Ielts-4 Flashcards
scald
n. burn caused by boiling liquid or steam
v. burn with hot liquid or steam; treat with or cover with boiling liquid or steam; heat to a temperature just below the boiling point
scald1 /skɔːld US skɔːld/ v [T]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old North French; Origin: escalder, from Late Latin excaldare ‘to wash in warm water’, from Latin calidus ‘warm’]
to burn your skin with hot liquid or steam
Don’t scald yourself with that kettle! scald 2
scald2 n [C]
a burn on your skin caused by hot liquid or steam
باآب گرم سوزاندن ، آب جوش ریختن روی، تاول زده کردن ، تاول، اثر آب جوش بر رویپوست، سوختگی، آب پز کردن .
n. yanık, haşlanarak yanan yara, İskandinav halk ozanı, ozan
v. haşlamak, kaynatmak, kaynar su dökmek, sıcak su ile yakmak
n. échaudure; brûlure causée par un liquide bouillant
v. ébouillanter, échauder, chauffer
wee
wee1 /wiː/ adj [usually before noun]
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: wee ‘small amount, short time’ (13-20 centuries), from Old English wAge ‘weight’]
informal very small - used especially in Scottish English
My wee boy is three.
a wee bit informal
to a small degree
She looked a wee bit confused.
the wee (small) hours
AmE the early hours of the morning, just after 12 o’clock at night
British Equivalent: the small hours
The party continued into the wee small hours. wee 2
wee2 v [I]
[Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Probably from the sound of urinating]
BrE spoken to pass water from your body - used by or to children
= urinate
>wee n [singular]
Do you want a wee?
(اسکاتلند) کوچولو، ریز، یکی کمی، اندکی، لحظه ای.
v. çiş yapmak wee 2 [wɪː]
n. çiş
adj. minicik, minnacık, ufacık, mini mini
n. faible quantité, petite quantité; courte période de temps (Ecossais)
adj. minuscule, très petit; réduit
bagel
ba·gel /ˈbeɪgəl/ n [C]
[Date: 1900-2000; Language: Yiddish; Origin: beygel, from Old High German boug ‘ring’]
a small ring-shaped type of bread
نان شیرینی حلقوی
n. simit
n. baguel, bagel, petit pain en forme d’anneau; brioche, croissant
fellow
n. guy, chap; man or boy; friend, buddy; suitor; spouse; colleague; member of an academic organization
adj. having membership in, belonging to (a group, academic organization, etc.); of the same type
fel·low1 /ˈfeləu US -lou/ n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: feolaga ‘partner’]
old-fashioned a man
Paul’s an easy-going sort of fellow.
sb’s fellows
BrE old-fashioned people that you work with, study with, or who are in the same situation as you
Wooderson’s courage earned him the respect of his fellows.
AmE a graduate student who has a fellowship in a university
especially BrE a member of an important society or a college
She is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.
→ bedfellow fellow 2
fellow2 W3 adj
fellow workers/students/countrymen etc
people that you work with, study with, or who are in the same situation as you
our fellow man/men
other people in general
We all have obligations to our fellow men.
مرد، شخص، آدم، مردکه ، یارو.
n. arkadaş, kardeş, yoldaş, dost, ahbap, akran, adam, herif, sevgili, koca, eş, tek, akademi üyesi
adj. eş, aynı tür, ortak
n. gars, type; copain; ami; camarade; compagnon; petit ami; collègue; membre de l’université.
adj. membre de; de même nature que
e: there are food thieves among your fellow students
watchman
watch·man /ˈwɔtʃmən US ˈwɑːtʃ-, ˈwɔːtʃ-/ n plural watchmen /-mən/ [C]
old-fashioned someone whose job is to guard a place
= security guard
→ night watchman
مواظب، نگهبان ، پاسدار، مراقب.
n. bekçi, gözcü, nöbetçi
n. gardien; sentinelle
Lager
n. lager beer, type of beer which is made using a small amount of hops and is aged from six weeks to six months
a·ger
S3 /ˈlɑːgə US -ər/ n BrE
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: German; Origin: lagerbier ‘beer made to be stored’, from lager ‘storehouse’ + bier ‘beer’]
[U and C]
a light-coloured beer, or a glass of this type of beer
can/bottle/glass etc of lager
a pint of lager
آبجو دیر رس، آبجو نارس، آبجو کم الکل.
n. alman birası
n. bière blonde
upscale
adj. luxurious, elegant, expensive; related to the upper classes, of the wealthy classes
up·scale /ˈʌpskeɪl/ adj AmE
relating to people from a high social class who have a lot of money
British Equivalent: upmarket
an affluent upscale audience
thrifty
thrift·y /ˈθrɪfti/ adj using money carefully and wisely hardworking, thrifty people >thriftily adv >thriftiness n [U] خانه دار، صرفه جو، مقتصد. z. idareyle. thriftiness i. idarelilik. adj. parcimonieux, économique; florissant
tribute
tribute [trib·ute || ‘trɪbjuːt]
n. tax, levy; gift, offering, compliment
trib·ute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: tributum, from tribuere ‘to give out to the tribes, pay’, from tribus; TRIBE]
something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone
The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate.
I’d like to pay tribute to (=praise and admire publicly) the party workers for all their hard work.
be a tribute to sb/sth
to be a clear sign of the good qualities that someone or something has
It was a tribute to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.
a payment of goods or money by one ruler or country to another more powerful one, especially in order to be protected
floral tribute
BrE flowers sent to a funeral
باج، خراج، احترام، ستایش، تکریم.
n. devletin devlete barış için ödediği para, haraç, hürmet, takdir, övgü, işçinin payına düşen maden
n. tribut, hommage, cadeau; taxe
badger
bad·ger1 /ˈbædʒə US -ər/ n [C]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from badge; because of the white marks on its head]
an animal which has black and white fur, lives in holes in the ground, and is active at night badger 2
badger2 v [T]
to try to persuade someone by asking them something several times
= pester
She badgered me for weeks until I finally gave in.
badger sb to do sth
My friends keep badgering me to get a cell phone.
badger sb into doing sth
I had to badger the kids into doing their homework.
(.n): دستفروش، دوره گرد، خرده فروش، (ج. ش) گورکن ، خرسک ، شغاره (mustelidae)، (.vt): سربسر گذاشتن ، اذیت کردن ، آزار کردن .
n. porsuk
v. kızdırmak, gücendirmek, rahatsız etmek, rahat vermemek, başının etini yemek (Argo); yakasını bırakmamak
n. blaireau; fourrure de blaireau
v. importuner, harceler; ennuyer, tourmenter
jackal
jack·al /ˈdʒækɔːl, -kəl US -kəl/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Turkish; Origin: çakal, from Persian shagal, from Sanskrit srgala]
a wild animal like a dog that lives in Asia and Africa and eats the remaining parts of dead animals
(ج. ش) شغال، توره ، جان کنی مفت.
n. çakal
n. chacal; charlatan; être infâme; qui fait un travail méprisable
sprocket
دندانه ئ زنجیری.( مک . ) دنده چرخ زنجیرخور، چرخ دنده زنجیر .
n. zincir dişlisi, zincir dişlisi çarkı, film şeridi dişlisi
n. pignon; pignon à chaîne
epilepsy
ep·i·lep·sy /ˈepɪlepsi/ n [U]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: épilepsie, from Greek epilepsia, from epilambanein ‘to seize’]
a medical condition affecting your brain, that can make you suddenly become unconscious or unable to control your movements for a short time
طب) بیماری صرع، غشی، حمله ، بیهوشی، غش.
n. sara, epilepsi
n. épilepsie
uphill and downhill
useful words
e:can put it on a higher gear for downhill, and a lower gear for uphill travel to make it easier
outskirt
n. peripheral region, environ, suburb
دور از مرکز، حاشیه ، مرز، حوالی، حومه .
n. périphérie, environ, alentours
intrinsic
adj. inherent, innate, essential, fundamental, natural
in·trin·sic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk, -zɪk/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: intrinsèque, from Late Latin intrinsecus]
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
the intrinsic interest of the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of sth
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women.
intrinsic to
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
>intrinsically /-kli/ adv
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
ذاتی، اصلی، باطنی، طبیعی، ذهنی، روحی، حقیقی، مرتب، شایسته .فطری، باطنی.
adj. esas, asıl, gerçek
adj. intrinsèque; essentiel; intérieur; fondamental; naturel; inné
salivate
v. produce saliva, secrete saliva into the mouth (esp. in excessive quantities)
sal·i·vate /ˈsælɪveɪt/ v [I]
to produce more saliva in your mouth than usual, especially because you see or smell food
to look at or show interest in something or someone in a way that shows you like or want them very much - used to show disapproval
salivate at/over
The media are salivating over the story.
>salivation /ˌsælɪˈveɪʃən/ n [U]
بزاق ترشح کردن ، بزاق ایجاد کردن ، خدو آوردن .
v. tükürük salgılamak, salya akıtmak
v. saliver, produire de la salive, secréter de la salive
naive
adj. lacking worldly wisdom, unsuspecting, gullible; childish, innocent, simple, unsophisticated
na·ive /naɪˈiːv/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: naïve, feminine of naïf, from Latin nativus; NATIVE1]
not having much experience of how complicated life is, so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always happen
→innocent
a naive young girl
Jim can be so naive sometimes.
it is naive to think/suppose/assume etc
It would be naive to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.
>naively adv
I had naively imagined that he was in love with me.
