Hepatitis Flashcards
what serology would you find in acute hep B
HBsAG
HBeAG
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBC
what is HBsAG, what does it indicate
hep B surface antigen
indicates hep B infection
what is HBeAG, what does it indicate
hep B e antigen
indicates highly infectious state
what is anti-HBsAg, what does it indicate
antibody to hep B surface antigen
indicates clinical recovery and immunity to hep B virus
what is anti-HBe
antibody to hep B e antigen
what is anti-HBc, what does high levels indicate
antibody to HB core antigen
high levels indicate acute infection
what does anti-HBsAg with no HBsAg indicate
recovery from hep B infection
absence of infection
immunity from future hep B infection
what does HBeAg persisting >10 weeks indicate
chronic carrier state
possibly chronic hepatitis
what serology would you find in an immune individual following hep B infection
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc
Anti-Heb may be present
what serology would you find in an immune individual following immunisation
Anti-HBs
what serology would you find in an individual with ACTIVE chronic hep B
HBsAg
Anti-HBc
HBeAg may be present
Anti-HBe may be present
what serology would you find in an individual who is an inactive carrier of hep B
HBsAg
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBc
what is the most common type of hepatitis
hep A
what is the transmission route of hep A
faecal-oral
what is the incubation period of hep A
short
does hep have a carrier state
no
what are the symptoms of a hep A
acute hepatitis
non-specific symptoms
what causes hep A infection
Ebstein-Barr virus
what investigations would you do to diagnose hepatitis
FBC
serology = Hep A IgM
LFT’s
what would the LFTs show in hep A
raised AST, ALT and bilirubin
how is hep B transmitted
sexually
mother to child
blood (IVDU)
do carriers of hep B exist
yes
what is a common cause of hep B
yellow fever virus
treatment of hep B
adefovir
entecavir
what is the most common hep in UK
hep C
how is hep C transmitted
via blood, maybe sexually
common cause of hep C
herpes simplex virus
symptoms of hep C
asymptomatic
10% = mild flu like symptoms
jaundice
raised ALT
treatment of hep C
interferon alpha
PEG-interferons + ribavirin
wha t is hep D associated with, why?
found with hep B
hep D can’t replicate in its own so must be activated by HBV
how is hep E spread
faecal-oral
zoonoses (via aninmals)
common cause of hep E
cytomegalovirus (found in tropics)
what are the risk factors for auto-immune hepatitis
female
other autoimmune conditions
type 1 autoimmune hepatitis affects who
children and young adults
type 2 autoimmune hepatitis affects who
adults only
clinical presentation of autoimmune hepatitis
normal liver disease symptoms
elevated IgG
treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
azathioprine
prednisone
What would indicate alcoholic hepatitis
recent excess of alcohol
what would indicate chronic drug induced hepatitis
IVDU
what can drug induced hepatitis trigger
autoimmune hepatitis
treatment of hep A
supportive
vaccine
what are the outcomes of hep B
chronic hepatitis
hep D
fulminant acute infection
hepatocellular carcinoma
what pathology would you find in autoimmune hepatitis
piecemeal necrosis
elevated IgG and ASMA
portal hepatitis
what is the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
corticosteroids (acute phase)
add in azathioprine
