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GI - mine > IBD > Flashcards

IBD Flashcards

1
Q

what does IBD stand for

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

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2
Q

what two conditions are involved in IBD

A

UC

Crohn’s

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3
Q

what is Crohn’s

A

chronic inflammatory condition of the GI tract

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4
Q

what areas of the GI tract does Crohn’s affect

A

ANYWHERE from mouth to anus

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5
Q

describe the pathology of Crohn’s disease

A

patchy, segmental disease anywhere in the GI tract

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6
Q

what are the causes of Crohn’s disease

A

smoking

failure of the immune system

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7
Q

what is the link between the immune system and Crohn’s

A

Th1 CD4+ T cells and macrophages are constantly activated meaning excess pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced

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8
Q

what are the general symptoms of Crohn’s

A

anaemia
weight loss
bleeding PR

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9
Q

what are the symptoms of Crohn’s associated with the small intestine

A 
abdominal cramps (pri-umbilical)
diarrhoea
obstruction
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10
Q

what are the symptoms of Crohn’s associated with the colon

A 
abdominal cramps (lower abdomen)
bloody diarrhoea
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11
Q

what are the symptoms of Crohn’s associated with the mouth

A

painful ulcers
swollen lips
angular chielitis

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of Crohn’s associated with the anus

A

peri-anal pain

anal abscess

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13
Q

what clinical investigations should be done for Crohn’s

A

PR exam
GI exam
Oral exam
Bloods

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14
Q

what other investigations should be done for Crohn’s

A

colonoscopy + mucosal biopsy

small bowel MRI

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15
Q

what is the treatment of Crohn’s (in order of what should be done first)

A

stop smoking
steroids
imunnosupressive drugs
anti-TNF alpha

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16
Q

what does anti-TNF alpha do

A

promotes apoptosis of activated T-lymphocytes

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17
Q

give examples of immunosuppressive drugs

A

azathioprine
meracaptopurine
methotrexate

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18
Q

what is UC

A

chronic inflammatory disorder

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19
Q

where is UC found

A

rectum and colon, starts at the rectum and moves proximally

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20
Q

what is the genetic cause of UC

A

HLA-DR2

NOD-2

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21
Q

what is the link between the immune system and UC

A

persistent activation of T-cells and macrophages causes excess pro-inflammatory cytokine production leading to bystander damage

22
Q

what are the symptoms of UC

A 
Diarrhoea 
Increased bowel frequency
Urgency and tenesmus
Incontinence 
Night rising 
Mucus and blood PR
Lower abdominal Pain/ cramps
23
Q

what are the non-GI symptoms of UC

A

Eyes: Uveitis
Liver: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Joints: Arthritis, Ank Spondylitis
Skin: Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodusum

24
Q

what is the criteria for SEVERE UC

A

> 6 bloody stool in 24hrs + 1 of the following:

fever
tachycardia
anaemia
elevated ESR

25
Q

what is the treatment of UC (in the order in which they would be given)

A 
5ASA 
steroids
immunosuppressive drugs 
anti-TNF alpha 
surgery = curative
26
Q

give an example of 5ASA

A

mesalazine

27
Q

what are skip lesions associated with

A

Crohn’s

28
Q

what are skip lesions

A

Normal tissue interspersed between inflammation

29
Q

what is transmural inflammation associated with

A

Crohn’s

30
Q

what is toxic megacolon associated with

A

UC

31
Q

what is primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with

A

UC

32
Q

what is granulomas associated with

A

Crohn’s

33
Q

high cancer risk is associated with what

A

UC

34
Q

superficial inflammation only is associated with what

A

UC

35
Q

strictures are common in what

A

Crohn’s

36
Q

fistulae are common in what

A

Crohn’s

37
Q

thicken bowel is associated with what

A

Crohn’s

38
Q

mucosal ulceration is associated with what

A

UC

39
Q

moderate cancer risk is associated with what

A

Crohn’s

40
Q

“thumb-printing” on AXR is caused by what

A

UC

41
Q

how big does the transverse colon have to be to be considered a toxic megacolon

A

> 5.5cm

42
Q

how big does the caecum have to be to be considered a toxic megacolon

A

> 9cm

43
Q

what are pseudopolyps associated with

A

UC

44
Q

what IBD can be cured by surgery

A

UC

45
Q

which IBD can be treated with 5ASA

A

UC

46
Q

which IBD can be treated with smoking cessation

A

Crohn’s

47
Q

what is deep/knife-like inflammation associated with

A

Crohn’s

48
Q

what is eroding fissure associated with

A

Crohn’s

49
Q

“cobble-stone mucosa” is caused by what

A

Crohn’s

50
Q

“crypt abscess” are caused by what

A

UC

51
Q

“goblet cell depletion” is caused by what

A

UC

GI - mine (17 decks)

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