>naivety /naɪˈiːvəti/ also naiveté /naɪˈiːvəteɪ/
n [U]
dangerous political naivety
naif) ساده و بی تکلف، بیریا، ساده ، بی تجربه ، خام.
adj. saf, bön, toy
adj. naïf, innocent; enfantin, ingénu, enfantin, simple
sober
v. cause to become serious; cause to become realistic; become sober, recover from the influence of alcohol
adj. not drunk, clear-headed, lucid; rational, level-headed; calm, composed; serious
so·ber1 /ˈsəubə US ˈsoubər/ adj
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: sobre, from Latin sobrius]
not drunk
He’s a nice guy when he’s sober.
serious, and thinking or making you think carefully about things
a sober, hard-working young man
a sober reminder of the difficulties we face
plain and not at all brightly coloured
a sober grey suit
>soberly adv sober 2
sober2 also sober down v [I and T]
to become more serious in behaviour or attitude, or to make someone become more serious
His expression sobered instantly.
sober up phr v
to gradually become less drunk, or to make someone become less drunk
I had sobered up by now and felt terrible.
sober sb⇔ up
Some coffee should sober you up.
هوشیار، بهوش، عاقل، میانه رو، معتدل، متین ، سنگین ، موقر، آدم هشیار( دربرابرمست )، هوشیار بودن ، بهوش آوردن ، از مستی درآوردن .
v. ayıltmak, aklını başına getirmek
adj. ölçülü, aşırıya kaçmayan, makul, akla yatkın, sade, mat, gösterişsiz, ciddi, ağırbaşlı, içkide aşırıya kaçmayan
v. retrouver sa lucidité; dessoûler, cuver son vin
adj. sobre, modéré, tempéré; calme, posé, grave; retenu; qui n’a pas bu
e; sober climate scientist
peruse
v. read attentively, study attentively
pe·ruse /pəˈruːz/ v [T]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from Latin per- ‘thoroughly’ + English use]
formal to read something, especially in a careful way
She leant forward to peruse the document more closely.
>perusal n [U and C]
بررسی کردن ، بدقت خواندن .
v. dikkatle okumak, okumak, incelemek, değerlendirmek
v. lire attentivement
bash
n. forceful blow or strike; lively party
v. punch, hit, strike
bash1 /bæʃ/ v
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: Probably from the sound of hitting]
[I always + adverb/preposition, T]
to hit someone or something hard, in a way that causes pain or damage
Someone bashed him on the back of his head.
Police bashed down the door to get in.
bash sth on/against sth
He bashed his head on the back of the seat.
bash into
I accidentally bashed into a woman pushing a pram.
[T]
to criticize someone or something very strongly
He was always bashing the trade unions.
>-basher n [C]
union-bashers
bash on phr v
to continue working in order to finish something
Well, I’d better bash on.
bash out [bash sth⇔out] phr v
to produce something quickly or in great quantities but without much care or thought
I bashed out replies as fast as I could.
bash up [bash sb⇔up] phr v
to seriously hurt someone by attacking them violently bash 2
bash2 n [C]
informal a hard strong hit
= bang bash on
a bash on the head
informal a party or an event to celebrate something
a birthday bash
have a bash (at sth)
BrE spoken to try to do something, especially when you are not sure that you will succeed
Why not have a bash at windsurfing?
برهم زدن ، ترساندن ، دست پاچه نمودن ، شرمنده شدن ، ترسیدن ، خجلت.
n. darbe, sert vuruş; deneme; eğlence, parti, cümbüş
v. sertçe vurmak, çarpmak; indirmek, geçirmek
n. coup, coup de poing
v. frapper; cogner
pram
n. (British) wheeled carriage for babies, stroller, perambulator
pram
S3 /præm/ n [C]
BrE a small vehicle with four wheels in which a baby can lie down while it is being pushed
American Equivalent: baby carriage
→buggy
a young woman pushing a pram
کالسکه بچه .
n. çocuk arabası [brit.], norveç balıkçı teknesi
n. landau
choke
n. act of choking; throttle (in a car)
v. strangle, block the windpipe; be strangled; block, obstruct; fill full
choke1 /tʃəuk US tʃouk/ v
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: achoke ‘to choke’ (11-14 centuries), from Old English aceocian]
[I]
to be unable to breathe properly because something is in your throat or there is not enough air
choke on
He choked on a piece of bread.
Six people choked to death on the fumes.
[T]
if something chokes you, it makes you unable to breathe properly
I felt as if there was a weight on my chest, choking me.
The smoke was choking me.
[T]
to prevent someone from breathing by putting your hands around their throat and pressing on it
His hands were round her throat, choking her.
[I and T]
to be unable to talk clearly because you are feeling a strong emotion
choke with
He was choking with rage.
I was too choked with emotion to speak.
Her voice was choked with rage.
[T] also choke sth⇔out
to say something with difficulty because you are very upset or angry
’Get out,’ she choked.
[ T] also choke sth⇔up
to fill a place so that things cannot move through it
Weeds were choking the stream.
be choked (up) with sth
The gutters were choked up with leaves.
[I] informal
to fail at doing something, especially a sport, because there is a lot of pressure on you
People said I choked, but I just had a bad day on the golf course.
[T]
if one plant chokes another, it kills it by growing all around it and taking away its light and room to grow
Weeds can quickly choke delicate garden plants.
choke a horse
AmE spoken if you say that something is big enough to choke a horse, you are emphasizing that it is very big
a wad of bills big enough to choke a horse
choke back [choke sth⇔back] phr v
to control your anger, sadness etc so that you do not show it
He choked back tears as he described what had happened.
She choked back a sob.
I choked back my anger.
choke off [choke off sth] phr v
to prevent something from happening
It is feared that higher interest rates might choke off economic recovery.
choke out [choke sth⇔out] phr v
to say something with difficulty because you are very upset or angry
His heart hammered as he choked out the words.
’No!’ she choked out.
choke up phr v
choke sth⇔up
to fill a place so that things cannot move through it
be choked up with sth
The stream was choked up with weeds.
choke sb up
to make someone feel very upset and unable to talk
This song really chokes me up.
I was really choked up when I saw her again. choke 2
choke2 n [C]
a piece of equipment in a vehicle that controls the amount of air going into the engine, and that is used to help the engine start
the sound that someone makes when they cannot breathe properly because something is in their throat or there is not enough air
She gave a little choke of laughter.
خفه کردن ، بستن ، مسدود کردن ، انسداد، اختناق، دریچه ، ساسات ( ماشین ).
n. boğma, nefesini kesme, jigle, boğumlu tüfek namlusu, kısma bobini
v. boğulmak, boğarak öldürmek; tıkanmak, ölmek, boğmak, tıkamak, nefesini kesmek; baskılamak, bastırmak, tutmak, kısmak
n. strangulation; starter (automobile)
v. étrangler; boucher; suffoquer
strangle
v. choke to death, throttle by compressing the windpipe and preventing the intake of air, asphyxiate; stifle, suppress
stran·gle /ˈstræŋgəl/ v [T]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: estrangler, from Latin strangulare; STRANGULATION]
to kill someone by pressing their throat with your hands, a rope etc
→choke strangle with
The victim had been strangled with a belt.
to limit or prevent the growth or development of something
Mills argues that high taxation strangles the economy.
>strangler n [C]
گلوی کسی را فشردن ، خفه کردن .
v. boğmak, boğarak öldürmek, gelişimini engellemek, bastırmak, boğazlamak, tutmak
v. étrangler
immortal
n. being which will live forever and never die; one whose fame will last for all time
adj. deathless, undying, eternal, everlasting; lasting for all time, eternally remembered
im·mor·tal /ɪˈmɔːtl US -ɔːr-/ adj
living or continuing for ever
≠ mortal
Plato believed that the soul is immortal.
an immortal line, play, song etc is so famous that it will never be forgotten
In the immortal words of Henry Ford, ‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.’
>immortal n [C]
ابدی، فنا ناپذیر، جاویدان ، جاوید.
n. ölümsüz varlık
adj. ölümsüz, ölmez, ebedi, sonsuz
n. immortel
adj. immortel, éternel
frigid
adj. cold; frozen; sexually unresponsive
fri·gid /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/ adj
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: frigidus, from frigus ‘cold’]
a woman who is frigid does not like having sex
literary not friendly or kind
= cold, icy icy, frosty frosty
The guard looked at us with a frigid stare.
formal very cold
= icy
His breath steamed in the frigid air.
>frigidly adv
>frigidity /frɪˈdʒɪdɪti/ n [U]
بسیار سرد، منجمد، دارای اندکی تمایل جنسی.
adj. buz gibi, çok soğuk, soğuk, duygusuz, cinsel ilişkiden zevk almayan
adj. très froid, glacial, frigide
throe
n. violent pangs; torturous struggle, suffering
1 : PANG, SPASM
2 plural : a hard or painful struggle
n. sancı, ağrı, sızı, dert
n. au beau milieu de, en proie à; à l’agonie
entail
n. legal limitation which determines who may inherit an estate or property; predetermined succession for a position or office
v. intail, involve, cause; require; demand; set a limitation on who may inherit an estate or property
en·tail /ɪnˈteɪl/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: taile ‘legal limitation’, from Old French taillier ‘to cut, limit’]
to involve something as a necessary part or result
A new computer system entails a lot of re-training.
