اردک وار، اردک وار راه رفتن ، کج و سنگین راه رفتن .
n. badi badi yürüme, paytak paytak yürüyüş
v. badi badi yürümek, paytak paytak yürümek
n. dandiné à droite puis à gauche
v. se dandiner
enlighten
v. instruct, provide with intellectual or spiritual understanding
en·light·en /ɪnˈlaɪtn/ v [T]
formal to explain something to someone
enlighten sb as to/on/about sth
Baldwin enlightened her as to the nature of the experiment.
>enlightening adj
روشن فکرکردن ، روشن کردن ، تعلیمدادن .
v. aydınlatmak, öğretmek, bilgi vermek
v. éclairer, expliquer, commenter; faire comprendre
e: so where do u transact ur business enlighten me ?
jug
n. pitcher, rounded vessel made to hold liquids; jail, prison (Slang)
v. put in a jug; cook in a jug; imprison, put in jail (Slang)
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Perhaps from the female name Jug, given to ugly women, from Joan]
BrE a container with a wide curved opening at the top and a handle, used especially at meals for pouring liquids
American Equivalent: pitcher
a milk jug
AmE a deep round container with a very narrow opening at the top and a handle, used for holding liquids
British Equivalent: pitcher
also jugful /ˈdʒʌgful/
the amount of liquid that a jug will hold
jug of
a jug of water
jugs
not polite a woman’s breasts
کوزه ، بستو، درکوزه ریختن .
n. testi, çömlek, sürahi, kodes, şakıma, bülbül sesi
v. kodese tıkmak, güveçte pişirmek, şakımak, ötmek (bülbül)
n. cruche, pot, pichet; prison, taule (argot)
v. jeter au trou, emprisonner, mettre en prison (Familer); enchaîner; mettre dans une jarre; cuire dans une cruche
duck
n. type of swimming bird; score of zero; sweetheart, love (term of endearment); bending over
v. thrust under water, dunk, immerse; crouch, stoop, dodge
duck1 S3 /dʌk/ n
[Language: Old English; Origin: duce]
[C]
a very common water bird with short legs and a wide beak, used for its meat, eggs, and soft feathers
[C]
a female duck
→drake
[U]
the meat of a duck used as food
roast duck with orange sauce
take to sth like a duck to water
to learn how to do something very easily
She took to dancing like a duck to water.
also ducks
BrE spoken used to speak to someone, especially a woman, in a friendly way
What can I get you, ducks?
[C]
a score of zero by a batsman in a game of cricket
→ dead duck, lame duck,like water off a duck’s back at water 1 (8), ducks and drakes, sitting duck duck 2
duck2 v
also duck down [I and T]
to lower your head or body very quickly, especially to avoid being seen or hit
If she hadn’t ducked, the ball would have hit her.
duck behind/under etc
Jamie saw his father coming and ducked quickly behind the wall.
Tim ducked down to comb his hair in the mirror.
She ducked her head to look more closely at the inscription.
[I always + adverb/preposition]
to move somewhere very quickly, especially to avoid being seen or to get away from someone
duck into
The two men ducked into a block of flats and disappeared.
duck out of
She ducked out of the door before he could stop her.
duck back
’Wait a minute’, he called, ducking back inside.
[T] informal
to avoid something, especially a difficult or unpleasant duty
= dodge
The ruling body wanted to duck the issue of whether players had been cheating.
Glazer ducked a question about his involvement in the bank scandal.
[T]
to push someone under water for a short time as a joke
duck sb under sth
Tom grabbed him from behind to duck him under the surface.
duck out of [duck out of sth] phr v
to avoid doing something that you have to do or have promised to do
I always ducked out of history lessons at school.
اردک ، مرغابی، اردک ماده ، غوطه ، غوض، زیر آب رفتن ، غوض کردن .
n. ördek, sevgili, acayip tip, sakat tip, suda işleyebilen kamyon, branda bezi
v. dalmak, daldırıp çıkarmak, eğilmek, sinmek, başını eğerek savuşturmak, sıvışmak, kaytarmak
n. canard; zéro, fiasco; douceur; plongeon; esquive
v. courber; se pencher
e: u cant duck me forever
sneak
n. one who acts in a shifty and underhanded manner, base or contemptible person; informer (Slang); thief; act of sneaking
v. creep, slink, skulk; behave in an underhanded manner; do something or take something in a furtive manner; inform (Slang); steal (Slang)
sneak1 /sniːk/ v past tense and past participle sneaked or snuck /snʌk/ AmE
——————————————————————————–
1【go secretly】
2【take/give secretly】
3 sneak a look/glance/peek
4【steal】
Phrasal verbs
sneak on somebody
sneak up
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from Old English snican ‘to creep’]
【GO SECRETLY】 [I always + adverb/preposition]
to go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard
= creep sneak in/out/away etc
They sneaked off without paying!
