Ielts-7 Flashcards
comply
v. submit, consent, obey
com·ply /kəmˈplaɪ/ v past tense and past participle complied present participle complying third person singular complies [I] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Italian; Origin: complire, from Spanish cumplir ‘to complete, do what is needed, be polite’, from Latin complere; COMPLETE1]
to do what you have to do or are asked to do
→compliance, compliant compliant comply with
Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.
The newspaper was asked by federal agents for assistance and agreed to comply.
موافقت کردن ، برآوردن ، اجابت کردن .
v. razı olmak, uymak, boyun eğmek
v. se conformer à, se soumettre à; obéir, consentir
delinquent
n. one who is delinquent; one who is guilty of an offense; juvenile delinquent
adj. guilty of an offense
de·lin·quent1 /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: delinquere ‘to fail, offend’, from linquere ‘to leave’]
behaving in a way that is illegal or that society does not approve of
→criminal
delinquent girls/boys/children/teenagers
technical a delinquent debt, account etc has not been paid on time
the recovery of delinquent loans delinquent 2
delinquent2 n [C]
someone, especially a young person, who breaks the law or behaves in ways their society does not approve of
Deanes writes and lectures about teenage delinquents.
→ juvenile delinquent
متخلف، مرتکب جنایت یا جنحه ، غفلت کار.
n. kabahatli kimse, suçlu; ihmalkâr kimse; zamanında yapılmayan ödeme
adj. hatalı, suçlu, ihmali olan, geciktirilmiş
n. délinquant
adj. délinquant; coupable d’un crime; voyou
boulder
boul·der /ˈbəuldə US ˈbouldər/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: From a Scandinavian language]
a large round piece of rock
تخته سنگ ، سنگ ، گرداله .
n. aşınmış kaya parçası
n. roc; gros caillou, bloc de pierres, rocher
extort
v. obtain (money, information, etc.) through threat or intimidation, blackmail
ex·tort /ɪkˈstɔːt US -ɔːrt/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of extorquere, from torquere ‘to twist’]
to illegally force someone to give you something, especially money, by threatening them
→blackmail extort sth from sb
Rebels extorted money from local villagers.
>extortion /ɪkˈstɔːʃən US -ɔːr-/ n [U]
He faces charges of kidnapping and extortion.
>extortionist n [C]
بزورگرفتن ، بزور تهدید یا شکنجه گرفتن ، اخاذی کردن ، زیاد ستاندن .
v. zorla yaptırmak, zorla almak, koparmak, gaspetmek, tehditle almak
v. extorquer
chronic
adj. lingering, lasting (as of an illness); constant
chron·ic /ˈkrɔnɪk US ˈkrɑː-/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: chronique, from Greek chronikos ‘of time’, from chronos; CHRON-]
a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured
→acute
chronic arthritis
chronic asthma
chronic heart disease
a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved
a period of recession and chronic unemployment
There is now a chronic shortage of teachers.
chronic alcoholic/gambler etc
someone who has behaved in a particular way for a long time and cannot stop
He was a chronic alcoholic and unable to hold down a job.
a chronic smoker
BrE informal extremely bad
The food was absolutely chronic!
>chronically /-kli/ adv
patients who are chronically ill
The service has been chronically underfunded for years.
دیرینه ، مزمن ، سخت، شدید، گرانرو.
adj. kronik, sürekli, müzmin, devamlı; berbat, çok kötü
adj. chronique; continuel
embroil
v. involve in conflict, entangle; become entangled in conflict
em·broil /ɪmˈbrɔɪl/ v [T]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: embrouiller, from brouiller ‘to mix together’]
to involve someone or something in a difficult situation
embroil sb/sth in sth
I became embroiled in an argument with the taxi driver.
به نزاع انداختن ، میانه برهم زدن ، دچار کردن ، آشفته کردن .
v. karıştırmak, bulaştırmak, ara bozmak, bozmak
v. embrouiller, se trouver mêlé à une bagarre
meddle
v. interfere with others affairs; show concern or become involved with affairs that are not one’s business
med·dle /ˈmedl/ v [I]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: mesler, medler, from Latin miscere ‘to mix’]
to deliberately try to influence or change a situation that does not concern you, or that you do not understand
= interfere meddle in
I don’t like other people meddling in the way I run this prison.
He accused the US of meddling in China’s internal affairs .
meddle with
I’m not the sort of newspaper owner who meddles with editorial policy.
BrE to touch something which you should not touch, especially in a careless way that might break it
meddle with
You have no right to come in here meddling with my things.
>meddler n [C]
>meddling n [U]
>meddling adj [only before noun]
meddling politicians
میان ، وسط، مرکز، کمر، میانی، وسطی، در وسط قرار دادن .فضولی کردن ، دخالت بیجا کردن ، مداخله کردن ، مخلوط کردن ، آمیختن ، پراکنده کردن ، جماع کردن ، ور رفتن .
v. karışmak, burnunu sokmak
v. se mêler de choses qui ne nous concernent pas, fourrer son nez dans les affaires des autres, s’insérer dans les affaires d’autrui
e: China to introduce visa restrictions on us officials meddling in Hong Kong affairs
e: China ‘Has No Interest’ in Meddling in US Presidential Election Amid Trump’s Allegations
refute
v. rebut, disprove, prove false
re·fute /rɪˈfjuːt/ v [T] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: refutare, from -futare ‘to hit’]
to prove that a statement or idea is not correct
= rebut
refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea etc
an attempt to refute Darwin’s theories
to say that a statement is wrong or unfair
= deny
refute an allegation/a suggestion etc
She refuted any allegations of malpractice.
>refutable adj
>refutation /ˌrefjuˈteɪʃən/ n [U and C]
رد کردن ، تکذیب کردن ، اشتباه کسی را اثبات کردن .
v. çürütmek, aksini ispatlamak, yalanlamak, reddetmek, yanlışlığını kanıtlamak
v. réfuter, contredire; désapprouver
e: Kremlin refutes reports of Russia’s deal with Taliban
seduce
v. tempt, entice, lure; lead astray, corrupt; persuade to engage in sexual activity
se·duce /sɪˈdjuːs US -ˈduːs/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: seducere ‘to lead away’, from ducere ‘to lead’]
to persuade someone to have sex with you, especially in a way that is attractive and not too direct
The head lecturer was sacked for seducing female students.
Are you trying to seduce me?
[often passive]
to make someone want to do something by making it seem very attractive or interesting to them
I was young and seduced by New York.
seduce sb into doing sth
Leaders are people who can seduce other people into sharing their dream.
اغوا کردن ، گمراه کردن ، از راه بدر کردن ، فریفتن .
v. baştan çıkarmak, tahrik etmek, ayartmak, kanına girmek, iğfal etmek
v. séduire, charmer, tenter; fasciner, plaire; conquérir; enjôler, appâter; corrompre, persuader qqn à avoir des rapports sexuels hors mariage, débaucher, déshonorer
bounty
n. generosity; money given as reward (often for the execution or capture of a wanted criminal)
boun·ty /ˈbaunti/ n plural bounties
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: bonté ‘goodness’, from Latin bonitas, from bonus; BONUS]
[C]
an amount of money that is given to someone by the government as a reward for doing something, especially catching or killing a criminal
bounty on
a notorious cattle rustler with a bounty on his head
[U] literary
food or wealth that is provided in large amounts
People came from all over the world to enjoy America’s bounty.