Some foreign travel is entailed in the job.
entail doing sth
The journey will entail changing trains twice.
old use if you entail property, you arrange for it to be given to a specific person, usually your oldest son, when you die
مستلزم بودن ، شامل بودن ، فراهم کردن ، متضمن بودن ، دربرداشتن ، حمل کردن بر، حبس یاوقفکردن ، موجب شدن .
n. satılmaması koşuluyla verilen mülk, mülkiyeti muhafaza
v. satılmaması koşuluyla vermek, şarta bağlamak, gerektirmek, yol açmak, kaosamak
n. leg, héritage
v. entraîner, occasionner; rendre nécessaire; imposer
peg
n. wedge, spike; pin, dowel; clothespin, clip
v. fasten with clothespin; strengthen with a wedge, reinforce with a spike
peg1 /peg/ n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1【short stick】
2【hanging wet clothes】
3【tent】
4 take/bring somebody down a peg (or two)
5【musical instrument】
6 a peg to hang something on
7【drink】
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Probably from Middle Dutch pegge]
【SHORT STICK】
a short piece of wood, metal, or plastic that is attached to a wall or fits into a hole, used especially to hang things on or to fasten things together
Sarah hung her coat on the peg.
a table fitted together with pegs
a pattern made with coloured pegs on a board
【HANGING WET CLOTHES】
BrE a small plastic or wooden object used to fasten wet clothes to a thin rope to dry
= clothespeg
American Equivalent: clothespin
【TENT】
a pointed piece of wood or metal that you push into the ground in order to keep a tent in the correct position
take/bring sb down a peg (or two)
to make someone realize that they are not as important or skilled as they think they are
Evans is an arrogant bully who needs taking down a peg or two.
【MUSICAL INSTRUMENT】
a wooden screw used to make the strings of a violin, guitar etc tighter or looser
= tuning peg
a peg to hang sth on
BrE something that is used as a reason for doing, discussing, or believing something
As a peg to hang it on, the tournament had the 100th anniversary of Nehru’s birth.
【DRINK】
BrE old-fashioned a small amount of strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky or brandy
→square peg in a round hole at square 1 (12) peg 2
peg2 past tense and past participle pegged present participle pegging
v [T]
to set prices, wages etc at a particular level, or set them in relation to something else
peg sth at sth
The dividend was pegged at 6.1p.
peg sth to sth
a currency pegged to the American dollar
to fasten something somewhere with a peg
The tent flap was pegged open.
Outside, a woman was pegging sheets to a washing line.
peg as [peg sb/sth as sth] phr v
to believe or say that someone has a particular type of character, or that a situation has particular qualities
I’d had him pegged as a troublemaker.
peg away phr v
to work hard and with determination
peg away at
She pegged away at her essay.
peg back [peg sb/sth⇔back] phr v
to stop someone from winning in a sport or from increasing the amount by which they are winning - used in news reports
They were pegged back by an equaliser from Jameson.
peg out phr v
BrE informal to die, or to fall down because you are tired
peg sth⇔out
BrE to fasten wet clothes to a washing line to dry
peg sth⇔out
to mark a piece of ground with wooden sticks
(.nand .vt.vi): میخ، میخ چوبی، چنگک ، عذر، بهانه ، میخ زدن ، میخکوب کردن محکم کردن ، زحمت کشیدن ، کوشش کردن ، درجه ، دندانه ، پا، (.adj): (pegged) دربالا پهن ودر پائین نازک ( شبیه میخ ).
n. ağaç çivi, askı kancası (elbise), çamaşır mandalı, kazık (kısa), bahane, dübel, sodalı viski [brit.], akort vidası, mazeret, vesile
v. ağaç çivi ile çakmak, kazık çakarak sabitlemek, belirlemek, saptamak, atmak (taş vb.)
n. piquet; cheville; pince à linge; épingle; fosset; goupille; pointe; fer; pique
v. cheviller; brocher; marquer (des points- jeux); stabiliser (Economie); attacher avec une pince à linge; renforcer par piquet
compilation
n. collection of plays or other literary works; combining of documents or other materials into one book; translation of a programs written in a high-level language to another language (Computers); compiling of data
com·pi·la·tion /ˌkɔmpɪˈleɪʃən US ˌkɑːm-/ n
[C]
a book, list, record etc which consists of different pieces of information, songs etc
compilation of
a compilation of love songs
compilation CD/album/tape
[U]
the process of making a book, list, record etc from different pieces of information, songs etc
dictionary compilation
گردآوری، تالیف، تلفیق.همگردانی.
n. derleme, derleme eser
n. compilation, création de logiciels à partir d’un code source en langage évolué (informatique)
culprit
n. one accused, offender, guilty party
cul·prit /ˈkʌlprɪt/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: cul (from culpable ‘guilty’) + prit ‘ready (to prove it)’]
the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong
→victim
Police finally managed to catch the culprit.
informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty
High production costs are the main culprit .
متهم، مقصر، آدم خطاکار یا مجرم.
n. suçlu, zanlı, sanık, hükümlü
n. accusé, qui commit des crimes
grim
adj. unyielding; stern, fierce; merciless, heartless, cruel; horrible, frightful
grim /grɪm/ adj
[Language: Old English; Origin: grimm]
making you feel worried or unhappy
= harsh
the grim reality of rebuilding the shattered town
When he lost his job, his future looked grim.
Millions of Britons face the grim prospect (=something bad that will probably happen) of dearer home loans.
We received the grim news in silence.
looking or sounding very serious
’I’ll survive,’ he said with a grim smile.
The child hung on to her arm with grim determination .
The police officers were silent and grim-faced.
BrE informal very bad, ugly, or unpleasant
The weather forecast is pretty grim.
They painted a grim picture of what life used to be like there.
a grim industrial town
[not before noun] informal
ill
Juliet felt grim through the early months of her pregnancy.
hold/hang on for/like grim death
BrE informal to hold something very tightly because you are afraid
>grimly adv
Arnold smiled grimly.
>grimness n [U]
ترسناک ، شوم، عبوس، سخت، ظالم.
adj. zalim, gaddar, acımasız, sert, korkunç, suratsız
adj. sardonique (sourire); menaçant; cruel; sinistre; lugubre; effrayant; terrible; satanique
dwindle
v. diminish, decrease, wane, fade, peter out
dwin·dle /ˈdwɪndl/ v [I]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: dwine ‘to become less’]
also dwindle away
to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller
The elephant population is dwindling.
His money had dwindled away.
dwindle to
The stream has dwindled to a trickle.
>dwindling adj
dwindling resources
رفته رفته کوچک شدن ، تدریجا کاهش یافتن ، کم شدن ، تحلیل رفتن .
v. azalmak, küçülmek, çekmek, bozulmak
v. diminuer, soustraire, affaiblir
breach
n. violation, infringement; crack, gap
v. break through, burst into
breach1 W3 /briːtʃ/ n
[Language: Old English; Origin: bryce]
[U and C]
an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement
breach of
This was a clear breach of the 1994 Trade Agreement.
They sued the company for breach of contract .
a breach of professional duty
be in breach of sth
He was clearly in breach of the law.
[C]
a serious disagreement between people, groups, or countries
breach with
Britain did not want to risk a breach with the US over sanctions.
breach between
What had caused the sudden breach between Henry and his son?
She wanted to help heal the breach between them.
breach of confidence/trust
an action in which someone does something that people have trusted them not to do
We regard the publication of this information as a serious breach of trust.
breach of security
an action in which someone manages to learn secret information or manages to get into a place that is guarded
There had been a major breach of security at the air base.
breach of the peace
BrE the crime of making too much noise or fighting in a public place
He was arrested and charged with breach of the peace.
[C]
a hole made in a wall that is intended to protect a place
breach in
a breach in the castle wall
a breach in the flood defence barrier
step into the breach
to help by doing someone else’s job or work when they are unable to do it
= step in
Thanks for stepping into the breach last week. breach 2
breach2 v [T]
to break a law, rule, or agreement
= break
The company accused him of breaching his contract.
Traders who breach the rules could face a fine of up to £10,000.
to break a hole in a wall that is intended to protect a place
The storm had breached the sea wall in two places.
نقض عهد، رخنه ، نقض کردن ، نقض عهد کردن ، ایجاد شکاف کردن ، رخنه کردن در.
n. ihlal, uymama, çiğneme, bozulma, bozma (anlaşmayı); gedik, yarık, dalgaların sahile vurup kırılması
v. gedik açmak, yarmak, kırmak
n. infraction, contravention; violation (loi); manquement (au devoir) rupture (contrat); brouille, rupture (amis); trou, brèche
v. ouvrir une brèche; battre en brèche; percer (les lignes ennemies) (Militaire)
levee
n. embankment built along a river to prevent flooding; raised edge around an irrigated field; pier; formal reception (such as held by royalty)
v. build a dike, create an embankment along a river to prevent flooding; create a raised edge around an irrigated field (Agriculture)
lev·ee /ˈlevi/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: levée, from lever ‘to raise’]
a special wall built to stop a river flooding
مجلس پذیرائی، سلام عام، بارعام دادن ، خاکریز، بند، لنگرگاه .
n. nehir taşmasına karşı set, taşmayı önleyen set, resmi kabul, kabul töreni
n. levée; pile; réception officielle
v. élever un barrage; construire une digue; construire des terrasses (agriculture)
hammer
n. tool with a hard solid head (used to beat, pound, drive nails, etc.)
v. hit or strike with a hammer; forcefully persuade, argue strongly; defeat, beat (in competition, battle, etc.)
ham·mer1 /ˈhæmə US -ər/ n [C]
1【tool】
2 come/go under the hammer
3 hammer blow
4 hammer and tongs
5【gun】
6【sport】
7【piano】
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: hamor]
【TOOL】
a) a tool with a heavy metal part on a long handle, used for hitting nails into wood
b) a tool like this with a wooden head used to make something flat, make a noise etc
an auctioneer’s hammer
come/go under the hammer
to be offered for sale at an auction
hammer blow
BrE an event that damages something very seriously
hammer blow for
The decision is a hammer blow for the coal industry.
hammer and tongs informal
a) if people go at each other hammer and tongs, they fight or argue very loudly
b) if someone does something hammer and tongs, they do it with all their energy
【GUN】
the part of a gun that hits the explosive charge that fires a bullet
【SPORT】
a heavy metal ball on a wire with a handle at the end, which you throw as far as possible as a sport
【PIANO】
a wooden part of a piano that hits the strings inside to make a musical sound hammer 2
hammer2 v
——————————————————————————–
1【hit with a hammer】
2【hit repeatedly】
3【hurt with problems】
4【hit hard】
5【criticize】
6 hammer something home
7【heart】
8【defeat】
Phrasal verbs
hammer away
hammer something⇔in
hammer something⇔out
——————————————————————————–
【HIT WITH A HAMMER】 [I and T]
to hit something with a hammer in order to force it into a particular position or shape
hammer sth in/into sth
Hammer the nails into the back of the frame.
hammer away (at sth)
All afternoon, Martin had been hammering away in the conservatory.
the sound of hammering and sawing
【HIT REPEATEDLY】 [I]
to hit something many times, especially making a loud noise
= pound, bang bang hammer at
Daniella hammered at the door.