She snuck out of the house once her parents were asleep.
【TAKE/GIVE SECRETLY】 [T]
to hide something and take it somewhere or give it to someone secretly
I snuck her a note.
sneak sth through/past etc sb/sth
Douglas had sneaked his camera into the show.
sneak a look/glance/peek
to look at something quickly and secretly, especially something that you are not supposed to see
He sneaked a look at her.
【STEAL】 [T] informal
to quickly and secretly steal something unimportant or of little value
sneak sth from sb
We used to sneak cigarettes from Dad.
sneak on [sneak on sb] phr v
to tell someone such as a parent or teacher about something that another person has done wrong, because you want to cause trouble for that person
A little brat named Oliver sneaked on me.
sneak up phr v
to come near someone very quietly, so that they do not see you until you reach them
sneak up on/behind etc
I wish you wouldn’t sneak up on me like that! sneak 2
sneak2 n [C]
BrE informal a child who other children dislike, because they tell adults about bad things that the other children have done wrong
You little sneak!
AmE informal someone who is not liked because they do things secretly and cannot be trusted sneak 3
sneak3 adj [only before noun]
doing things very secretly and quickly, so that people do not notice you or cannot stop you
a sneak attack
a sneak thief
sneaky= آب زیرکاه
دزدکی حرکته کردن ، خود را پنهان ساختن ، حرکت پنهانی.
n. korkak, alçak, sinsi tip, ispiyon, sinsi kimse
v. gizlice girmek, sessizce sokulmak, gizlice yapmak, çalmak, yürütmek, ispiyonlamak, gammazlamak
n. quelqu’un qui rentre et qui sort furtivement ou à la dérobée; mouchard
v. se faufiler, partir furtivement; se défiler; moucharder, cafarder (argot); voler
e: when i went to ur office u snuck out the back way
humiliate
v. shame, mortify, lower someone’s pride, humble
hu·mil·i·ate /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/ v [T]
to make someone feel ashamed or stupid, especially when other people are present
= embarrass
Her boss humiliated her in front of all her colleagues.
>humiliated adj
I’ve never felt so humiliated in all my life.
پست کردن ، تحقیر کردن ، اهانت کردن به .
f. kibrini kırmak, utandırmak, hakaret etmek, rezil etmek.
v. humilier
e: i have never been so humiliated like this
doable
adj. possible, achievable, can be done
کردنی، شدنی.
adj. yapılabilir
adj. faisable
conjecture
n. guess, supposition, assumption
v. hypothesize, guess, surmise, infer, speculate
con·jec·ture1 /kənˈdʒektʃə US -ər/ n formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: conjectura, from conicere ‘to throw together’, from com- ( COM-) + jacere ‘to throw’]
[U]
when you form ideas or opinions without having very much information to base them on
What she said was pure conjecture .
There has been some conjecture about a possible merger.
[C]
an idea or opinion formed by guessing
= guess, hypothesis hypothesis
My results show that this conjecture was, in fact, correct.
>conjectural adj conjecture 2
conjecture2 v [I and T] formal
to form an idea or opinion without having much information to base it on
= guess conjecture that
It seems reasonable to conjecture that these conditions breed violence.
گمان ، حدس.حدس، ظن ، گمان ، تخمین ، حدس زدن ، گمان بردن .
n. tahmin, varsayım
v. varsaymak; sanmak, zannetmek; kestirmek; tahmin etmek
n. conjecture, hypothèse, supposition
v. conjecturer, deviner
e: this is conjecture
iniquity
n. wickedness, evil; injustice
in·iq·ui·ty /ɪˈnɪkwɪti/ n plural iniquities [U and C] formal
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: iniquité, from Latin, from aequus ‘equal’]
the quality of being very unfair or evil, or something that is very unfair
iniquity of
He went on and on about the iniquities of bourgeois oppression.
