focal liver lesions Flashcards
what are the benign types of lesion
haemangioma
focal nodular hyperplasia
adenoma
liver cysts
what are the malignant types of lesion
hepatocellular carcinoma
cholangiocarcinoma
hepatoblastoma
metastases
what are the types liver cysts
simple hydatid atypical polycystic liver disease pyogenic/amoebic abscess
what type of lesion is the most common
haemangioma
describe a haemangioma
usually single small, well demarcated capsule
risk factors for haemangioma
female
symptoms of haemangioma
usually asymptomatic
what is a focal nodular hyperplasia
benign nodule formation of normal liver tissue
what is focal nodular hyperplasia associated with
osier-weber-rendu
liver haemangioma
what is the classical presentation of focal nodular hyperplasia
centra scar containing a large artery, radiating branches to the periphery (think of a hub and spoke)
risk factors for focal nodular hyperplasia
young or middle aged woman
what is a liver adenoma
benign neoplasm composed of normal hepatocytes with no portal tract, central veins or bile duct involvement
usually solitary fat containing lesion located in the right lobe
treatment of a liver adenoma in males
surgical excision
weight loss
treatment of liver adenoma in females
<5cm or reducing in size = annual MRI
>5cm or increasing in size = surgical excision
what is a simple liver cyst
liquid collection lined by an epithelium
what is a hydatid cyst
Echinoccocus granulosus (tape worm eggs)
where are hydatid cysts common
Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Middle East and North Africa,
what is the treatment of hydatid cysts
surgery
albendazole
percutaneous drainage
what is polycystic liver disease
embryonic ductal plate malformation of the intrahepatic biliary tree
what is the most common liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhosis and anything that causes it (hep C, hep B, alcohol)
what other type of cancer can affect the liver
cholangiocarcinoma
what type of cholangiocarcinoma is most common
fibrolamellar carcinoma
when does fibrolamellar carcinoma present
5-35yrs
what causes hepatic encephalopathy
severe hepatitis failure which results in a build of NH3 due to failure to detoxify NH3 into urea
what is the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose
antibiotic (neomycin, rifaximin)
increased AFP (alfa fetoprotein) is a buzzword for what
hepatocellular carcinoma