[U] literary
the quality of being generous
بخشش، سخاوت، انعام، اعانه ، شهامت، آزادمنشی، وفور، بخشایندگی.
n. cömertlik, armağan, hediye, bağış, ikramiye, prim
n. générosité; gratification, prime; indemnité; subvention
e: The intelligence that assessed there was an effort by a Russian military intelligence unit to pay the Taliban to kill US soldiers
petition
n. request, demand; plea, appeal
v. submit a request; appeal, plead; entreat, solicit
pe·ti·tion1 /pɪˈtɪʃən/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin petitio, from petere ‘to try to get or find’]
a written request signed by a lot of people, asking someone in authority to do something or change something
petition for/against
a petition against the new road
They wanted me to sign a petition against experiments on animals.
Local residents have drawn up a petition to protest the hospital closure.
petition drive AmE (=an attempt to get a lot of people to sign a petition)
law an official letter to a law court, asking for a legal case to be considered
petition for
She is threatening to file a petition for divorce.
formal a formal prayer or request to someone in authority or to God petition 2
petition2 v [I and T]
to ask the government or an organization to do something by sending them a petition
petition sb to do sth
Villagers petitioned the local authority to provide better bus services.
petition against/for
Residents are petitioning against the new road.
law or formal to make a formal request to someone in authority, to a court of law, or to God
petition for
More and more couples are petitioning for divorce .
دادخواست، عرضحال، عریضه ، تظلم، دادخواهی کردن ، درخواست کردن .
n. talep, rica, istirham, dilek, dilekçe
v. dilekçe vermek, rica etmek, istirham etmek
n. pétition; requête; réclamation
v. adresser une pétition; présenter une requête; insister
Lavender
n. any of a number of plants or shrubs belonging to the mint family and having scented purple flowers; dried flowers and leaves of the lavender plant; pale bluish purple color
lav·en·der /ˈlævɪndə US -ər/ n
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: lavendre, from Medieval Latin lavandula, perhaps from Latin lividus ‘bluish’ or lavare ‘to wash’]
[U and C]
a plant that has grey-green leaves and purple flowers with a strong pleasant smell
[U]
a pale purple colour(گ . ش. ) اسطو خودوس عادی، عطر سنبل، بنفش کمرنگ .
n. lavanta, eflâtun lavender 2
adj. eflâtun, lavanta rengi
n. lavande, arbrisseau aux fleurs bleues en épi (plante odorante); nuance de pourpre et de bleu
e: A young woman in a lavender filed in Crimea
reveller
n. merrymaker, celebrator, one who takes part in festivities
revel(V)
عیاش. خوش گذران
n. eğlence düşkünü, zevk ve sefaya düşkün tip, sabahlara kadar eğlenen kimse
n. noceur
e: London police attacked by revellers as officers attempted to disperse illegal rave party
propensity
n. inclination, tendency, disposition, aptitude; special trait, distinct trait
pro·pen·si·ty /prəˈpensɪti/ n plural propensities [C usually singular]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: propense ‘tending’ (16-19 centuries), from Latin, past participle of propendere ‘to lean toward’]
formal a natural tendency to behave in a particular way
propensity to do sth
the male propensity to fight
propensity for
He seems to have a propensity for breaking things.
تمایل طبیعی، میل باطنی، رغبت، گرایش.
i. eğiklik, eğilim; eski arzu, istek.
n. propension, tendance profonde; disposition, aptitude; trait spécifique
ruminate
v. chew cud, regurgitate food and re-chew it; think, meditate, ponder
ru·mi·nate /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ v [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of ruminare, from rumen ‘throat’]
formal to think carefully and deeply about something
ruminate on/over
He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world.
technical if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back into their mouths from their stomachs and chew it again
>rumination /ˌruːmɪˈneɪʃən/ n [U and C]
نشخوار کردن ، اندیشه کردن ، دوباره جویدن .
v. geviş getirmek, uzun uzun düşünmek, düşünüp taşınmak, dalıp gitmek, düşünmek, kurmak, tasarlamak
v. ruminer; penser, réfléchir, méditer
e: Maximizers also tend to brood or ruminate more than satisficers do
brood
n. clutch, hatch, group of young born or hatched at the same time (especially of birds); family, children; group of related objects
v. hatch, incubate; muse, reflect, think; sulk
adj. kept for breeding
brood1 /bruːd/ v [I]
to keep thinking about something that you are worried or upset about
Don’t sit at home brooding all day.
brood over/about/on
There’s no point brooding over it - she’s gone.
if a bird broods, it sits on its eggs to make the young birds break out brood 2
brood2 n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: brod]
a family of young birds all born at the same time
a family with a lot of children - used humorously
brood of
Mary has a whole brood of grandchildren.
کلیه جوجه هائی که یکباره سراز تخم درمیاورند، جوجه های یک وهله جوجه کشی، جوجه ، بچه ، توی فکر فرورفتن .
n. bir kuluçkada çıkan yavrular, damızlık, civcivler, aile, çoluk çocuk
v. kuluçkaya yatmak, kara kara düşünmek, arpacı kumrusu gibi düşünmek; üzerinde dolaşmak (belâ vb)
n. couvée (poussins); volée (pigeons); naissain (huîtres, moules); famille, enfants, marmaille; race, catégorie, groupe d’objets semblables
v. couver; accouver; broyer du noir; réflechir; penser, méditer
adj. couveuse
dispensable
adj. unimportant, may be done without; may be administered, may be handed out
di·spen·sa·ble /dɪˈspensəbəl/ adj
not necessary or important and so easy to get rid of
≠ indispensable
Part-time workers are considered dispensable.
صرفنظر کردنی، چاره پذیر، غیرضروری، غیرواجب، چشم پوشیدنی، معاف کردنی.
adj. olmasa da olabilir, vazgeçilebilir, elzem olmayan
adj. dont on peut se passer
———————-
dispense [dis·pense || dɪ’spens]
v. do without, give up; distribute, give out, hand out
n. expenditure; pardon
di·spense /dɪˈspens/ v [T] formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: dispensare ‘to share out’, from pendere ‘to weigh’]
to give something to people, especially in fixed amounts
= give out dispense sth to sb
Villagers dispensed tea to people involved in the accident.
a machine for dispensing cash
to officially provide something for people
dispense justice
(=decide whether or not someone is guilty of a crime and what punishment they should receive)
to officially prepare and give medicines to people
dispense with [dispense with sth] phr v
to not use or do something that people usually use or do, because it is not necessary
Ann suggested that they dispense with speeches altogether at the wedding.
dispense with sb’s services
(=no longer employ someone)
Let’s dispense with the formalities (=speak openly and directly) , shall we?
extradite
v. hand over to another nation or judicial authority (i.e. a fugitive, criminal, etc.)
ex·tra·dite /ˈekstrədaɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: extradition (19-21 centuries), from French, from Latin traditio ‘handing over’; TRADITION]
to use a legal process to send someone who may be guilty of a crime back to the country where the crime happened in order to judge them in a court of law
extradite sb to/from Britain/the US etc
They are expected to be extradited to Britain to face trial.
>extradition /ˌekstrəˈdɪʃən/ n [U and C]
an extradition order
مقصرین را پس دادن ، مجرمین مقیم کشور بیگانه را به کشور اصلیشان تسلیم کردن .