They were trying to protect their son from iniquity.
→den of iniquity at den
بی انصافی، شرارت.
n. haksızlık, kötülük, günah
n. iniquité, injustice, méchanceté
lieutenant
n. commissioned rank (Military); officer who holds the rank of lieutenant (Military); assistant, deputy
lieu·ten·ant /lefˈtenənt US luːˈten-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: lieu ‘place’ + tenant ‘holding’]
a) a fairly low rank in the armed forces, or an officer of this rank
b) a fairly high rank in the US police force, or an officer of this rank
lieutenant colonel/general/Governor etc
an officer or official with the rank just below colonel, general 2, governor etc
[C]
someone who does work for, or in place of, someone in a higher position
= deputy
( نظ. ) ستوان ، ناوبان ، نایب، وکیل، رسدبان .
n. teğmen, yüzbaşı, üsteğmen [brit.], vekil, yardımcı, sağ kol
n. lieutenant, grade militaire; remplaçant; second
e: we netted a bunch of his lieutenant
prick
n. stab, puncture; ache, pain; penis (Slang)
v. stab with a sharp object; perforate, pierce
prick1 /prɪk/ v
[T]
to make a small hole in something using something sharp
Prick the sausages before you grill them.
prick yourself/prick your finger
(=accidentally make a hole in your skin)
She had pricked her finger on a rose thorn.
[I and T]
if something pricks a part of your body, or if it pricks, you feel small sharp pains
→prickle
Angry tears pricked her eyes.
a curious pricking sensation
prick sb’s conscience
if something pricks someone’s conscience or their conscience pricks them, they feel guilty or ashamed
Her conscience pricked her as she told the lie.
prick (up) its ears
if an animal pricks up its ears, it raises them to listen to a sound
The rabbit stopped suddenly, pricking up its ears.
prick (up) your ears
if you prick up your ears or your ears prick up, you listen carefully because you have heard something interesting
Jay pricked up his ears when I mentioned a vacation.
prick sth out [prick sth⇔ out] phr v
to place young plants in soil after you have grown them from seed prick 2
prick2 n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1【person】
2【sex organ】
3【point entering】
4【emotion】
5 prick of conscience
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: prica]
【PERSON】
spoken not polite a very offensive word for a stupid unpleasant man
【SEX ORGAN】
informal not polite a penis
【POINT ENTERING】
a) a slight pain you get when something sharp goes into your skin
I didn’t feel the prick of the needle.
b) BrE an act of pricking something
Give the sausages a prick.
→ pinprick
【EMOTION】
a sudden slight feeling you get when you are unhappy about something
prick of
She felt a prick of resentment when she saw them together.
prick of conscience
an uncomfortable feeling that you have done something wrong
خراش سوزن ، نقطه ، زخم بقدر سرسوزن ، جزئ کوچک چیزی، هدف، منظور، نقطه نت موسیقی، چیزخراش دهنده ( مثل نوک سوزن )، خار، تیغ، نیش، سیخونک ، آلت ذکور، راست، شق، خلیدن ، باچیز نوک تیز فروکردن ، خراش دادن ، با سیخونک بحرکت واداشتن ، تحریک کردن ، آزردن .
n. diken, iğne, iğneleme, diken batması, delinme, delik (sivri uçla), sızı, kalleş
v. iğne batırmak, diken batırmak, delmek, vicdanını sızlatmak, listede işaretlemek, dikmek (bitki), vurmak (silahla), yaralamak
n. piqûre; mal, douleur; pénis, verge; couillon
v. piquer; crever, percer; perforer
withdraw
v. pull back; remove from; take money from the bank; take back; retire; depart; remove; take out
with·draw
W2 /wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθ- US -ˈdrɔː/ v past tense withdrew /-ˈdruː/ past participle withdrawn /-ˈdrɔːn US -ˈdrɔːn/
——————————————————————————–
1【not take part】
2【stop supporting】
3【change your mind】
4【say something is not true】
5【product/service】
6【leave a place】
7【money】
8【move】
9【take out】
10【stop communicating】
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: with ‘from’ + draw ‘to pull’]
【NOT TAKE PART】
a) [I and T]
to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization etc, or to make someone do this
withdraw from
A knee injury forced her to withdraw from the competition.
calls for Britain to withdraw from the European Union
withdraw sth/sb from sth
Parents have the right to withdraw their children from religious education lessons if they wish.