The rain was hammering against the window.
【HURT WITH PROBLEMS】 [T]
to hurt someone or something by causing them a lot of problems
British industry was being hammered by the recession.
【HIT HARD】 [T] informal
to hit or kick something very hard
Robinson hammered the ball into the goal.
【CRITICIZE】 [T]
to strongly criticize or attack someone for something they have said or done
The president has been hammered for his lack of leadership.
hammer sth home
to make sure that people understand something by repeating it many times
The message must be hammered home that crime doesn’t pay.
【HEART】 [I]
if your heart hammers, you feel it beating strongly and quickly
= pound
She stood outside the door, her heart hammering.
【DEFEAT】 [T] informal
to defeat someone completely at a sport
Arsenal hammered Manchester United 5-0.
hammer away phr v
to keep saying something because you want people to understand or accept it
hammer away at
I keep hammering away at this point because it’s important.
to work hard and continuously at something
hammer away at
You need to keep on hammering away at achieving your goals.
hammer in [hammer sth⇔in] phr v
to keep saying something until people completely understand it
The coach hammered his message into the team.
hammer out [hammer sth⇔out] phr v
to decide on an agreement, contract etc after a lot of discussion and disagreement
Leading oil producers tried to hammer out a deal.
چکش، پتک ، چخماق، استخوان چکشی، چکش زدن ، کوبیدن ، سخت کوشیدن ، ضربت زدن .
n. çekiç, tokmak, tüfek horozu
v. çekiçlemek, çekiçle vurmak, dövmek, çakmak, işlemek, ağır yenilgiye uğratmak, hızlı atmak
n. marteau
v. marteler; battre, démolir
come off
happen, occur, take place, transpire; be finished; appear, seem; succeed.
come off phr v
come off (sth)
to become removed from something
The label had come off, so there was no way of knowing what was on the disk.
come off (sth)
BrE to fall off something
Dyson came off his bike as he rounded the last corner, but wasn’t badly hurt.
informal if something that has been planned comes off, it happens
In the end the trip never came off.
informal to be successful
It was a good idea, but it didn’t quite come off.
The performance on the first night came off pretty well .
come off sth
to stop taking a drug that you have been taking regularly
It wasn’t until I tried to come off the pills that I realized I was addicted.
come off best/better/worst etc
BrE to gain or lose the most, more, the least etc from a situation
As far as pensions go, it’s still women who come off worst.
come off it!
BrE spoken used to tell someone that you do not believe what they are saying
Oh come off it! You can’t seriously be saying you knew nothing about any of this.
bring up
raise,
e: the first thing u bring up in the interview
commensurate
adj. corresponding, proportionate, equal
com·men·su·rate /kəˈmenʃərɪt/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Late Latin; Origin: commensuratus, from Latin com- ( COM-) + Late Latin mensuratus ‘measured’]
matching something in size, quality, or length of time
commensurate with
Salary will be commensurate with age and experience.
متناسب.
adj. orantılı, oranlı, uygun, eşit
adj. proportionné
attire
n. clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
v. put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive
v. dress, put on clothes
n. dress, clothing, apparel
آراستن ، آرایش کردن ، لباس پوشاندن ، لباس، آرایش.
v. giydirmek; donatmak
n. giysi, kıyafet, elbise, kılık, süs
v. vêtir; parer; passer des vêtements
n. vêtement, atours; accoutrement
e: you can move on later to details like the location and expected attire and whatnot.
fret
n. irritation, worry, anxiety; erosion, wearing away; area that has been eroded; ornamental design; any of the ridges of wood or metal on a fingerboard (of a guitar, lute, etc.)
v. worry, annoy, irritate; get annoyed; become worried; corrode, erode; wear out, tire; decorate with fretwork
fret1 /fret/ v past tense and past participle fretted present participle fretting [I]
[Language: Old English; Origin: fretan ‘to eat’]
to worry about something, especially when there is no need
Don’t fret - everything will be all right.
fret about/over
She’s always fretting about the children.
fret that
men of fifty, fretting that they’re no longer young fret 2
fret2 n
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from Old French frete ‘metal band’] [C]
one of the raised lines on the fretboard of a guitar etc
اذیت، اخم، ترشروئی، تحریک ، تهییج، هیجان ، بی حوصلگی، جیغ، فریاد، دارای نقشه های پیچ در پیچ کردن ، جور بجور کردن ، گلابتون دوزی کردن ، اخم کردن ، پوسترا بردن ، کج خلقی کردن ، سائیده شدن ، هایهو کردن ، جویدن ، مجروح کردن ، رنگ آمیزی کردن .
n. aşınma, yenme, üzüntü, sıkıntı, endişe, perde [müz.], kenar süsü, kafesli süs
v. aşındırmak, kemirmek, yıpratmak, eskitmek, yiyip bitirmek, üzmek, endişelendirmek, sinirlendirmek, kızmak, üzülmek, kendi kendini yemek, endişelenmek
n. colère, énervement; bile; usure; chantournement, découpage; touchette (guitare)
v. tracasser, irriter, s’énerver, s’irriter, inquiéter; ronger, mâcher
coward
n. one who lacks courage cow·ard /ˈkauəd US -ərd/ n [C] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: coart, from coe 'tail'; probably from the idea of an animal with its tail between its legs] someone who is not at all brave Try it. Don't be such a coward. >cowardly adj a cowardly attack on a defenceless man آدمترسو، نامرد، شخص جبون ، بزدل. n. korkak, ödlek kimse (Argo) coward 2 adj. korkak, ödlek, tabansız n. lâche
wimp
n. weak and cowardly person, pushover wimp1 /wɪmp/ n [C] informal [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Perhaps from whimper] someone who has a weak character and is afraid to do something difficult or unpleasant Don't be such a wimp! a man who is thin and physically weak >wimpish, wimpy adj wimp 2 wimp2 v wimp out phr v to not do something that you intended to do, because you do not feel brave enough, strong enough etc = cop out n. personne faible, mauviette
sloppy
adj. slovenly, untidy; careless; wet, slushy, muddy; oversentimental, silly (Informal); unappetizing; splashed with liquid
slop·py /ˈslɔpi US ˈslɑːpi/ adj
not done carefully or thoroughly
= careless
sloppy work
His written reports are incredibly sloppy.
sloppy clothes are loose-fitting, untidy, or dirty
Ann was dressed in a sloppy brown sweater.
expressing feelings of love too strongly and in a silly way
= slushy
The film is a sloppy romance.
not solid enough
sloppy jelly
>sloppily adv
>sloppiness n [U]
کثیف، درهم وبرهم، نامرتب، شلخته .
adj. ıslak, cıvık, çamurlu, sulu, pasaklı, gülünç derecede hassas, yarım yamalak
adj. fait sans soin, négligé; mouillé, sale, boueux; sot, stupide
e: sloppy scribble
scribble
n. scrawl, illegible handwriting; doodle, meaningless writing
v. write quickly and sloppily, scrawl; doodle, create meaningless pictures or scrawl
scrib·ble1 /ˈskrɪbəl/ v
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: scribillare, from Latin scribere; SCRIBE]
[T] also scribble down
to write something quickly and untidily
I scribbled his phone number in my address book.
He scribbled down our names.
[I]
to draw marks that have no meaning
Someone had scribbled all over my picture.
باشتاب نوشتن ، بد نوشتن ، خط بد، خط ناخوانا.
n. kargacık burgacık yazı, karalama, çiziktirme
v. karalamak, kargacık burgacık yazmak, eğri büğrü yazmak, ditmek (yün), kabartmak (yün)
n. gribouillage
v. griffonner, gribouiller
handy
adj. useful; convenient; close; skilled
hand·y
S3 /ˈhændi/ adj comparative handier superlative handiest
useful
It’s quite a handy little tool.
It’s very handy having a light above your desk.
Take your swimming trunks with you - they might come in handy (=be useful) .
informal near and easy to reach
I always keep my gun handy just in case.
Do you have a piece of paper handy ?
handy for BrE
The house was in Drury Lane, very handy for the theatre.
good at using something, especially a tool
handy with
He’s very handy with a screwdriver.
بادست انجام شده ، دستی، دم دست، آماده ، موجود، قابل استفاده ، سودمند، چابک ، چالاک ، ماهر، استاد در کار خود، روان ، بسهولت قابل استفاده ، سهل الاستعمال.
adj. kullanışlı, pratik, yararlı, işe yarayan, el altında, hazır, yakın
adj. utile; commode; à portée (de la main)
plethora
n. state of being too full, excess; disease caused by an excess of blood cells in the blood
pleth·o·ra /ˈpleθərə/ n
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: Greek, ‘fullness’, from plethein ‘to be full’]
a plethora of sth
formal a very large number of something, usually more than you need
a plethora of suggestions
زدیاد خون در یک نقطه ، افراط، ازدیاد.
n. bolluk, çokluk, kan çokluğu, kan toplanması
n. pléthore,surabondance (surabondance des humeurs, du sang; abondance excessive)
well-built
someone who is well-built has a big strong body
strong
stubble
stub·ble /ˈstʌbəl/ n [U]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: estuble, from Latin stupula ‘straw’]
short stiff hairs that grow on a man’s face if he does not shave
short stiff pieces left in the fields after wheat, corn etc has been cut
>stubbly adj
کاهبن ، کلش، ریش زبر، موی نتراشیده ، ته ریش.
n. anız, biçilen tarlada kalan kökler, traşı gelmiş sakal, fırça gibi sakal, anızlı tarla
n. chaume; barbe de plusieurs jours
Fattish
adj. chubby, somewhat fat
چاق، متمایل به چاق.
adj. şişmanca, topluca
adj. grassouillet
scar
n. mark left on the skin after a wound has healed
v. mark with a scar, cause a scar; be marked with a scar
scar1 /skɑː US skɑːr/ n [C]
——————————————————————————–
1【mark on skin】
2【feeling】
3【damaged area】
4【cliff】
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: escare, from Late Latin eschara, from Greek]
【MARK ON SKIN】
a permanent mark that is left on your skin after you have had a cut or wound
He had a long, curved scar on his right cheek.
a deep cut that could leave a permanent scar
【FEELING】
a feeling of fear or sadness that remains with you for a long time after an unpleasant experience
Her mental scars will take time to heal.
The war has left a deep scar on this community.
【DAMAGED AREA】
a place where the land or a building was damaged in the past
scar of
The landscape still bears the scars of the war.
【CLIFF】
BrE a cliff on the side of a mountain scar 2
scar2 past tense and past participle scarred present participle scarring
v [T]
if a wound or cut scars you, it leaves a permanent mark on your body
His hands were badly scarred by the fire.
She will probably be scarred for life .
if an unpleasant experience scars you, it leaves you with a feeling of sadness or fear that continues for a long time
She was profoundly scarred by her father’s suicide.
to spoil the appearance of something
huge quarries that scar the landscape
جای زخم یا سوختگی، اثر گناه ، شکاف، اثر زخم داشتن ، اثر زخم گذاشتن .
n. yara izi, iz, çizik, sıyrık, geçmişin izi, kusur, kayalık, yalçın kaya, dev kaya
v. iz bırakmak, sıyırmak, çizmek
n. cicatrice
v. couvrir de cicatrices, balafrer; se cicatriser
recede
v. withdraw, retreat, draw back
re·cede /rɪˈsiːd/ v [I]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: recedere, from cedere ‘to go’]
if something you can see or hear recedes, it gets further and further away until it disappears
recede into
footsteps receding into the distance
if a memory, feeling, or possibility recedes, it gradually goes away
The pain in his head gradually receded.
if water recedes, it moves back from an area that it was covering
The flood waters finally began to recede in November.
if your hair recedes, you gradually lose the hair at the front of your head
He was in his mid-forties, with a receding hairline .
receding chin
a chin that slopes backwards
کنار کشیدن ، عقب کشیدن ، خودداری کردن از، دور شدن ، بعقب سرازیرشدن ، پس رفتن .
v. geri çekilmek, geri gitmek, çekilmek, gerilemek, ortadan kaybolmak, uzaklaşmak, geri plâna geçmek, vazgeçmek, düşmek (fiyat)
v. s’éloigner, reculer; se retirer, baisser; abandonner une opinion
stocky
adj. strong, solid, sturdy; chubby, stout
stock·y /ˈstɔki US ˈstɑː-/ adj comparative stockier superlative stockiest
a stocky person is short and heavy and looks strong
a stocky build
>stockily adv
>stockiness n [U]
کوتاه ، کلفت، چارشانه ، خشن ، قوی.
adj. kısa ama sağlam yapılı, tıknaz, bodur
adj. robuste, fort, solide
tan
n. suntan, brownish color acquired by the skin through exposure to the sun’s rays
v. acquire a brownish color by exposure to the sun’s rays (of the skin); make the skin brown by exposure to the sun’s rays; beat, thrash (Informal); convert animal skin into leather
adj. brownish-yellow; having a suntan; used to convert animal hide into leather
tan1 /tæn/ v past tense and past participle tanned present participle tanning
[Date: 900-1000; Language: Old French; Origin: tanner, from Medieval Latin tannare, from tanum; TAN2]
[I and T]
if you tan, or if the sun tans you, your skin becomes darker because you spend time in the sun
She has a pale skin which doesn’t tan easily.
[T]
to make animal skin into leather by treating it with tannin (=a kind of acid) tan 2
tan2 n
[Sense: 1-2; Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Medieval Latin tanum ‘plant substance used for tanning leather’]
[Sense: 3; Origin: tangent]
[C]
the attractive brown colour that someone with pale skin gets after they have been in the sun
= suntan
I wish I could get a tan like that.
[U]
a light yellowish-brown colour tan 3
tan3 adj
having a light yellowish-brown colour
tan shoes
AmE having darker skin after spending time in the sun
= tanned
She arrived home tan and rested.
دباغی کردن ، برنگ قهوه ای وسبزه درآوردن ، باحمام آفتاب پوست بدن راقهوه ای کردن ، برنزه ، مازوی دباغی، پوست مازو، مازوئی، قهوه ای مایل به زرد.
n. bronzage, brunissement, hâle
v. bronzer, hâler; brunir; tanner (peaux); battre
adj. bronzé, bruni, hâlé; tanné, en cuir jaune; brun-jaunâtre
insecure
in·se·cure /ˌɪnsɪˈkjuə US -ˈkjur/ adj
not feeling at all confident about yourself, your abilities, or your relationships with people
insecure about
She’s very insecure about her appearance.
She felt lonely and insecure away from her family.
a job, investment etc that is insecure does not give you a feeling of safety, because it might to be taken away or lost at any time
Many of them work in low-paid, insecure jobs.
a building or structure that is insecure is not safe, because it could fall down
>insecurity n [U and C]
Student teachers often suffer from a great sense of insecurity.
her deepest fears and insecurities
>insecurely adv
ناامن ، غیرمحفوظ، بدون ایمنی، غیر مطمئن ، نامعین ، غیر قطعی، سست، بی اعتبار، متزلزل.
adj. emniyetsiz, güvensiz, güvenilmez
adj. peu sûr, peu solide; dangereux; incertain, peu ferme
foresight
n. ability to see into the future; knowledge gained through such an ability; care for the future, prudence, precaution
fore·sight /ˈfɔːsaɪt US ˈfɔːr-/ n [U]
the ability to imagine what is likely to happen and to consider this when planning for the future
→forethought
It was an example of the authorities’ lack of foresight .
foresight to do sth
Luckily I’d had the foresight to get in plenty of food.
پیش بینی، دور اندیشی، مال اندیشی، بصیرت.
(i). ihtiyat, tedbir, önceden görme, basiret.
n. prévoyance; prévoir l’avenir; de propos délibéré; largeur d’esprit; guidon
self-reliant
able to do or decide things by yourself, without depending on the help or advice of other people
Our aim is to teach our son to become an independent self-reliant adult.
متکى به نفس
kendine güvenen, özsaygılı
nausea
n. queasiness, uneasiness of the stomach; revulsion, repugnance, disgust
nau·se·a /ˈnɔːziə, -siə US ˈnɔːziə, -ʃə/ n [U] formal
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: Greek nausia ‘seasickness’, from nautes; NAUTICAL]
the feeling that you have when you think you are going to vomit (=bring food up from your stomach through your mouth)
= sick
feeling/wave of nausea
A feeling of nausea suddenly came over me.
→ ad nauseam
دلآشوب، حالت تهوع، حالت استفراغ، انزجار.
n. mide bulantısı, bulantı, iğrenme
n. nausée; exécration, abomination; dégoût; révulsion
whoosh
n. sound made by the flow of water or a gust of wind
v. blow powerfully and rapidly (as the wind); move with a powerful sound of current (as the waves)
whoosh /wuʃ US wuːʃ/ v [I always + adverb/preposition] informal
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: From the sound]
to move very fast with a soft rushing sound
>whoosh n [C usually singular]
a sudden whoosh of flame and then a big bang
صدای صفیر، صدای تماس جسم سریع با هوا، صدای صفیرایجاد کردن .
v. vızıldamak, vınlamak
n. le son de l’écoulement de l’eau ou d’une brise
v. souffler vite et fort (vent); entendre le bruit de l’eau produit par un courant (vagues, torrent)
cerebral
adj. pertaining to the brain
cer·e·bral /ˈserɪbrəl US səˈriː-, ˈserɪ-/ adj
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: French; Origin: cérébral, from Latin cerebrum; CEREBRUM]
[only before noun] medical
relating to or affecting your brain
a cerebral haemorrhage (=bleeding in the brain)
having or involving complicated ideas rather than strong emotions
a cerebral film
مخی، دماغی، مغزی، فکری.