(f). suçluları iade etmek veya ettirmek. extraditable (s). iade edilebilir(suçlu). extradition (i). suçluları iade.
v. iade etmek (suçlu), suçluyu ülkesine iade etmek
e: Australia suspends Hong Kong extradition treaty
furlough
n. leave of absence (for a soldier, employee, etc.)
v. give a leave of absence (to a soldier, employee, etc.)
fur·lough /ˈfəːləu US ˈfəːrlou/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Dutch; Origin: verlof ‘permission’]
a period of time when a soldier or someone working in another country can return to their own country
= leave
a young soldier home on furlough
AmE a period of time when workers are told not to work, especially because there is not enough money to pay them
→layoff
workers forced to take a long, unpaid furlough
AmE a short period of time during which a prisoner is allowed to leave prison before returning
Morton stabbed the man while on furlough .
>furlough v [T] AmE
280,000 federal workers have been furloughed.
مرخصی سرباز، حکم مرخصی، مرخصی دادن به ، مرخص کردن .
n. izin, sıla izni
v. sıla izni vermek
n. congé, permission (armée)
v. donner une permission (armée, etc.)
e: United airlines to furlough up to 36000 staff
treason
n. betrayal; the offense of trying to overthrow one’s government or harm its leader
trea·son /ˈtriːzən/ n [U]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: traison, from Latin traditio ‘act of handing over or betraying’, from tradere; TRAITOR]
the crime of being disloyal to your country or its government, especially by helping its enemies or trying to remove the government using violence
treason against
Richter is accused of committing treason against the state.
The defendant was convicted of high treason (=treason of the worst kind) and sentenced to death.
>treasonable also treasonous
adj
a treasonable act against the head of state
خیانت، پیمان شکنی، بی وفائی، غدر.
n. vatan hainliği, hainlik
n. trahison
e: Russian space official Savronov charged in treason
act out
v. act a part; pretend to be; play a certain role
e: They used some toys to act out the following story
miseducation
education<>miseducation
بدآموزی ، آموزش غلط
e: most important residue of whatever years of education or miseducation we may have received from our parents’ conduct toward us in childhood
regress
<> progress
v. move backward, go back; go back to a former state, return to a previous condition
re·gress /rɪˈgres/ v [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of regredi ‘to go back’]
technical to go back to an earlier and worse condition, or to a less developed way of behaving
≠ progress
The patient had regressed to a state of childish dependency.
پس رفتن ، پس رفت کردن ، برگشت، پس روی، سیر قهقرائی کردن .
n. geri çekilme, gerileme, geri gitme, dönüş, ricat regress 2 [re·gress || rɪ’gres]
v. geri çekilmek, geri gitmek, gerilemek, dönmek
v. régresser, reculer, se retirer; revenir en arrière; rétrograder
e: Defining words with more words, in short, gets us at once into what mathematicians call an “infinite regress”
alternatively
linking word
e: Defining words with more words, in short, gets us at once into what mathematicians call an “infinite regress”. Alternatively, it can get us into the kind of run-around
به صورت دیگر یا جایگزین
alternatively adv
You can relax on the beach or alternatively try the bustling town centre.
impertinence
n. rudeness, insolence; rude or insolent act; irrelevance; inappropriateness
im·per·ti·nent /ɪmˈpəːtɪnənt US -əːr-/ adj
rude and not respectful, especially to someone who is older or more important
= cheeky
He was always asking impertinent questions.
You are an impertinent young woman.
>impertinently adv
>impertinence n [U]
impertinency) جسارت، فضولی، گستاخی، نامربوطی، بی ربطی، نابهنگامی، بیموقعی، اهانت.
n. terbiyesizlik, saygısızlık, küstahlık
n. impertinence; arrogance; effronterie, insolence; hors de propos
e: I consider his remark a gross impertinence
endow
v. grant, award, give a gift of money or property; furnish with some quality or ability
en·dow /ɪnˈdau/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: endouer, from Latin dotare ‘to give’]
to give a college, hospital etc a large sum of money that provides it with an income
endow with [endow sb/sth with sth] phr v
to make someone or something have a particular quality, or to believe that they have it
Her resistance to the Nationalists endowed her with legendary status.
be endowed with sth
to naturally have a good feature or quality
She was endowed with both good looks and brains.
to give someone something
→ well-endowed
با with) بخشیدن ( به )، اعطا کردن (به )، ( به صیغه اسممفعول) دارا، چیزی راوقف کردن ، وقف کردن ، موهبت بخشیدن به .
v. bağışlamak, gelir bağlamak, vermek, bahşetmek
v. contribuer, souscrire; accorder un don
e; When we react to a flag, we are not reacting simply to a piece of cloth, but to the meaning with which it has been symbolically endowed.
e: endowment and charity affairs office سازمان اوقاف
blush
n. flush, redness; rouge
v. turn red, flush; be ashamed, be embarrassed
blush1 /blʌʃ/ v [I]
[Language: Old English; Origin: blyscan ‘to become red’, from blysa ‘flame’]
to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed
Wilson saw she was watching him and blushed.
Joan blushed at the unexpected compliment.
Kate blushed scarlet.
to feel ashamed or embarrassed about something
blush to do sth
I blush to admit that I haven’t read it.
sth that would make sb blush
something so shocking that it would shock someone who is not normally easily shocked
language that would make a sailor blush
the blushing bride
a young woman on her wedding day - used humorously
>blushingly adv blush 2
blush2 n
[C]
the red colour on your face that appears when you are embarrassed
Donald felt a blush warm his cheeks.
She bent her head to hide her blushes.
at first blush
literary when first thought of or considered
At first blush, this sounds like good news.
→spare sb’s blushes at spare 2 (10)
سرخ شدن ، شرمنده شدن ، سرخی صورت در اثر خجلت.
n. yüz kızarması, utanma
v. kızarmak, yüzü kızarmak, utanmak, kırmızılaşmak
n. rouge, fard à joue; rougeur (honte, modestie); rougeur (peau); rougissement (le fait de rougir)
v. rougir; devenir rouge, être embarrassé, se sentir gêné; avoir honte
e: If I were to tell a shockingly obscene story in Arabic or Hindustani or Swahili before an audience that understood only English, no one would blush or be angry
mutate
v. change, alter, cause a mutation; undergo a change, be altered, undergo a mutation; change in vowel sound, be changed by umlaut (Phonetics)
mu·tate /mjuːˈteɪt US ˈmjuːteɪt/ v [I]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of mutare ‘to change’]
if an animal or plant mutates, it becomes different from others of the same kind, because of a change in its genetic structure
Simple organisms like bacteria mutate rapidly.
to change and develop a new form
Technology continues to mutate at an alarming rate.
تغییر دادن
.v. değişmek
v. muer; subir une mutation; métamorphoser; faire subir une mutation
e: Genetic mutations in Baskervilles site
moor
v. tie a boat, secure a boat; anchor a boat; secure with ropes
n. infertile or undeveloped land; swampy land; land reserved for hunting
Moor [mʊə(r)]
n. person of mixed Berber and Arab ancestry; Moorish person, Muslim from northwest Africa
moor1 /muə US mur/ n [C usually plural]
[Language: Old English; Origin: mor]
especially BrE a wild open area of high land, covered with rough grass or low bushes and heather, that is not farmed because the soil is not good enough
They went grouse shooting up on the moors.
the Yorkshire moors moor 2
moor2 v [I and T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from Middle Low German moren]
to fasten a ship or boat to the land or to the bottom of the sea using ropes or an anchor
Two or three fishing boats were moored alongside the pier.