【STOP SUPPORTING】 [T]
to stop giving support or money to someone or something, especially as the result of an official decision
One of the minority parties had withdrawn its support for Chancellor Kohl.
Union members will vote on whether to withdraw their labour (=stop working) .
a government decision to withdraw funding
【CHANGE YOUR MIND】 [T]
if you withdraw a threat, offer, request etc, you say that you no longer will do what you said
After much persuasion he agreed to withdraw his resignation.
【SAY SOMETHING IS NOT TRUE】 [T] formal
if you withdraw a remark, criticism, statement etc, you say that what you said earlier was completely untrue
= retract
He refused to withdraw his remarks and was expelled from the Party.
The newspaper has agreed to withdraw its allegations.
【PRODUCT/SERVICE】 [T]
if a product or service is withdrawn, it is no longer offered for sale or use
withdraw sth from sale/from the market
The drug has been withdrawn from the market for further tests.
【LEAVE A PLACE】
a) [I and T]
if an army withdraws, or if it is withdrawn, it leaves a place
= pull out
the USA’s decision to withdraw 40,000 troops from western Europe
b) [I]
to leave a place, especially in order to be alone or go somewhere quiet
withdraw to
We withdrew to the garden for a private talk.
【MONEY】 [T]
to take money out of a bank account
withdraw sth from sth
I’d like to withdraw £500 from my current account.
【MOVE】 [T]
if you withdraw your hand, arm, finger etc from somewhere, you move it from there to where it was before
Claudia withdrew her hand from his.
【TAKE OUT】 [T]
literary to take an object out from inside something
withdraw sth from sth
She withdrew a document from her briefcase.
【STOP COMMUNICATING】 [I]
to become quieter, less friendly, and only concerned about your own thoughts
withdraw into/from
Ralph has withdrawn from the other kids.
Many depressed people just withdraw into themselves.
پس گرفتن ، کنار کشیدن ، دریغ داشتن .پس گرفتن ، کنار کشیدن ، دریغ داشتن .(withdrawal) پس گرفتن ، باز گرفتن ، صرفنظر کردن ، بازگیری.
v. çekmek, almak, geri almak, geri çekmek, para çekmek, çekilmek, ayrılmak, geri çekilmek, çekinmek
v. se retirer; enlever; faire reculer; retirer (de l’argent); retourner, revenir; reprendre; abandonner; sortir
collateral
n. security deposit
adj. of secondary importance, insignificant; corresponding
col·lat·e·ral1 /kəˈlætərəl/ n [U]
property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you
= security
People put up their homes as collateral in order to raise the money to invest in the scheme.
>collateralize AmE v [T] collateral 2
collateral2 adj [only before noun]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: collateralis, from Latin com- ( COM-) + lateralis ( LATERAL)]
collateral damage
people who are hurt or killed, or property that is damaged accidentally in a war - used especially by the army, navy etc
Hitting any non-military targets would risk ‘collateral damage’.
relating to something or happening as a result of it, but not as important
There may be collateral benefits to the scheme.
collateral relatives are members of your family who are not closely related to you
هم بر، پهلو به پهلو، متوازی، تضمین ، ( آمر. ) وثیقه .
n. collatéral; garantie
adj. collatéral
e: collateral loans
lousy
adj. infested with lice; dirty, filthy (Slang); detestable, vile, revolting (Slang); extremely rich (Slang) lou·sy /ˈlauzi/ adj comparative lousier superlative lousiest especially spoken of very bad quality = awful, terrible terrible What lousy weather! The food was lousy. a lousy film spoken feel lousy if you feel lousy, you feel ill spoken not very good at doing something = hopeless, terrible terrible lousy at/with I'm lousy at tennis. Brenda's lousy with kids. a lousy teacher spoken small, useless, or unimportant He left me a lousy fifty cent tip. be lousy with sth AmE old-fashioned a) a place that is lousy with people of a particular kind is too full of them The town was lousy with tourists. b) someone who is lousy with money has a lot more of it than they need شپشو، کثیف، چرکین ، اکبیری، نکبت، پست. louse= شپش adj. bitli, kötü, iğrenç, alçak adj. pouilleux, plein de poux; sale, ignoble, moche; dégoutant; plein aux as, gros richard (Argot) e: that lousy son of bitch!