adj. beyinsel, beyin ile ilgili, beyin
adj. cérébral
cortex
n. (Anatomy) outer layer or region (of the brain, etc.); outer layer of tissue (Botany)
cor·tex /ˈkɔːteks US ˈkɔːr-/ n plural cortices /-tɪsiːz/ [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: ‘bark (= outer covering of a tree)’]
the outer layer of an organ in your body, especially your brain
>cortical /ˈkɔːtɪkəl US ˈkɔːr-/ adj
پوست، قشر، لایه روئی، روپوش، پوسته .
n. beyin zarı; böbreküstü bezi zarı
n. cortex
cataract
n. cascade, waterfall, downpour; clouding of the lens of the eye (Medical)
cat·a·ract /ˈkætərækt/ n [C]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: cataracta ‘waterfall, castle gate that drops from above’, from Greek, from katarassein ‘to strike down’, from kata- ( CATACLYSM) + arassein ‘to strike’;]
[Sense: 1; Origin: because a cataract blocks sight like a gate coming down]
a medical condition that causes the lens of your eye to become white, so that you slowly lose your sight
literary a large waterfall
آبشار بزرگ ، ( طب) آب مروارید، آب آوردن ( چشم ).
n. şelâle, çağlayan; sel, katarakt, perde
n. cataracte, cascade, chute d’eau; pluie très forte, trombe; cataracte, opacité totale ou partielle du cristallin (Médical, Optique)
intuition
n. perception without conscious reasoning, sixth sense, presentiment, insight
in·tu·i·tion /ˌɪntjuˈɪʃən US -tu-, -tju-/ n
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Late Latin; Origin: intuitio, from Latin intueri ‘to look at, think about’]
[U]
the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts
= instinct
feminine intuition
Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
[C]
an idea about what is true in a particular situation based on a feeling rather than facts
intuition (that)
He had an intuition there was trouble brewing.
We should trust our intuitions.
درک مستقیم، انتقال، کشف، دریافت ناگهانی، فراست، بصیرت، بینش، شهود، اشراق.شهود.
n. sezgi, sezi, önsezi
n. intuition (compréhension sans réflexion, sixième sens, perception direct)
sceptical
adj. doubtful, hesitant
scep·ti·cal
BrE skeptical AmE /ˈskeptɪkəl/ adj
tending to disagree with what other people tell you
sceptical about/of
I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in the press.
Environmental groups are sceptical of the government’s claims.
highly/deeply sceptical
He is highly sceptical of the reforms.
’You can trust me,’ he said. Jane looked sceptical.
sceptic adj
>sceptically /-kli/ adv
adj. kuşkucu, şüpheci, inançsız, septik, şüpheli
adj. sceptique, incertain
e:If you’re a little sceptical about the claims made by supporters of the Mozart Effect
allude
v. hint; mention briefly
al·lude /əˈluːd/ v
allude to / [allude to sb/sth] phr v
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: alludere, from ad- ‘with’ + ludere ‘to play’]
formal to mention something or someone indirectly
Rick didn’t want to discuss his past, though he alluded darkly to ‘some bad things that happened.’
v. kastetmek, üstü kapalı söylemek, taş atmak
v. faire allusion à; avoir trait à, se rapporter à; rappeler
unwind
v. unroll, uncoil, loosen, open; relax; become clear
un·wind /ʌnˈwaɪnd/ v past tense and past participle unwound /-ˈwaund/
[I]
to relax and stop feeling anxious
a beautiful country hotel that is the perfect place to unwind
[I and T]
to undo something that has been wrapped around something else, or to become undone after being wrapped around something
She started to unwind her scarf.
باز کردن ، باز کردن از پیچ.کوک چیزی راباز کردن ، بی کوک کردن .
v. açmak, çözmek, açılmak, dolanmış şeyi açmak, gevşemek
v. enlever, libérer, ouvrir; dérouler; se détendre, se relaxer
overpass, fly-over, underpass
roads and highways
gem
n. precious stone, jewel, gemstone; something rare or precious; (Slang) someone or something special
گوهر، جواهر، سنگ گران بها، جواهر نشان کردن ، مرصع کردن .
n. değerli taş, mücevher, taş, küçük francala, hafif bir pasta gem 2
v. taşlarla süslemek
n. gemme; pierre précieuse; perle; joyau
emerald
em·e·rald /ˈemərəld/ n
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: emeraude, from Latin smaragdus]
[C]
a valuable bright green stone that is often used in jewellery
زمردسبز، سبززمردی.
n. zümrüt, zümrüt yeşili
n. émeraude: pierre précieuse
ruby
ru·by /ˈruːbi/ n plural rubies [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: rubis, rubi, from Latin rubeus 'reddish'] [C] a red jewel also .ruby 'red [U] a dark red colour >ruby adj یاقوت، یاقوت سرخ، لعل، رنگ یاقوتی. n. kırmızı, lâl, yakut, yakut rengi, kırmızı şarap, saat taşı adj. kırmızı, yakut kırmızısı n. rubis (pierre précieuse) adj. rouge
sapphire
sap·phire /ˈsæfaɪə US -faɪr/ n [U and C]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: safir, from Latin, from Greek, from Hebrew sappir, from Sanskrit sanipriya ‘dear to the planet Saturn’]
a transparent bright blue jewel
یاقوت کبود، صفیر کبود، رنگ کبود.
adj. camgöbeği renkli sapphire 2 [sap·phire || ‘sæfaɪə(r)]
n. safir, gökyakut, safir mavisi, camgöbeği
n. saphir, pierre précieuse
intrigue
n. conspiracy, plot, scheme; liaison, secret love affair
v. rouse curiosity, fascinate; scheme, plot; engage in an illicit love affair
in·trigue1 /ɪnˈtriːg/ v
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: intriguer, from Italian intrigare, from Latin intricare; INTRICATE]
[T]
if something intrigues you, it interests you a lot because it seems strange or mysterious
Other people’s houses always intrigued her.
[I] formal
to make secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power
intrigue against
While King Richard was abroad, the barons had been intriguing against him. intrigue 2
in·trigue2 /ˈɪntriːg/ n
[U and C]
the making of secret plans to harm someone or make them lose their position of power, or a plan of this kind
It’s an exciting story of political intrigue and murder.
a web of intrigue (=complicated set of secret plans)
intrigue of
the political intrigues of the capital
دسیسه کردن ، توطئه چیدن ، فریفتن .
n. entrika, dolap, fesat, dalavere
v. entrika çevirmek, gizlice sevişmek, ilgisini çekmek, ayartmak, kandırmak, şaşırtmak
n. intrigue; collusion, connivence; fourberie; astuce; flirt discret
v. intriguer; exciter la curiosité; mener des intrigues; éveiller (l’attention); charmer; confondre; saboter; aimer secrètement
stake
n. post that is sharpened at one end for driving into the ground; post to which a person who is sentenced to death by burning is tied; execution by burning; wager, bet; investment, share
v. risk, gamble; finance, underwrite; mark off a boundary using stakes; tie to a stake
stake1 W3 /steɪk/ n
——————————————————————————–
1 at stake
2【company/business】
3 have a stake in something
4【money risked】
5 high stakes
6【pointed stick】
7 the stake
8 in the popularity/fashion etc stakes
9 (be prepared to) go to the stake for/over something
10 pull up stakes
——————————————————————————–
[Language: Old English; Origin: staca ‘sharp post’]
at stake
if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful
They have to win the contract - thousands of jobs are at stake.
National pride is at stake in next week’s game against England.
【COMPANY/BUSINESS】 [C]
if you have a stake in a business, you have invested money in it
hold/have a stake in sth
He holds a 51% stake in the firm.
have a stake in sth
if you have a stake in something, you will get advantages if it is successful, and you feel that you have an important connection with it
Young people don’t feel they have a stake in the country’s future.
【MONEY RISKED】 [C]
money that you risk as the result of a horse race, card game etc
For a dollar stake, you can win up to $1,000,000.
high stakes
a) if the stakes are high when you are trying to do something, you risk losing a lot or it will be dangerous if you fail
Climbing is a dangerous sport and the stakes are high .
b) if the stakes are high when you are doing something such as playing a card game, you risk losing a lot of money
We’re playing for high stakes here.
【POINTED STICK】 [C]
a pointed piece of wood, metal etc, especially one that is pushed into the ground to support something or mark a particular place
tent stakes
Drive two stakes into the ground about three feet apart.
the stake
a post to which a person was tied in former times before being killed by burning
Suspected witches were burnt at the stake .
in the popularity/fashion etc stakes
used when saying how popular, fashionable etc someone or something is
Ben wouldn’t score very highly in the popularity stakes.
(be prepared to) go to the stake for/over sth
BrE to be willing to do anything to protect or defend an idea, or belief
That’s my opinion, but I wouldn’t go to the stake for it.
pull up stakes also up stakes BrE informal to leave your job or home
We’re going to pull up stakes and move to Montana. stake 2
stake2 v [T]
to risk losing something that is valuable or important to you on the result of something
stake sth on sb/sth
Kevin is staking his reputation on the success of the project.
Jim staked his whole fortune on one card game.
I’d stake my life on it
spoken used when saying that you are completely sure that something is true, or that something will happen
I’m sure that’s Jesse - I’d stake my life on it.
also stake up
to support something with stakes
Young trees have to be staked.
also stake off
to mark or enclose an area of ground with stakes
A corner of the field has been staked off.
stake (out) a claim
to say publicly that you think you have a right to have or own something
stake (out) a claim to
Both countries staked a claim to the islands.
stake out [stake sth⇔out] phr v
to watch a place secretly and continuously
→stakeout
Police officers have been staking out the warehouse for weeks.
to mark or control a particular area so that you can have it or use it
We went to the show early to stake out a good spot.
to state your opinions about something in a way that shows how your ideas are clearly separate from other people’s ideas
Johnson staked out the differences between himself and the other candidates.