زمین بایر، دشت، لنگر انداختن ، اهل شمال آفریقا، مسلمان .
v. demir atmak, demirlemek, palamarla bağlamak
Moor [mʊə(r)]
n. bozkır, kır
v. attacher; amarrer un bateau; jeter l’ancre d’un bateau; mouiller (l’ancre)
n. terrain tourbeux; lande, bruyère; terrain infertile; chasse réservée (Ecosse)
e: Sir Charles Baskerville was found dead in the park surrounding his manor, in the moors of Devon
slob
n. slovenly and obnoxious person (Informal)
slob1 /slɔb US slɑːb/ n [C] informal
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: Irish Gaelic; Origin: slab ‘mud’]
someone who is lazy and untidy
a lazy slob slob 2
slob2 v past tense and past participle slobbed present participle slobbing
slob around/out phr v
to spend time doing nothing and being lazy
گل، لجن ، آدم نامرتب وکثیف، آدم کثیف وژولیده .
n. çamur, kılıksız kimse, pasaklı tip, sersem, sevimsiz tip
n. rustaud, personne odieuse (Informel)
e: Madonna blasted by trump as one of ugliest and fattest slobs after she rejected him
torture
n. infliction of excruciating pain, torment, pain, anguish
v. inflict excruciating pain, torment, agonize
tor·ture1 /ˈtɔːtʃə US ˈtɔːrtʃər/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin tortura, from Latin tortus ‘twisted’, from torquere; TORQUE]
an act of deliberately hurting someone in order to force them to tell you something, to punish them, or to be cruel
He died after five days of excruciating torture.
severe physical or mental suffering
The waiting must be torture for you. torture 2
torture2 v [T]
to deliberately hurt someone in order to force them to give you information, to punish them, or to be cruel
Political opponents of the regime may be tortured.
if a feeling or knowledge tortures you, it makes you suffer a lot mentally
Rachel sat alone for hours at home, tortured by jealousy.
>torturer n [C]
شکنجه ، عذاب، زجر، عذاب دادن ، زجر دادن .
n. işkence, eziyet, ızdırap
v. işkence etmek, eziyet etmek, çektirmek, çarpıtmak
n. souffrance, douleur, torture
v. torturer
conspiracy
n. intrigue, plot, secret plan
con·spi·ra·cy /kənˈspɪrəsi/ n plural conspiracies [U and C]
a secret plan made by two or more people to do something that is harmful or illegal
→conspire conspiracy to do sth
He was charged with conspiracy to commit criminal damage.
conspiracy against
a conspiracy against the government
There were many conspiracy theories (=beliefs that something is the result of a conspiracy) surrounding Princess Diana’s death.
conspiracy of silence
an agreement not to talk about something, even though it should not be a secret
There’s often a conspiracy of silence surrounding bullying in schools.
توطئه ، دسیسه ، نقشه خیانت آمیز.
n. anlaşma, gizli anlaşma, suikâst, komplo
n. conspiration, conjuration, complot
contemplate
v. consider, think about; look at
con·tem·plate /ˈkɔntəmpleɪt US ˈkɑːn-/ v
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of contemplari, from com- ( COM-) + templum ( TEMPLE)]
[T]
to think about something that you might do in the future
= consider
He had even contemplated suicide.
contemplate doing sth
Did you ever contemplate resigning?
[T]
to accept the possibility that something is true
too dreadful/horrifying etc to contemplate
The thought that she might be dead was too terrible to contemplate.
[I and T]
to think about something seriously for a period of time
= consider
Jack went on vacation to contemplate his future.
contemplate what/whether/how etc
She sat down and contemplated what she had done.
contemplate your navel
(=think so much about your own life that you do not notice other important things - used humorously)
[T]
to look at someone or something for a period of time in a way that shows you are thinking
He contemplated her with a faint smile.
تفکر کردن ، درنظر داشتن ، اندیشیدن .
v. tasarlamak; niyet etmek; düşünmek; seyretmek, süzmek, dalmak
v. contempler; réfléchir, prévoir, envisager
e: of course education is necessary, but the extent and depth are the aspects which should be contemplated on
keep an eye on sth/someone
تحت نظر داشتن
delirium
n. temporary mental disorder often caused by fevers or intoxication (characterized by hallucinations, delusions, excitement, etc.); overly excited state
de·lir·i·um /dɪˈlɪriəm/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: delirare ‘to leave a straight line, be mad’, from lira ‘line cut in the ground’]
[U]
a state in which someone is delirious, especially because they are very ill
Before she died she had fits of delirium.
[singular,U]
extreme excitement
سرسام، هذیان ، پرتگویی، دیوانگی.
n. sayıklama; hezeyan, çılgınlık
n. folie, manie; démence; rêveur
contempt
n. scorn, disdain; disrespect (Law)
con·tempt /kənˈtempt/ n [U]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: contemptus, from contemnere ‘to think of with contempt’, from com- ( COM-) + temnere ‘to despise’]
a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect
contempt for
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
utter/deep contempt
The report shows utter contempt for women’s judgement.
open/undisguised contempt
She looked at him with undisguised contempt.
The public is treated with contempt by broadcasters.
How could she have loved a man who so clearly held her in contempt ?
beneath contempt
That sort of behaviour is simply beneath contempt (=does not deserve respect or attention) .
law disobedience or disrespect towards a court of law
He was jailed for 7 days for contempt of court .
in contempt of sth
He was found in contempt of the order.
complete lack of fear about something
contempt for
his contempt for danger
تحقیر، اهانت، خفت، خواری.
n. aşağılama, küçümseme, hor görme, ayıp, hakaret, yüz karası, nefret, iğrenme; mahkemeye itaatsizlik
n. mépris, dédain; outrage (au tribunal)
e: keep ur answers brief and to the point otherwise it will be treated as contempt
riddle
n. puzzle, question or statement presenting a problem to be solved; enigma, mystery; sieve, screen used for sifting
v. solve, interpret; swell up, inflate; perforate, pierce; detonate, explode
rid·dle1 /ˈrɪdl/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: rAdelse ‘opinion, guess, riddle’]
a question that is deliberately very confusing and has a humorous or clever answer
→puzzle
See if you can solve this riddle .
something that you do not understand and cannot explain
= puzzle, mystery mystery riddle of
The police have been unable to solve the riddle of her disappearance.
talk/speak in riddles
to say things in a mysterious way that other people cannot understand
Stop talking in riddles and explain what’s going on!
a wire container with holes in it that is used to separate earth from stones riddle 2
riddle2 v [T]
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: riddle ‘sieve’ (11-21 centuries), from Old English hriddel]
to make a lot of small holes in something
Two gunmen riddled the bus with gunfire.
to shake the coal or wood in a fire, in order to remove ashes
سوراخ سوراخ کردن ، غربال کردن ، سرند، معما، چیستان ، لغز، رمز، جدول معما، گیج و سردر گم کردن ، تفسیریا بیان کردن .
n. bilmece, bulmaca, sır, muamma, kalbur
v. bulmaca çözmek, bilmecenin cevabını söylemek, sırrını çözmek, bilmece gibi konuşmak, üstü kapalı konuşmak, kalburdan geçirmek, elemek, kalbura çevirmek, delik deşik etmek, doğruluğunu sınamak, eleştirmek
n. énigme; devinette
v. trouver la solution à une énigme; cribler, trier; éclater
e: u never liked riddles
ample
adj. much, plenty; large; spacious
am·ple /ˈæmpəl/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Latin amplus]
more than enough
= sufficient
≠ insufficient
ample time/evidence/opportunity
You’ll have ample time for questions later.
There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.
ample room/space etc
She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe.
literary large in a way that is attractive or pleasant
an ample bosom
>amply adv
Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention.