ghetto bird
police helicopter
A police helicopter, specifically in the context of patrolling or searching impoverished, high-crime urban areas.
e: they got ghetto birds
dementia
n. mental impairment due to old age or illness (Medical)
de·men·tia /dɪˈmenʃə, -ʃiə US -tʃə/ n [U]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: mens ‘mind’]
an illness that affects the brain and memory, and makes you gradually lose the ability to think and behave normally
(طب) دیوانگی، جنون ، سفه .
n. akıl hastalığı; kişilik bölünmesi; bunaklık
n. démence, folie (anomalie mentale due soit à la vieillesse ou à une maladie )
degenerate
n. mental retard; sexual pervert, one who has does not follow the accepted moral standards
v. become worse, deteriorate; lose quality; deteriorate into a state of low moral values; cause deterioration
adj. pertaining to degeneration or deterioration; depraved, wicked
de·gen·e·rate1 /dɪˈdʒenəreɪt/ v [I]
to become worse
degenerate into
The conference degenerated into a complete fiasco.
>degeneration /dɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ n [U] degenerate 2
de·gen·e·rate2 /dɪˈdʒenərɪt/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: degeneratus, from genus ‘type, kind, race’]
formal morally unacceptable
The painting was condemned as ‘degenerate’. degenerate 3
degenerate3 n [C]
someone whose behaviour is considered to be morally unacceptable
روبه انحطاط گذاردن ، فاسد شدن ، منحط.
n. bozulmuş kimse; yoz hayvan
v. dejenere olmak; soyu bozulmak, yozlaşmak
adj. soysuz, soysuzlaşmış, yoz, yozlaşmış, bozulmuş, dejenere
n. dégénéré
v. dégénérer
adj. dégénéré
e; u degenerate piece of filth
ranch
n. farm with large pastureland for raising livestock
v. work on a ranch, operate a ranch
ranch /rɑːntʃ US ræntʃ/ n [C]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Mexican Spanish; Origin: rancho, from Spanish, ‘camp, small building, small farm’, from French ranger ‘to put in a row’]
a very large farm in the western US and Canada where sheep, cattle, or horses are bred
a ranch house
مزرعه یا مرتع احشام، دامداری کردن ، در مرتع پرورش احشام کردن .
n. çiftlik, hayvan üretme çiftliği
v. çiftlik işletmek, çiftlikte yaşamak, hayvancılık yapmak (çiftlikte)
n. ferme, ferme-école
v. travailler dans un ranch, diriger un ranch
e: my father had owned a ranch
carrion
n. dead rotten flesh (often eaten by scavengers)
car·ri·on /ˈkæriən/ n [U]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: caroine, from Vulgar Latin caronia, from Latin caro; CARNAL]
the decaying flesh of dead animals, which is eaten by some animals and birds
مردار، لاشه ، گوشت گندیده .
n. leş (Argo), kokmuş et, leş gibi şey (Argo)
n. charogne, corps de bête morte; cadavre humain abandonné
hyena
n. carnivorous nocturnal animal which resembles a dog native to Africa (also hyaena)
hy·e·na
also hyaena BrE /haɪˈiːnə/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: hyaena, from Greek, from hys ‘pig’]
a wild animal like a dog that makes a sound like a laugh
ج. ش. ) کفتار، ( مج. ) آدم درنده خو یا خائن .
n. sırtlan
n. hyène
shin
n. front part of the leg between the knee and ankle; tibia, bone located at the front of the lower leg (Anatomy)
v. climb by wrapping the arms and legs around an object and pulling oneself upward
shin1 /ʃɪn/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: scinu]
the front part of your leg between your knee and your foot shin 2
shin2 past tense and past participle shinned present participle shinning
v [I] BrE
shin up/down
to climb quickly up or down a tree, pole etc by using your hands and legs
American Equivalent: shinny
He shinned up a tree.