ستون چوبی یا سنگی تزئینی، میخچوبی، گرو، شرط، شرط بندی مسابقه با پول روی میزدر قمار، بچوب یا بمیخ بستن ، قائم کردن ، محکم کردن ، شرط بندی کردن ، شهرت خود رابخطر انداختن ، پول در قمار گذاشتن .
n. kazık, direk, destek, işkence direği, örs, ortaya konan para, pot, çıkar, menfaat
v. kazıklarla belirlemek, kazığa bağlamak, desteklemek, bahis yapmak, riske atmak, tehlikeye atmak
n. pieu, poteau; jalon, fiche, piquet; échalas; bûcher; mise, enjeu, pari; investissement; intérêt
v. jalonner, établir; faire valoir ses droits: soutenir avec de pieux; échalasser; mettre en jeu, jouer; risquer; parier; fournir de l’argent à qqn; palier aux besoins de
stakeholder
stake‧hold‧er /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊldə $ -ˌhoʊldər/ noun [countable]
1 someone who has invested money into something, or who has some important connection with it, and therefore is affected by its success or failure
stakeholder in
Citizens should be stakeholders in the society they live in.
2 law someone, usually a lawyer, who takes charge of a property during a quarrel or a sale
3 someone chosen to hold the money that is risked by people on a race, competition etc and to give all of it to the winner
ذینفع، سهم دار
fit in
match, be suitable, be in accord with
e: fit it in my daily programs
tie up
tie up phr v
【PERSON】
tie sb⇔up
to tie someone’s arms, legs etc so that they cannot move
The intruders tied Kurt up and left him.
【OBJECT】
tie sth⇔up
to fasten something together, using string, rope etc
He tied up all the old newspapers.
【BUSY】
be tied up
to be very busy, so that you cannot do anything else
I can’t see you tomorrow - I’ll be tied up all day.
【TRAFFIC/PHONE/COURT ETC】
tie sth⇔up
especially AmE to block a system or use it so much that other people cannot use it or it does not work effectively
Don’t tie up the phone lines making personal calls.
Protesters tied up the traffic for three hours today.
【MONEY】
be tied up
if your money is tied up in something, it is all being used for that thing and is not available for anything else
be tied up in
My money’s all tied up in the house.
【ARRANGEMENTS】
tie sth⇔up
to finish arranging all the details of something such as an agreement or a plan
We’d better tie up the details with a solicitor.
be tied up with sth
to be very closely related to something
The shortage of teachers is tied up with the issue of pay.
tie up loose ends
to do the things that are necessary in order to finish a piece of work
I need to tie up a few loose ends before I go on vacation.
【ANIMAL】
tie sth⇔up
to tie an animal to something with a rope, chain etc
tie something⇔up to
She left the dog tied up to a tree.
【BOAT】
to tie a boat to something with a rope, chain etc
We tied up alongside a barge.
tie sth⇔up
There was a boat tied up at the jetty.
e: i am already tied up with the project
maid
n. servant, cleaning lady; young girl, unmarried woman; virgin (Archaic)
maid /meɪd/ n [C]
[Date: 1100-1200; Origin: maiden]
a female servant, especially in a large house or hotel
a kitchen maid
old use a woman or girl who is not married
→ old maid
دوشیزه یا زن جوان ، پیشخدمت مونث، دختر.
n. hizmetçi, kız, temizlikçi kadın, bâkire, hizmetçi kız
n. bonne, domestique, servante; jeune fille, femme non mariée, fille vierge
fall out
fall out phr v
to have a quarrel
fall out with
Carrie’s always falling out with people.
if a tooth or your hair falls out, it is then no longer attached to your body
The drugs made her hair fall out.
if soldiers fall out, they stop standing in a line and move away to different places
split up
split up phr v
if people split up, or if someone splits them up, they end a marriage or relationship with each other
Steve’s parents split up when he was four.
split up with
I thought she’d split up with her boyfriend.
split sb⇔up
Why would she try to split us up?
to divide people into different groups, or to be divided into groups
Please don’t split up when we get to the museum.
split sth/sb⇔up
The teacher split up the class into three groups.
split sth⇔up
to divide something into different parts
split something⇔up into
The house has now been split up into individual flats.
taksim etmek, paylaştırmak, bölünmek, ayrılmak, paylaşılmak
diviser, partager; se diviser, se partager; divisé, partagé
take after
resemble -, follow in the footsteps of, behave like, be like; chase after, pursue
Jenni really takes after her mother.
Take after is not used in the progressive. You say:
He takes after you.
✗Don’t say: He is taking after you.
Percy was changing so rapidly that no one could tell whom he would eventually take after.
çekmek, benzemek
ressembler à; tenir de; pousuivre; courir après
best man, bridesmaid
ساقدوش داماد.
sağdıç
Garçon d’honneur (ami des mariés les accompagnant sous le dais nuptial)
n. female attendant to the bride; (British) flower girl
n. nedime, geline eşlik eden kız
n. demoiselle d’honneur
mourn
v. grieve, be in mourning, feel sorrow for someone’s death
mourn /mɔːn US mɔːrn/ v [I and T]
[Language: Old English; Origin: murnan]
to feel very sad and to miss someone after they have died
= grieve for
Hundreds of people gathered to mourn the slain president.
mourn for
They mourned for their children, killed in the war.
mourn sb’s death/loss/passing
She still mourns the death of her husband.
to feel very sad because something no longer exists or is no longer as good as it used to be
The old steam trains were much-loved, and we all mourn their passing .
سوگواری کردن ، ماتم گرفتن ، گریه کردن .
v. yas tutmak, matem tutmak, ağlamak
v. se désoler, prendre le deuil
coffin
n. casket, box in which a dead person is buried
cof·fin /ˈkɔfɪn US ˈkɔː-, ˈkɑː-/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: cophin, from Latin cophinus ‘basket’, from Greek kophinos]
a long box in which a dead person is buried or burnt
American Equivalent: casket
→a nail in sb’s/sth’s coffin at nail 1 (3)
تابوت.
n. tabut; açılmaya elverişsiz gemi; radyoaktif madde sızdırmaz kurşun kap
v. tabuta koymak
n. cercueil
cremate
v. incinerate, burn to ashes (i.e. dead body)
cre·mate /krɪˈmeɪt US ˈkriːmeɪt/ v [T]
[Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of cremare ‘to burn up, cremate’]
to burn the body of a dead person at a funeral ceremony
>cremation /krɪˈmeɪʃən/ n [U and C]
سوزانیدن وخاکستر کردن .
v. ölü yakmak
v. incinérer
testate
n. one who has made a valid will
adj. of one who has died and left a valid will
- testament=will
he desired to die testate
(شخص ) وصیت کرده ، دارای وصیت، شاهد، وصیت کردن ، شهادت دادن .
adj. vasiyetname bırakarak
n. testateur
adj. testateur, qui a fait et a laissé un testament
e: he left 3 million$ for her in his will.
utilitarian
n. one who ascribes to utilitarianism, one who maintains that practicality and usefulness is more important beauty or other considerations
adj. practical, applicable, useful
u·til·i·tar·i·an /juːˌtɪlɪˈteəriən US -ˈter-/ adj
formal intended to be useful and practical rather than attractive or comfortable
ugly utilitarian buildings
based on a belief in utilitarianism
→ materialistic
مطلوبیت چیزی بخاطرسودمندی آن ، معتقد باصل اخلاقی سودمند گرائی، سودمندگرا.
n. faydacı kimse, yararcıl kimse
adj. yararcı, faydacı, çıkarcı, faydalı
n. utilitaire
adj. utilitaire
e; the stepwell go beyond its utilitarian application.
heyday
n. prime, time of greatest success or popularity, period of greatest power or influence
hey·day /ˈheɪdeɪ/ n [C usually singular]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: heyda a shout of happiness (16-17 centuries); influenced by day]
the time when someone or something was most popular, successful, or powerful
in sb’s heyday
a picture of Greta Garbo in her heyday
n. en parlak dönem, altın çağ, doruk
،اوج خوشبختی و رونق
n. apogée; beaux jours; fleur de l’âge
e: stepwells during their heyday, they were places for leisure.
aquifer
n. underground stratum of rock or gravel which holds water (supplies water for springs, wells, etc.)
سفره اب ،ابزا،ابخيز،سفر،حوزه( در ابهاى زيرزمينى
n. couche aquifère, couche de rochers souterraine servant de source d’alimentation en eau
crater
n. bowl shaped pit (on the moon, at the mouth of a volcano, etc.); hole formed by the explosion of a mine or other explosive
cra·ter /ˈkreɪtə US -ər/ n [C]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: ‘bowl for mixing things, crater’, from Greek krater, from kerannynai ‘to mix’]
a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion
craters on the moon’s surface
the round open top of a volcano
دهانه آتش فشان ، دهانه کوه های ماه ، دهانه یا حفره حاصله در اثر بمب وغیره .
n. krater; bombanın açtığı çukur
n. cratère; entonnoir
relent
v. show mercy, be compassionate; become less severe, abate
re·lent /rɪˈlent/ v [I] formal
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: lentare ‘to bend’]
to change your attitude and become less strict or cruel towards someone
= give in
At last her father relented and came to visit her.
نرم شدن ، رحم بدل آوردن ، پشیمان شدن .
v. yumuşamak, acımak, merhamet etmek, insafa gelmek
v. inspirer de la pitié; se laisser fléchir
e: sheltered visitors from relentless heat
embellish
v. adorn, beautify, ornament, decorate
em·bel·lish /ɪmˈbelɪʃ/ v [T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: embelir, from bel ‘beautiful’]
to make something more beautiful by adding decorations to it
embellish sth with sth
The dress was embellished with gold threads.
to make a story or statement more interesting by adding details that are not true
She gave an embellished account of what had happened.
