Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI - mine > GI cancers > Flashcards

GI cancers Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of oral cancer

A

tobacco
alcohol
HPV
candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

high risk sites for oral cancer

A

Soft , non-keratinising sites:

ventral tongue
floor of mouth
lateral edges of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

red flags for oral cancer

A 
red/white/ red & white lesion
ulcer 
facial numbness
pain
change in voice = dysphonia 
dysphagia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

strange manifestations of oral cancer

A 
drooping eyelid/facial palsy 
fracture of mandible 
double vision
blocked/bleeding nose
facial swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 types of oesophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

adenocarcinoma (AC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cause of oesophageal cancer

A

smoking
male
old age
barrets oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the development of oesophageal cancer

A
  1. normal squamous oesophageal cells
  2. chronic inflammation
  3. barrett’s metaplasia
  4. low grade dysplasia
  5. high grade dysplasia
  6. adenocarcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

investigations of oesophageal cancer

A 
endoscopy
biopsies (minimum 6)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st line investigation for new onset dysphagia >55y

A

endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations are used for staging cancer

A

CT (chest, abdomen, pelvis)

PET-CT - metastases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of SSC oesophageal cancer

A

radical chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment of AC oesophageal cancer

A

if T1a = endoscopic resection
no metastases or co-morbities = oesophagectomy +/- chemo
metastases = palliative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the main cause of gastric cancer

A

H.pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the 3 benign gastric tumours

A

hyperplastic polyps
cystic fundic gland polyps
benign peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the 3 malignant gastric tumours

A

carcinoma = adenocarcinoma
lymphoma = maltoma
gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are gastric lymphomas derived from

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

17
Q

risk factor for gastric cancer

A

pernicious anaemia
partial gastrectomy
menetrier’s disease
H.pylori

18
Q

symptoms of gastric cancer

A 
dyspepsia 
weight loss
anaemia 
mass
recurrent vomiting
19
Q

what is a polyp

A

protrusion above an epithelial surface

20
Q

what is the most common benign poppy in the colorectal area

A

adenoma

21
Q

describe a colorectal adenoma

A

non-invasive

dysplastic = precursor to adenocarcinoma

22
Q

describe the microscopic appearance of a colorectal adenoma

A

tubular, villous, or tubullovillous

23
Q

what is should be done with colorectal adenomas, why?

A

removal via endoscopically or by surgery as they are a precursor to adenocarcinoma

24
Q

risk factors of colorectal cancer

A

red/processed meat
smoking
alcohol
obesity

25
Q

what conditions predispose you to colorectal cancer

A

UC
crohn’s disease
adenomatous polyps

26
Q

what are the genetic factors which cause colorectal cancer

A

FAP

HNPCC

27
Q

what is Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

A

> 100 polyps

28
Q

what is Hereditary Non-Polyposis Coli (HNPCC)

A

<100 polyps

29
Q

GENERAL symptoms of colorectal cancer

A

anaemia
cachexia
lymphadenopathy
weight loss

30
Q

symptoms of colorectal cancer located on L side

A

blood PR
altered bowel habit
obstruction

31
Q

investigations of colorectal cancer

A

sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
faecal occult blood test (FOBT) - screening programme
CT colography

32
Q

describe Dukes staging

A 
A = confined by muscularis propria
B = through the muscular propria
C = metastaised
33
Q

describe TNM staging

A 
T1 = submucosal only 
T2 = into muscle 
T3 = through muscle 
T4 = infiltrated adjacent structures
N0 = No lymph node involvement 
N1 = < 3 nodes involved 
N2 = >3 nodes involved
34
Q

complications of colorectal cancer

A 
obstruction leading to:              1. distension 
2. constipation 
3. pain
4. vomiting 
bleeding
perforation

GI - mine (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions