Hepatitis

Question 1

what serology would you find in acute hep B

Answer 1

HBsAG
HBeAG
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBC

Question 2

what is HBsAG, what does it indicate

Answer 2

hep B surface antigen

indicates hep B infection

Question 3

what is HBeAG, what does it indicate

Answer 3

hep B e antigen

indicates highly infectious state

Question 4

what is anti-HBsAg, what does it indicate

Answer 4

antibody to hep B surface antigen

indicates clinical recovery and immunity to hep B virus

Question 5

what is anti-HBe

Answer 5

antibody to hep B e antigen

Question 6

what is anti-HBc, what does high levels indicate

Answer 6

antibody to HB core antigen

high levels indicate acute infection

Question 7

what does anti-HBsAg with no HBsAg indicate

Answer 7

recovery from hep B infection
absence of infection
immunity from future hep B infection

Question 8

what does HBeAg persisting >10 weeks indicate

Answer 8

chronic carrier state

possibly chronic hepatitis

Question 9

what serology would you find in an immune individual following hep B infection

Answer 9

Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc
Anti-Heb may be present

Question 10

what serology would you find in an immune individual following immunisation

Answer 10

Anti-HBs

Question 11

what serology would you find in an individual with ACTIVE chronic hep B

Answer 11

HBsAg
Anti-HBc
HBeAg may be present
Anti-HBe may be present

Question 12

what serology would you find in an individual who is an inactive carrier of hep B

Answer 12

HBsAg
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBc

Question 13

what is the most common type of hepatitis

Answer 13

hep A

Question 14

what is the transmission route of hep A

Answer 14

faecal-oral

Question 15

what is the incubation period of hep A

Answer 15

short

Question 16

does hep have a carrier state

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what are the symptoms of a hep A

Answer 17

acute hepatitis

non-specific symptoms

Question 18

what causes hep A infection

Answer 18

Ebstein-Barr virus

Question 19

what investigations would you do to diagnose hepatitis

Answer 19

FBC
serology = Hep A IgM
LFT’s

Question 20

what would the LFTs show in hep A

Answer 20

raised AST, ALT and bilirubin

Question 21

how is hep B transmitted

Answer 21

sexually
mother to child
blood (IVDU)

Question 22

do carriers of hep B exist

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

what is a common cause of hep B

Answer 23

yellow fever virus

Question 24

treatment of hep B

Answer 24

adefovir

entecavir

Question 25

what is the most common hep in UK

Answer 25

hep C

Question 26

how is hep C transmitted

Answer 26

via blood, maybe sexually

Question 27

common cause of hep C

Answer 27

herpes simplex virus

Question 28

symptoms of hep C

Answer 28

asymptomatic 10% = mild flu like symptoms jaundice raised ALT

Question 29

treatment of hep C

Answer 29

interferon alpha | PEG-interferons + ribavirin

Question 30

wha t is hep D associated with, why?

Answer 30

found with hep B | hep D can't replicate in its own so must be activated by HBV

Question 31

how is hep E spread

Answer 31

faecal-oral | zoonoses (via aninmals)

Question 32

common cause of hep E

Answer 32

cytomegalovirus (found in tropics)

Question 33

what are the risk factors for auto-immune hepatitis

Answer 33

female | other autoimmune conditions

Question 34

type 1 autoimmune hepatitis affects who

Answer 34

children and young adults

Question 35

type 2 autoimmune hepatitis affects who

Answer 35

adults only

Question 36

clinical presentation of autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 36

normal liver disease symptoms | elevated IgG

Question 37

treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 37

azathioprine | prednisone

Question 38

What would indicate alcoholic hepatitis

Answer 38

recent excess of alcohol

Question 39

what would indicate chronic drug induced hepatitis

Answer 39

IVDU

Question 40

what can drug induced hepatitis trigger

Answer 40

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 41

treatment of hep A

Answer 41

supportive | vaccine

Question 42

what are the outcomes of hep B

Answer 42

chronic hepatitis hep D fulminant acute infection hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 43

what pathology would you find in autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 43

piecemeal necrosis elevated IgG and ASMA portal hepatitis

Question 44

what is the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 44

corticosteroids (acute phase) | add in azathioprine