>embellishment n [U and C]
آرایش کردن ، آرایش دادن ، زینت دادن ، زیبا کردن ، پیراستن .
v. süslemek, güzelleştirmek, renk katmak, abartmak
v. embellir, améliorer, décorer, orner
churn
n. vessel in which butter is made
v. prepare butter by agitating cream; shake or agitate with violent motion
churn1 /tʃəːn US tʃəːrn/ v
[I]
if your stomach churns, you feel sick because you are nervous or frightened
My stomach was churning on the day of the exam.
[I and T] also churn up
if water, mud etc churns, or if something churns it, it moves about violently
We stood on the dock and watched the ocean churn.
[I]
if a machine, engine, wheel etc churns, it or its parts begin to move
I pressed the gas pedal, and slowly the wheels began to churn.
[T]
to make milk by using a churn
churn out [churn sth⇔out] phr v
to produce large quantities of something, especially without caring about quality
She’s been churning out novels for twenty years.
churn up [churn sb/sth up] phr v
churn sth⇔up
to damage the surface of the ground, especially by walking on it or driving a vehicle over it
The lawn had been churned up by the tractor.
to move water, mud etc around violently
churn sth⇔up
The oars had churned up the mud, clouding the water.
BrE to make someone upset or angry
Though she looked calm, in reality she was churned up inside. churn 2
churn2 n [C]
[Language: Old English; Origin: cyrin]
a container used for shaking milk in order to make it into butter
also milk churn
BrE a large metal container used to carry milk inبوسیله اسباب گردنده ( مثل چرخ ) جلو رفتن ، بافعالیت فکری چیزی بوجود آوردن ، کره سازی، دائما وشدیدا چیزی را تکان دادن وبهم زدن .
n. yayık, güğüm, süt kabı (büyük)
v. çalkalamak, çalkantılı olmak, çırpmak, karıştırmak; tereyağı yapmak, köpürtmek, köpürmek
n. baratte
v. préparer du beurre; faire du bruit
derelict
n. ship abandoned at sea; abandoned property; one who neglects duty, one who is negligent; vagrant, tramp
adj. abandoned, forsaken, neglected
der·e·lict1 /ˈderɪlɪkt/ adj
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: derelictus, past participle of derelinquere ‘to leave something you are responsible for’]
a derelict building or piece of land is in very bad condition because it has not been used for a long time derelict 2
derelict2 n [C]
someone who has no money or home, lives on the streets, and is very dirty - used to show disapproval
متروک ، ترک شده بوسیله مالک یا قیم، بی سرپرست، کشتی متروکه .
n. terkedilmiş mal, sahipsiz mal; gemi enkazı; dışlanmış kimse; ihmalkâr kişi
adj. terkedilmiş, sahipsiz; harabe; ihmalkâr, ihmalci, sorumsuz
n. épave, objet abandonné, traître; épave humaine
adj. abandonné, délaissé, négligé
chock
chock /tʃɔk US tʃɑːk/ n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from an unrecorded Old North French choque]
a block of wood or metal that you put in front of the wheel of a vehicle to prevent it from moving
گوه (goveh)، تکه چوبی که چرخ یا چلیکی را ازغلتیدن بازمیدارد، از حرکت بازداشتن ، (باچوب ) محکم کردن ، محکم، سفت، کیپ.
n. takoz, odun parçası; kızak (gemi), yomalık büyük kurtağzı (gemi)
v. takozla desteklemek, destek koymak; kızağa çekmek
n. cale; chantier; pieu
v. mettre à la cale, caler, comprimer
niche
n. small alcove, recess; good position, place that is suitable for someone or something; function or role of an organism within an ecosystem (Ecology)
niche1 /niːʃ, nɪtʃ US nɪtʃ, niːʃ / n
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: Old French nicher ‘to nest’, from Latin nidus ‘nest’]
[C]
if you find your niche, you find a job or activity that is very suitable for you
Amanda soon found her niche at the club.
He’s managed to create a niche for himself in local politics.
[singular]
an opportunity to sell a product or service to a particular group of people who have similar needs, interests etc
niche in
He spotted a niche in the market .
[C]
a hollow place in a wall, often made to hold a statue niche 2
niche2 adj [only before noun]
relating to selling goods to a particular small group of people who have similar needs, interests etc
niche marketing
a niche market
a niche product
تو رفتگی در دیوار، طاقچه ، توی دیوار گذاشتن .
n. oyuk, uygun yer niche 2
v. oyuğa koymak, uygun bir yere yerleştirmek, işe yerleştirmek
n. niche, alcôve; enfoncement; abri; cavité; bon poste, créneau (marketing); (Ecologie) rôle ou fonction d’un organisme sans écosystème
fling
n. toss, throw; slinging, casting; short period of total indulgence; reprimand, critical remark; attempt, experiment
v. throw; cast; toss, discard; speak sharply or forcefully; involve oneself in an energetic manner; move in an energetic or violent manner
fling1 /flɪŋ/ v past tense and past participle flung /flʌŋ/
[T always + adverb/preposition]
——————————————————————————–
1【throw something】
2【move something】
3【push somebody】
4【move your body】
5【say something】
6 fling something open
7 fling somebody in prison/jail
8 fling yourself into something
9 fling yourself at somebody
Phrasal verbs
fling something⇔off
fling somebody/something⇔out
——————————————————————————–
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: From a Scandinavian language]
【THROW SOMETHING】
to throw something somewhere using a lot of force
fling sth into sth
He flung the box into the river.
People cheered and flung their hats into the air.
【MOVE SOMETHING】
to throw or move something roughly and carelessly
He flung his coat over the back of a chair.
She flung back the covers and got up.
He flung the books aside angrily.
【PUSH SOMEBODY】
to push someone roughly, especially so that they fall to the ground
= throw
He grabbed her arm and flung her to the ground.
【MOVE YOUR BODY】
to move yourself or part of your body quickly, using a lot of force
= throw
He flung himself down on the bed.
She flung her arms round Louise.
【SAY SOMETHING】
to say something to someone in an angry way
= throw fling sth at sb
People were flinging all sorts of accusations at her.
His own words were flung back at him.
fling sth open
to open a door or window roughly, using a lot of force
The door was flung open and Selkirk entered.
fling sb in prison/jail
to put someone in prison, often without having a good reason
Opposition leaders were flung into jail.
fling yourself into sth
to start doing something with a lot of energy
After the divorce he flung himself into his work to forget her.
fling yourself at sb
a) to move suddenly towards someone in order to attack them or hold them
He flung himself at her and snatched the bag.
The children flung themselves at him, squealing with joy.
b) informal to show in a very clear, open way that you want to have a sexual relationship with someone - used to show disapproval
fling off [fling sth⇔off] phr v
to quickly remove a piece of clothing
= tear off
He flung off his coat.
fling out [fling sb/sth⇔out] phr v
to make someone leave a place when they do not want to
= throw out fling somebody/something⇔out of
He was flung out of school for swearing at a teacher.
to get rid of something you no longer want or need
= throw out
If it doesn’t work, just fling it out. fling 2
fling2 n [C usually singular]
a short and not very serious sexual relationship
They had a brief fling a few years ago.
a short period of time during which you enjoy yourself without worrying about anything
He sees this as his final fling before he retires.
پرت کردن ، انداختن ، افکندن ، پرتاب، جفتک پرانی، بیرون دادن ، روانه ساختن .
n. fırlatma, atma, atış, binicisini atma, deneme, atılma, doya doya eğlenme, kurtlarını dökme, İskoç dansı
v. atmak, fırlatmak, savurmak, atılmak, girişmek, fırlamak, ani hareket etmek
n. jet; projection; chapitre de la vie; semonce; expression de mépris; tentative
v. jeter; projeter; attaquer; bondir; semoncer; dévier; se dévouer à
ingenuity
n. skillfulness, cleverness, inventiveness, ingeniousness, resourcefulness
in·ge·nu·i·ty /ˌɪndʒəˈnjuːɪti US -ˈnuː-/ n [U]
skill at inventing things and thinking of new ideas
قوه ابتکار، نبوغ، هوش (اختراعی )، آمادگی برای اختراع، مهارت، استعداد، صفا.
n. marifet, ustalık, beceri, hüner, yaratıcılık
n. ingéniosité; sophistication; ruse; intelligence; astuce; invention
homebody
opp: outdoor person
to be a homebody
e: I am more of a homebody
fritter
n. fried piece of batter (often containing a filling of fruit or meat)
v. waste; be used up, be wasted; break into pieces
frit·ter1 /ˈfrɪtə US -ər/
fritter away [fritter sth⇔away] phr v
to waste time, money, or effort on something small or unimportant
fritter something⇔away on
He frittered away a fortune on fast cars and gambling. fritter 2
fritter2 n [C]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: friture, from Latin frigere; FRY1]
a thin piece of fruit, vegetable, or meat covered with a mixture of eggs and flour and cooked in hot fat
apple/corn/banana etc fritter
کلوچه قیمه دار یا میوه دارکه سرخ کنند، خاگینه گوشت دار، پاره ، خرده ، خردکردن ، قطعه قطعه کردن ، تلف کردن ، هدر کردن .
n. etli ve sebzeli börek
v. boşa harcamak, ziyan etmek, israf etmek, parça parça doğramak
n. un petit morceau, une part; un beignet
v. dépenser, gaspiller; épuiser, se gaspiller; se briser en morceaux