فراخ، پهناور، وسیع، فراوان ، مفصل، پر، بیش از اندازه .
adj. yeterli, bol; geniş, büyük, iri, heybetli, çok, kâfi
adj. large, ample; corpulent; multiple, nombreux; évident; suffisant
e: not 2 min but 5 min was ample
token
n. symbol, sign, mark; remembrance, memento, keepsake; coin that has no true value except in particular instances (i.e. token for one subway ride)
adj. nominal, symbolic, perfunctory
to·ken1 /ˈtəukən US ˈtou-/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: tacen, tacn ‘sign, token’]
a round piece of metal that you use instead of money in some machines
formal something that represents a feeling, fact, event etc
a token of your gratitude/respect/appreciation etc
Please accept this gift as a small token of our appreciation.
→by the same token at same 1 (7)
book/record/gift token
BrE a special piece of paper that you can exchange for a book, record etc in a shop
American Equivalent: gift certificate
a £10 book token token 2
token2 adj [only before noun]
a token action, change etc is small and not very important, and is usually only done so that someone can pretend that they are dealing with a problem
The government thinks it can get away with token gestures on environmental issues.
token woman/black etc
someone who is included in a group to make everyone think that the group has all types of people in it, when this is not really true
done as a first sign that an agreement, promise etc will be kept and that more will be done later
A small token payment will keep the bank happy.
نشانه .نشانه ، نشان ، علامت، نشانی، یادگاری، رمز، معجزه ، علامت رمزی، کلمه رمزی، علامت مشخصه ، یادگار، یادبود، اجازه ورود، بلیط ورود.
n. jeton, oyun fişi, marka, madeni para, hediye çeki, simge, işaret, belirti, hatıra, yadigâr
adj. nominal, itibari, sahte, yanıltıcı
n. marque, signe, symbole; témoignage; souvenir; jeton
adj. symbolique; d’avertissement
e: here is a small token of gratitude, diamond cufflinks
ammunition
n. projectiles shot from a weapon (bullets, grenades, bomb shells, etc.); something used to attack
am·mu·ni·tion /ˌæmjʊˈnɪʃən/ n [U]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Early French amunition, from munition; MUNITIONS]
bullets, shells shell 1(2) etc that are fired from guns
information that you can use to criticize someone or win an argument against them
give sb ammunition/provide sb with ammunition
His mistakes provided political opponents with even more ammunition.
مهمات.
(i). mühimmat, cephane.
n. munitions
e: and unfortunately u gave him a perfect ammunition
interrogate
v. question formally and systematically, cross-examine, collect evidence through questioning; ask questions
in·ter·ro·gate /ɪnˈterəgeɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of interrogare, from rogare ‘to ask’]
to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats
The police interrogated the suspect for several hours.
>interrogator n [C]
He refused to tell his interrogators anything.
>interrogation /ɪnˌterəˈgeɪʃən/ n [U and C]
بازپرسی کردن .استنطاق کردن ، تحقیق کردن ، باز جوئی کردن .
v. ifadesini almak, sorguya çekmek, soru sormak, sorgulamak
v. interroger; questionner; faire subir un interrogatoire à
e: and u were interrogating him for a week
abduct
v. kidnap, carry off by force (especially of a person); pull away from the main axis of the body (Anatomy)
ab·duct /əbˈdʌkt, æb-/ v [T]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of abducere, from ab- ‘away’ + ducere ‘to lead’]
to take someone away by force
= kidnap
She was abducted late last night.
>abductor n [C]
>abduction /əbˈdʌkʃən, æb-/ n [U and C]
child abduction
>abductee /ˌæbdʌkˈtiː/ n [C]
ربودن ، دزدیدن (شخص)، دور کردن ، آدم دزدیدن ، از مرکز بدن دور کردن (طب).
v. birini zorla kaçırmak; Çekme, Uzaklaştırma (Anatomi)
v. kidnapper, enlever (quelqu’un)
e: and u abducted him
erratic
adj. unsettled, irregular, having no fixed course, tending to wander
n. large stone or boulder carried by a glacier and left in a new location (Glaciology)
er·rat·ic /ɪˈrætɪk/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: erratique, from Latin errare; ERR]
something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular
His breathing was becoming erratic.
She found it hard to cope with his erratic behaviour.
>erratically /-kli/ adv
He always drives erratically.
نامنظم، سرگردان ، غیرمعقول، متلون ، غیرقابل پیش بینی، دمدمی مزاج.
adj. gezen, düzensiz, değişken, kararsız, tuhaf
adj. erratique, irrégulier
n. (biologie) pierre irrégulière, roche qui s’est détachée de son environnement naturel et qui a été amené dans un autre endroit (par un glacier quelquefois)
e: Washington’s China strategy is erratic and being coupled with the internal partisan and social divide
blab
v. reveal a secret, talk without discretion; chatter, babble
blab /blæb/ v past tense and past participle blabbed present participle blabbing [I] informal
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: blab ‘person who talks too much, too much talk’ (14-20 centuries), probably from the sound]
to tell someone something that should be kept secret
blab to
This is not something you go blabbing to your friends about.
فضولی کردن ، وراجی کردن ، گستاخی کردن ، فاش وابراز کردن ، فضول.
n. boşboğaz, geveze, çenesi düşük blab 2 [blæb]
v. ağzından kaçırmak, boşboğazlık etmek, gevezelik etmek
v. vendre la mèche; révéler un secret, parle sans discrétion; papoter, bavarder
e: and then u blabbed about his entire life
probation
probation [pro·ba·tion || prə’beɪʃn]
n. test period, trial period; attempt, trial; conditional release from jail during which a criminal is under supervision of a probation officer
pro·ba·tion /prəˈbeɪʃən US prou-/ n [U]
a system that allows some criminals not to go to prison or to leave prison, if they behave well and see a probation officer regularly, for a particular period of time
The judge sentenced Jennings to three years’ probation.
(put/place sb) on probation
He pleaded guilty and was placed on probation.
a period of time, during which an employer can see if a new worker is suitable
a three month probation period
on probation
Some people are appointed on probation.
AmE a period of time in which you must improve your work or behave well so that you will not have to leave your job
I’m afraid I have no choice but to put you on probation .
>probationary adj
a probationary period
(probational) آزمایش، امتحان ، آزمایش حسن رفتار وآزمایش صلاحیت، دوره آزمایش وکار آموزی، ارائه مدرک ودلیل، آزادی بقید التزام.
n. deneme süresi, staj, deneme, göz hapsinde tutma
n. mise à l’épreuve, mettre quelqu’un en sursis avec mis à l’épreuve; liberté surveillée
e: She had been placed on probation in mid April via a zoom juvenile court
shed
n. small simple building used for storage or shelter
v. pour, cause a liquid to flow; let fall; strip, remove; scatter, spread; radiate, emit; repel; discard
shed1 S3 /ʃed/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from shade]
a small building, often made of wood, used especially for storing things
a tool shed
a cattle shed
a garden shed
a large industrial building where work is done, large vehicles are kept, machinery is stored shed 2
shed2 past tense and past participle shed present participle shedding
v [T]
——————————————————————————–
1【get rid of】
2 shed light
3【plants/animals】
4【drop/fall】
5 shed blood
6 shed tears
7【water】
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: sceadan ‘to divide, separate’]
【GET RID OF】
to get rid of something that you no longer need or want
The company is planning to shed about a quarter of its workforce.
The magazine is desperately trying to shed its old-fashioned image.
a diet to help you shed pounds
shed light
a) to make something easier to understand, by providing new or better information
shed light on
Recent research has shed light on the causes of the disease.
Investigators hope to shed light on what started the fire.
b) if something sheds light, it lights the area around it
The lamp shed a harsh yellow light.