پیاده وباسرعت رفتن ، قلم پا، ساق پا، قلم پای خوک ، گوشت قلم پا.
n. incik, bacak
v. koşmak, öne fırlamak, tırmanmak, bacağına vurmak
n. tibia, brillant
v. grimper à un arbre; grimper
vile
adj. filthy; repulsive; needy; morally depraved; of poor quality
vile /vaɪl/ adj
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: vil, from Latin vilis ‘worthless’]
informal extremely unpleasant or bad
= horrible
This coffee tastes really vile .
a vile smell
She has a vile temper .
evil or immoral
a vile act of betrayal
>vilely adv
>vileness n [U]
پست، فرومایه ، فاسد، بداخلاق، شرمآور، زننده .
adj. alçak, değersiz, adi, rezil, aşağılık, iğrenç, berbat, kepaze, hasis
adj. vil, méprisable, odieux, abominable
e: They are usually vile and nasty looking
pathogen
n. something that causes disease (i.e. bacteria or virus)
path·o·gen /ˈpæθədʒən, -dʒen/ n [C] technical
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Greek; Origin: pathos ( PATHOS) + English -gen ‘producing’]
something that causes disease in your body
>pathogenic /ˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk/ adj
pathogene) ( طب ) بیماریزا.
i., tıb. hastalığa sebebiyet veren mikrop veya virüs.
n. microbe pathogène
mold
n. pattern or form for giving a particular shape; something that has been molded; nature, character; decorative edging, patterned rim; fungal growth (also mould)
v. fashion, shape; shape or form in a mold; become moldy, mildew; determine the nature of; ornament with molding, trim with edging; influence the character of (also mould)
n. loose rich soil (also mould)
mold /məuld US mould/ n, v
the American spelling of mould
>molding n
mould 1
mould1 BrE mold AmE /məuld US mould/ n
——————————————————————————–
1【shaped container】
2【type of person】
3 break the mould
4【growing substance】
——————————————————————————–
【SHAPED CONTAINER】 [C]
a hollow container that you pour a liquid or soft substance into, so that when it becomes solid, it takes the shape of the container
Another method, used especially for figures, was to pour the clay into a mould.
lime jell-o in a mould
【TYPE OF PERSON】 [singular]
if someone is in a particular mould, or fits into a particular mould, they have all the attitudes and qualities typical of a type of person
fit (into) a mould
She didn’t quite fit into the standard ‘high-flying businesswoman’ mould.
in the same mould (as sb/sth)/in the mould of sb/sth
a socialist intellectual in the mould of Anthony Crossland
break the mould
to change a situation completely, by doing something that has not been done before
an attempt to break the mould of British politics
【GROWING SUBSTANCE】[U]
a soft green, grey, or black substance that grows on food which has been kept too long, and on objects that are in warm, wet air
The chemical was used to kill a mold that grows on peanuts.
The walls were black with mould.
→ leaf mould mould 2
mould2 v BrE mold AmE
[T]
to shape a soft substance by pressing or rolling it or by putting it into a mould
mould sth into sth
Mould the sausage meat into little balls.
moulded plastic chairs
[T]
to influence the way someone’s character or attitudes develop
mould sth/sb into sth
I try to take young athletes and mold them into team players.
an attempt to mold public opinion
[I and T]
to fit closely to the shape of something, or to make something fit closely
mould (sth) to sth
The lining of the boot molds itself to the shape of your foot.
Her wet dress was moulded to her body.
قارچ انگلی گیاهان ، کپک قارچی، کپرک ، کپرک زدن ، قالب، کالبد، با قالب بشکلدرآوردن .
n. kalıp, şekil, yapı, yaradılış, küf, gübreli toprak, humuslu toprak
v. şekil vermek, biçimlendirmek, kalıba dökmek, küflendirmek, küflenmek
n. moule, forme, format, cliché; moisissure; putréfaction; rouille; nature, caractère, qualité; moulure, rebord
v. mouler, façonner, former
n. moisi; moisissure; terre végétale: humus; calibre, profil; moule; matrice
symbiosis
n. arrangement in which two dissimilar organisms live together in what is usually a mutually beneficial manner (Biology)
sym·bi·o·sis /ˌsɪmbaɪˈəusɪs US -ˈou-/ n [singular, U]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: Greek, from symbios ‘living together’]
formal a relationship between people or organizations that depend on each other equally
technical the relationship between different living things that depend on each other
همزیگری، همزیستی، زندگی تعاونی، همزیستی وتجانس دوموجود مختلف یا دوگروه مختلفباهم.
n. ortakyaşama, ortakyaşarlık, sembiyoz
n. symbiose, association durable entre deux organismes vivants (Biologie); étroite union
e: best known example of symbiosis
lunge
n. abrupt forward movement, sudden thrusting motion
v. move forward abruptly, make a sudden thrusting movement
lunge /lʌndʒ/ v [I]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: allonger ‘to make longer, put (your arm) out’]
to make a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack them
lunge at/forward/towards/out etc
The goats lunged at each other with their horns.