【PLANTS/ANIMALS】
if a plant sheds its leaves or if an animal sheds skin or hair, they fall off as part of a natural process
The trees were starting to shed their leaves .
As it grows, a snake will regularly shed its skin .
【DROP/FALL】
to drop something or allow it to fall
He strode across the bathroom, shedding wet clothes as he went.
shed a load BrE
A lorry shed its load of steel bars on the M25.
shed blood
to kill or injure people, especially during a war or a fight
Too much blood has already been shed in this conflict.
→ bloodshed
shed tears
especially literary to cry
She had not shed a single tear during the funeral.
【WATER】
if something sheds water, the water flows off its surface, instead of sinking into it
ریختن ، انداختن افشاندن ، افکندن ، خون جاری ساختن ، جاری ساختن ، پوست انداختن ، پوست ریختن ، برگ ریزان کردن ، کپر، آلونک .
n. baraka, kulübe, sundurma, ahır, hangar, odunluk
v. dökmek, akıtmak, yaymak, ışık tutmak, sızdırmamak, değiştirmek (deri), çıkarıp atmak, sıyrılmak
n. remise, resserre, hangar
v. dépouiller; se dépouiller; jeter, répandre, diffuser; verser, déverser; muer; écorcher; rayonner
e: Important finds that shed new light on Viking history
perpetuate
v. eternalize, make perpetual, make everlasting; preserve from extinction
per·pet·u·ate /pəˈpetʃueɪt US pər-/ v [T]
to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time
an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society
>perpetuation /pəˌpetʃuˈeɪʃən US pər-/ n [U]
همیشگی کردن ، دائمی کردن ، جاودانی ساختن .
v. sürdürmek, aralıksız yapmak, ebedileştirmek
v. perpétuer, immortaliser, éterniser
oracle
n. source of wise counsel; wise counsel; conveyor of divine messages; spiritual medium or channel; prophet, predictor; temple of a god (Mythology); divine message; prophecy or prediction; sacred inner court of the temple (Judaism)
Oracle [or·a·cle || ‘ɑrəkl ,’ɔ- /’ɒ-]
n. (in Computers) Orcale Corporation, second-largest software company in the world, manufacturer of database software
or·a·cle /ˈɔrəkəl US ˈɔː-, ˈɑː-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: Latin oraculum, from orare; ORATION]
someone who the ancient Greeks believed could communicate with the gods, who gave advice to people or told them what would happen
a message given by an oracle
a person or book that gives advice and information - used humorously
سروش، الهام الهی، وحی، پیشگوئی، دانشمند.
v. kehanette bulunmak oracle 2 [or·a·cle || ‘ɑrəkl ,’ɔ- /’ɒ-]
n. kehanet, kâhin, iş bilen kimse, keramet, uzman, vahiy, ilham, torpil, ayrıcalık
n. oracle, prophètie; décision autoritaire (littérature); divination (mythologie); personne qui parle avec autorité
Oracle [or·a·cle || ‘ɑrəkl ,’ɔ- /’ɒ-]
n. Oracle (Informatique) société de programmation d’importance mondiale, créatrice de programmes )
divine
di·vine1 /dɪˈvaɪn/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: divin, from Latin divus ‘god’]
coming from or relating to God or a god
divine intervention/providence/revelation/guidance etc
faith in divine providence
divine power
divine love
old-fashioned very pleasant or good divine 2
divine2 v
[T] literary
to discover or guess something
divine that
Somehow, the children had divined that he was lying.
[I]
to search for underground water or minerals using a Y-shaped stick
a divining rod (=the stick used for this)
>diviner n [C]
خدائی، یزدانی، الهی، کشیش، استنباط کردن ، غیب گوئی کردن .
n. ilahiyatçı, rahip, ilahiyat, tanrıbilim
v. tahmin etmek, içine doğmak; gaipten haber vermek; kehanette bulunmak; sezmek,
adj. tanrısal, ilahi, tanrı’ya adanmış, harika, çok güzel, kutsal
n. ecclésiastique
v. deviner, prédire
adj. divin
sod
n. section of grass that has been cut or uprooted from the earth; turf, uppermost layer of soil containing grass roots and plants; homosexual (British Slang); guy, fellow, chap (British Slang); obnoxious child, brat (British Slang)
v. cover with turf or sod, cover with a layer of grass and soil
sod1 /sɔd US sɑːd/ n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: Middle Low German sode]
[C] BrE informal not polite a very offensive word for someone, especially a man, who you think is stupid or annoying
Get up, you lazy sod!
be a sod
BrE informal not polite to be very difficult to do or deal with
That door’s a sod to open.
[C usually singular] BrE informal not polite used to refer to a person
The poor sod ‘s wife left him.
You lucky sod!
not give/care a sod
BrE spoken not polite to not care at all about something
I don’t give a sod who it is!
[U and C]
a piece of earth or the layer of earth with grass and roots growing in it sod 2
sod2 v [T only in imperative or infinitive] BrE spoken not polite
sod it/that
used to rudely express anger or annoyance at something or someone
Sod it, I’ve missed the train.
used to say rudely that something is not important
Sod the job, I’m going home.
sod off
an offensive way of telling someone to go away
چمن ، مرغزار، کلوخ چمنی، با چمن ، پوشاندن ، چمن ایجاد کردن ، خیس شدن .
n. çimen, çim, ibne [arg.], homoseksüel, homoseksüellik
v. çimle kaplamak
n. motte, gazon; con; salaud
v. recouvrir la terre de gazon ; “dégage” (argot)
e: sod it= damn it=fuck
urn
urn /əːn US əːrn/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: urna]
a decorated container, especially one that is used for holding the ashes of a dead body
a metal container that holds a large amount of tea or coffee
کوزه ، گلدان ، گلدان یا ظرف محتوی خاکستر مرده
n. ölü küllerinin saklandığı kap, semaver, ayaklı vazo
n. cruche, jarre; vase décoratif; urne, grand vase de forme oblongue, au corps renflé et à col étroit; urne, vase dans lequel on renferme les cendres d’un mort; carafe
prerequiste
n. prior condition, previous stipulation
pre·req·ui·site /priːˈrekwɪzɪt/ n [C]
formal something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done
prerequisite for/of/to
A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.
پیش نیاز، پیش بایست، لازمه ، شرط لازم، شرط قبلی، لازمه امری.
adj. önceden gereken, önceden gerekli olan prerequisite 2 [pre·req·ui·site || ‚prɪː’rekwɪzɪt]
n. önceden gerekli şey
n. prérequis, condition préalable
e: mentalillness is not a prerequisite for creativity
dismantle
v. disassemble, take apart; strip of furniture or equipment
dis·man·tle /dɪsˈmæntl/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French; Origin: desmanteler, from mantel ‘cloak’]
to take a machine or piece of equipment apart so that it is in separate pieces
Chris dismantled the bike in five minutes.
to gradually get rid of a system or organization
an election promise to dismantle the existing tax legislation
بی مصرف کردن ، پیاده کردن (ماشین آلات )عاری از سلاح یا اثاثه کردن .
v. sökmek, parçalamak, yürürlükten kaldırmak, çıkarmak, dağıtmak, boşaltmak
v. démonter, démanteler
e: Tutank Hamun yielded six complete but dismantled chariots of unparalleled richness and sophistication
elm
n. type of tree cultivated for shade and ornament
elm /elm/ n [U and C]
[Language: Old English;]
a type of large tree with broad leaves, or the wood from this tree
گ . ش. ) نارون قرمز.
n. karaağaç
n. orme, grand arbre dont on apprécie l’ombre
felloe
n. rim of a wheel into which spokes are inserted, felly
n. jant, ispit
halberd
n. old fashioned weapon with both a spear and a battle-ax, halbert
hal·berd /ˈhælbəd US -ərd/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: hallebarde, from Middle High German, from helm ‘handle’ + barte ‘ax’]
a type of sword that was used as a weapon in the past
(halbert) تبرزین ، نیزه .
n. baltalı kargı, teber
n. hallebarde
wield
v. exert, exercise (influence, power, etc.); handle with skill (e.g. a weapon); brandish, hold
wield /wiːld/ v [T]
[Language: Old English; Origin: wieldan]
wield power/influence/authority etc
to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it
The Church wields immense power in Ireland.
to hold a weapon or tool that you are going to use
She had her car windows smashed by a gang wielding baseball bats.
گردانیدن ، اداره کردن ، خوب بکار بردن .
v. kullanmak
v. exercer (influence, pouvoir); utiliser; manier avec aisance
e: which meant that a chariot warrior wielding it sideways could strike down the charioteer
opulent
adj. wealthy, rich, affluent; abundant, ample, bountiful, lavish
op·u·lent /ˈɔpjʊlənt US ˈɑːp-/ adj formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: opulentus, from ops ‘power, help’]
very beautiful, with a lot of decoration, and made from expensive materials
= luxurious
evening dresses in opulent fabrics
very rich and spending a lot of money
Europe’s opulent elite
>opulence n [U]
the size and opulence of the rooms
وافر.
adj. zengin, bol, bereketli
adj. opulent, riche, fortuné; ébondant, géneureux, bienfaisant
cavern
n. large cave
cav·ern /ˈkævən US -ərn/ n [C]
غار، حفره زیرزمینی، مغاک ، چال، گودال، حفره .
(i). büyük mağara.
n. caverne, cavité naturelle creusée dans la roche, grotte
vindicate
v. justify; acquit, exonerate, absolve
vin·di·cate /ˈvɪndɪkeɪt/ v [T] formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of vindicare ‘to claim, avenge’, from vindex ‘person who claims, avenger’]
to prove that someone who was blamed for something is in fact not guilty
The charges are false, and we are sure we will be vindicated in court.
to prove that someone or something is right or true
= justify
The decision to advertise has been vindicated by the fact that sales have grown.
>vindication /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ n [singular, U]
حمایت کردن از، پشتیبانی کردن از، دفاع کردن از، محقق کردن ، اثبات بیگناهیکردن ، توجیه کردن .
v. défendre, soutenir quelqu’un, justifier; prouver; revendiquer, faire valoir son bon droit
e: Sherlock was vindicated
exonerate
v. acquit, absolve, clear of blame, declare innocent; relieve of an obligation, free from a duty
ex·on·e·rate /ɪgˈzɔnəreɪt US ɪgˈzɑː-/ v [T]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of exonerare, from onus ‘load’]
to state officially that someone who has been blamed for something is not guilty
exonerate sb from/of sth
He was totally exonerated of any blame.
>exoneration /ɪgˌzɔnəˈreɪʃən US -ˌzɑː-/ n [U]
تبرئه کردن ، روسفید کردن ، مبرا کردن .
v. suçsuz çıkarmak, temize çıkarmak, aklamak, muaf tutmak
v. acquitter, libérer
acquit
v. declare innocent; pay a debt; set free, release (from a debt or duty)
ac·quit /əˈkwɪt/ v past tense and past participle acquitted present participle acquitting
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: acquiter, from quite ‘free of’]
[T usually passive]
to give a decision in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crime
All the defendants were acquitted.
acquit sb of sth
The judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips of the murder.
acquit yourself well/honourably
to do something well, especially something difficult that you do for the first time in front of other people
حق. ) تبرئه کردن ، روسفید کردن ، برطرف کردن ، اداکردن ، از عهده برآمدن ، انجام وظیفه کردن ، پرداختن و تصفیه کردن (وام و ادعا)، (حق. )ادای (دین ) نمودن ، برائت (ذمه ) کردن .
v. suçsuz çıkarmak, beraat ettirmek,temize çıkarmak, aklamak; muaf tutmak, ayrıcalık tanımak; ödemek
v. acquitter; s’acquitter, régler; décharger; libérer; absoudre
bastard
n. illegitimate child, child born to unmarried parents
adj. illegitimate, born of unwed parents
bas·tard
S3 /ˈbɑːstəd, ˈbæ- US ˈbæstərd/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: Medieval Latin bastardus, probably from bastum ‘saddle for carrying bags’; probably from the idea of a child produced as a result of sex with a traveler]
taboo a very offensive word for someone, especially a man, who you think is unpleasant. Do not use this word.
You lying bastard!
spoken informal not polite a man who you think is very lucky or very unlucky - often used humorously
He’s gone straight to the top, the lucky bastard.
The poor bastard fell off his horse.
BrE spoken informal something that causes difficulties or problems
Life’s a bastard sometimes.
old-fashioned someone who was born to parents who were not married
حرامزاده ، جازده .
n. piç (Argo), evlilik dışı çocuk; sahte, taklit; adi herif
adj. piç (Argo), evlilik dışı; soysuz; melez; sahte, anormal
n. bâtard, adultérin, enfant naturel, enfant illégitime, enfant né hors mariage
adj. bâtard, illégitime, naturel, né de parents non mariés
plausible
adj. conceivable, imaginable; believable, credible; superficially pleasing, making a good impression (about a person)
plau·si·ble /ˈplɔːzɪbəl US ˈplɔː-/ adj
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: plausibilis ‘worth applauding’, from plaudere; PLAUDITS]
reasonable and likely to be true or successful
≠ implausible
His story certainly sounds plausible.
a plausible explanation
someone who is plausible is good at talking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in fact be lying
a plausible liar
>plausibly adv
>plausibility /ˌplɔːzɪˈbɪlɪti US ˌplɔː-/ n [U]
باورکردنی، پذیرفتنی، قابل استماع، محتمل.
adj. akla yakın, makul, mantıklı, yüze gülücü, olası
adj. plausible, vraisemblable; qui fait une bonne impression
plumage
n. feathers plum·age /ˈpluːmɪdʒ/ n [U] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: plume; PLUME] the feathers covering a bird's body the parrot's brilliant blue plumage پرهای زینتی، پر وبال، پرشاهین . n. tüyler (kuş), kuşun tüyleri n. plumage
cryptic
adj. secret; hidden, obscure; puzzling; hiding, concealing
cryp·tic /ˈkrɪptɪk/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: crypticus, from Greek, from kryptos; CRYPTO-]
having a meaning that is mysterious or not easily understood
cryptic remark/comment/statement etc
a cryptic note at the end of the letter
>cryptically /-kli/ adv
پنهان ، مرموز، رمزی.
adj. esrarlı, gizli, şifreli
adj. caché, cryptique
reed
n. any of several varieties of tall marsh grass; thin piece of wood or plastic placed on the mouthpiece of reed instruments (the air flow causes it to vibrate and create sound)
reed /riːd/ n
[Language: Old English; Origin: hreod]
[U and C]
a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places
Reeds grew in clumps all along the river bank.