John lunged forward and grabbed him by the throat.
>lunge n [C]
Brad made a lunge towards his opponent, but missed.
حمله ناگهانی (مثلا با شمشیر )، پرتاب ناگهانی، جهش، پیشروی ناگهانی، خیز، جهش کردن ، خیز زدن .
n. hamle, saldırma
v. hamle yapmak, saldırmak, at terbiye etmek
n. poussée, impulsion; mouvement fort en avant; bond
v. bondir; pousser, pousser en avant
e: Tuco lunged toward the vehicle
sacrilege
n. desecration of the holy, profanation of the sacred
sac·ri·lege /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin sacrilegium, from sacer ( SACRED) + legere ‘to gather, steal’]
when someone treats something holy in a way that does not show respect
when someone treats something that another person thinks is very important or special without enough care or respect
it is sacrilege (for sb) to do sth
It’s sacrilege to even think of destroying that lovely building.
>sacrilegious /ˌsækrɪˈlɪdʒəs/ adj
توهین به مقدسات، سرقت اشیائ مقدسه ، تجاوز بمقدسات.
n. kutsal şeye saygısızlık, kutsal şeyleri çalma
n. sacrilège, profanation
e: Adelaide man charged with sacrilege, a crime described as a ‘throwback to a different time’
desecration
n. defilement, violation, profanation, sacrilege
des·e·crate /ˈdesɪkreɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: de- + consecrate]
to spoil or damage something holy or respected
>desecration /ˌdesɪˈkreɪʃən/ n [U]
بی حرمتی، هتک حرمت.
n. kutsal şeye saygısızlık; hürmetsizlik; tecâvüz
n. désécration, profanation
e: Ayatollah Lankarani condemns Quran desecration in Sweden
crutch
n. wooden or metal staff used to help a lame person walk; support, prop
[Language: Old English; Origin: crycc]
[usually plural]
one of a pair of long sticks that you put under your arms to help you walk when you have hurt your leg
on crutches
(=use crutches)
I was on crutches for three months after the operation.
something that gives someone support or help, especially something that is not really good for them
As things got worse at work, he began to use alcohol as a crutch.
BrE the part of your body between the tops of your legs
= crotch
چوب زیر بغل، عصای زیر بغل، محل انشعاب بدن انسان ( چون زیر بغل ومیان دوران )، دوشاخه ، هر عضو یا چیزی که کمک ونگهدار چیزی باشد، دوقاچ جلو وعقب زین ، باچوبزیربغل راه رفتن ، دوشاخه زیر چیزی گذاشتن .
n. koltuk değneği, destek
n. béquille; support; entrecuisse, aine
e: u mean the the kid with the crutches
outpatient
n. patient who is not hospitalized
out·pa·tient /ˈautˌpeɪʃənt/ n [C]
someone who goes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay for the night
→inpatient
an outpatient clinic
a routine examination in outpatients (=the outpatient department of a hospital)
بیمار سرپائی بیمارستان .
n. ayakta tedavi edilen hasta, hastanede yatmayan hasta
n. malade externe; malade non hospitalisé
abide
v. stay; live, dwell; continue; tolerate, put up with; wait; comply, submit, obey, conform
a·bide /əˈbaɪd/ v
[Language: Old English; Origin: abidan, from bidan; BIDE]
sb can’t abide sb/sth
used to say that someone dislikes something or someone very much
I can’t abide that man - he’s so self-satisfied.
past tense abode /əˈbəud US əˈboud/
[I always + adverb/preposition] old use to live somewhere
abide by [abide by sth] phr v
to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with it
You have to abide by the referee’s decision.
ایستادگیکردن ، پایدارماندن ، ماندن ، ساکن شدن ، منزل کردن ، ایستادن ، منتظر شدن ، وفا کردن ، تاب آوردن .
v. tahammül etmek, katlanmak, çekmek; kurala uymak, sadik kalmak; kalmak, beklemek;
v. rester, demeurer; résider; tenir (promesse); tolérer; se conformer à, se soumettre à; repecter; obéir; attendre; maintenir, continuer
e: u abide by these strictures absolutely