[C]
a thin piece of wood that is attached to a musical instrument such as an oboe or clarinet, and that produces a sound when you blow over it
گ . ش. ) نی، نی شنی، قصب، ساخته شده ازنی، (مو. ) آلت موسیقی بادی.
n. kamış, saz, düdük, kaval, sipsi, jüdorg, dokuma tarağı
fledge
v. grow flight feathers; raise a baby bird; cover with feathers
(f) . tüyleri çıkıncaya kadar beslemek; tüylendirmek; uçmak için tüy çıkarmak, tüylenmek.
v. dont les plumes poussent; élever un oisillon; couvrir de duvet
sluice
n. manmade water channel equipped with a valve or gate for regulating water flow; valve or gate used to regulate water flow; water flow controlled by a sluice; trough, water channel used to transport objects (i.e. logs)
v. open a sluice and and let out water; drain; release a flow of water, flood; wash in a sluice; send through a sluice; flow through, flow out
sluice1 /sluːs/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: escluse, from Late Latin exclusa, from Latin excludere; EXCLUDE]
a passage for water to flow through, with a special gate which can be opened or closed to control it sluice 2
sluice2 v
[T]
to wash something with a lot of water
sluice sth out/down
He was sluicing down the table and the floor.
[I always + adverb/preposition]
if water sluices somewhere, a large amount of it suddenly flows there
آبگیر، بند سیل گیر، سد، دریچه تخلیه ، انبار، بندگذاشتن ، از بندیا دریچه جاریشدن ، خیس کردن ، ( مع. ) سنگ شوئی کردن .
n. bent kapağı, savak, su akışını düzenleyen araç, yıkama suyu kanalı (altın vb.)
v. yıkamak, bol suyla yıkamak, çok su dökmek, akmak, bentlere kapak takmak
n. écluse; vanne; courant d’eau; lavage; canal de décharge
v. vanner, laver à grande eau; débourber; faire couler de l’eau; inonder; rincer; ouvrir une écluse; jaillir (eau)
meander
v. walk about aimlessly; carry on in a leisurely way; wander, roam; ramble
me·an·der /miˈændə US -ər/ v [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: maeander, from Greek, from Maiandros (now Menderes), river in Turkey]
if a river, stream, road etc meanders, it has a lot of bends rather than going in a straight line
meander along/across/down etc
The river meandered gently along the valley floor.
[always + adverb/preposition]
to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way rather than take the most direct way possible
meander along/through etc
Cows still meander through these villages.
also meander on
if a conversation or piece of writing meanders on, it is too long and has no purpose or structure
>meanderings n [plural]
his aimless meanderings through Europe
>meander n [C]
پیچ، خم، دور، گردش، راه پر پیچ وخم، پیچ وخم داشتن ، مسیر پیچیده ای را طیکردن ، چماب.
v. kıvrılmak, kıvırmak, boş boş dolaşmak, dolambaçlı yoldan gitmek meander 2
n. labirent, dolambaçlı yol, kıvrım, menderes
v. serpenter; vagabonder; aller ici et là
estuary
n. place where the river current meets the sea tide (as in the mouth of a river)
es·tu·a·ry /ˈestʃuəri, -tʃəri US -tʃueri/ n plural estuaries [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: aestuarium, from aestus ‘boiling, tide’]
the wide part of a river where it goes into the sea
the Thames estuary
دهانه رودخانه بزرگی که شتکیل خلیج کوچکی دهد، مدخل.
(i.) nehrin ağzındaki koy, nehrin denizle birleştiği geniş ve açık yer, haliç.
n. estuaire
smear
n. smudge, spot, stain; slander, libel, slur; material smeared on a slide for microscopic examination (Medicine)
v. spread something across or over a surface; slander, defame; stain, soil, dirty; smudge, blur; defeat (Slang)
smear1 /smɪə US smɪr/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: smeoru ‘fatty material’]
a dirty mark made by a small amount of something spread across a surface
smear of
a smear of paint
It left a black smear on his arm.
BrE a smear test
an untrue story about a politician or other important person that is told in order to make people lose respect for them - used especially in newspapers
>smeary adj
a smeary glass smear 2
smear2 v
——————————————————————————–
1【spread】
2【tell lies】
3【dirty】
4【ink/paint】
——————————————————————————–
【SPREAD】 [T always + adverb/preposition]
to spread a liquid or soft substance over a surface, especially in a careless or untidy way
smear sth with sth
His face was smeared with mud.
smear sth on/over etc sth
Elaine smeared sun tan lotion on her shoulders.
【TELL LIES】 [T]
to tell an untrue story about someone important in order to make people lose respect for them - used especially in newspapers
an attempt to smear the party leadership
【DIRTY】 [T]
to put dirty or oily marks on something
smeared windows
【INK/PAINT】 [I and T]
if writing, a picture, or paint smears or is smeared, the ink or paint is accidentally touched and spread across the surface
= smudge
Several words were smeared.
لکه ، آغشتن ، آلودن ، لکه دار کردن .
n. leke, kir, pislik, iftira, sürme, simir, lâm üzerine sürülen madde
v. bulaştırmak, lekelemek, kirletmek, pislemek, yağ bulaştırmak, sürmek, bulaşmak, pislenmek, iftira atmak, kaybolmak
n. tache, salissure; trace; frottis; calomnie
v. enduire, salir, souiller; insulter; barbouiller
e: How far will the media go to smear President Trump
ravage
n. destruction, ruin, devastation
v. rob, plunder, pillage; destroy, ruin, demolish
rav·age /ˈrævɪdʒ/ v [T usually passive]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: ravager, from ravage ‘destruction’, from ravir; RAVISH]
to damage something very badly
a country ravaged by civil war
His health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs.
غارت، یغما، تاخت و تاز، ویرانی، ستمگری، ویران کردن ، غارت کردن ، تاخت و تاز کردن ، بلا زده کردن .
n. tahrip, yıkım, zarar, yıkıcı etki, tahrip etkisi
v. yıkmak, harap etmek, kırıp geçirmek
n. dévastation
v. ravager; détruire
e: pandemic continues to ravage the tourism industry around the world
tummy
n. stomach (Colloquial) tum·my /ˈtʌmi/ n plural tummies [C] [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: stomach] stomach - used especially by or to children He was up all night with tummy ache . tummy bug/upset BrE (=an illness of the stomach that makes you vomit) شکم، معده . n. karın, mide n. ventre, abdomen (Familier)
paramount
adj. superior, supreme; above all, of the highest rank; most important
par·a·mount /ˈpærəmaunt/ adj formal
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: paramont, from Old French par ‘by’ + amont ‘above’]
more important than anything else
During a war the interests of the state are paramount, and those of the individual come last.
Women’s role as mothers is of paramount importance to society.
>paramountcy n [U]
Paramount
Paramount
trademark
a large US film and television company based in Hollywood, which has made many famous films
فائق، حاکمعالیمقام، برتر، بزرگتر، برترین .
adj. ulu, yüce, en yüksek, olağanüstü
adj. primordial, suprême; au-dessus de tout; capitale, le plus important
e: speed was paramount during our operation
person-hour
e: it required between 500 and 1,000 person-hours
نفر ساعت
computer literacy
سواد کامیپوتر داشتن
Aware of this fact
با دانستن این موضوع
linking word
proponent
n. supporter, advocate, one who favors a particular idea (or proposal, doctrine, etc.); one who makes a proposal
pro·po·nent /prəˈpəunənt US -ˈpou-/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of proponere; PROPOUND]
someone who supports something or persuades people to do something
= advocate
→opponent proponent of
Steinem has always been a strong proponent of women’s rights.
leading/main/major proponent
Dr George is one of the leading proponents of this view.
استدلال کننده ، توضیح دهنده ، طرفدار.
n. öneren kimse, teklif eden kimse, taraftar olan kimse, yanlısı
n. supporter, partisan; adhérent; proposant
e: According to its proponents, the strategy creates a more integrated approach …
