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GI - mine > Feeding and satiety > Flashcards

Feeding and satiety Flashcards

1
Q

what is the “normal” BMI range

A

18.5-24.9

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2
Q

what is the “underweight” BMI range

A

<18.5

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3
Q

what is the “overweightl” BMI range

A

25-29.9

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4
Q

what is the “obese” BMI range

A

30-39.9

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5
Q

what is the “morbidly obese” BMI range

A

> 40

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6
Q

how is BMI calculated

A

weight in kg / (height in m) squared

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7
Q

functions of fat (3)

A

energy storage
prevention of starvation
energy buffer during illness

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8
Q

how does the CNS influence body weight (3)

A

behaviour = feeding & physical activity
ANS activity = regulates angry expenditure
neuroendocrine system = secretion of hormones

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9
Q

where is the site of integration of feeding behaviour

A

the brain, hypothalamus

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10
Q

injuring the LATERAL hypothalamus causes what

A

leanness

remember = Lateral and Leanness

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11
Q

injuring the VENTROMEDIAL hypothalamus causes what

A

obesity

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12
Q

what is satiation

A

sensation of fullness generated by a meal

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13
Q

what is satiety

A

period of time between termination of one meal and the initiation of another

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14
Q

what is adiposity

A

the state of being obese

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15
Q

what do satiation signals do during a meal why?

A

increase, limit meal size

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16
Q

list examples of satiation signals (5)

A 
Oxyntomodulin (OXM)
Obestatin 
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Peptide YY (PYY3-36)
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
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17
Q

where is cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from

A

enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum and jejunum

18
Q

what does cholecystokinin (CCK) do

A

signals via sensory nerves to the hindbrain and stimulates it

19
Q

when is cholecystokinin (CCK) released

A

released in proportion to lipids and portions in meal

20
Q

where is Peptide YY (PYY3-36) secreted from

A

endocrine mucosal L-cells of the GI tract

21
Q

what does Peptide YY (PYY3-36) do?

A

inhibits gastric motility, slows emptying, and reduces food intake

22
Q

when is Peptide YY (PYY3-36) released

A

post meal

23
Q

where is Oxyntomodulin (OXM) released from

A

oxyntic cells of the small intestine

24
Q

what does Oxyntomodulin (OXM) do

A

acts to suppress appetite (mechanism unknown)

25
Q

when is Oxyntomodulin (OXM)

released

A

post meal

26
Q

where is Obestatin released from

A

cells lining stomach and small intestine

27
Q

what does Obestatin do

A

reduces food intake (mechanism unknown)

28
Q

example of a hunger signal

A

ghrelin

29
Q

where is ghrelin released from

A

oxyntic cells in stomach

30
Q

what does ghrelin do

A

stimulates food intake

31
Q

when is ghrelin released

A

levels increased before meals

32
Q

which two hormones act on hypothalamic neurones (aka “adiposity” signals)

A

leptin

insulin

33
Q

what do leptin and insulin report to the hypothalamus

A

fat status

34
Q

where is leptin made and released from

A

fat cells

35
Q

where is insulin made and released from

A

pancreatic cells

36
Q

why does obesity result in leptin resistance (2 theories)

A
  1. defective leptin transport to brain

2. altered signal transduction following leptin binding to its receptor

37
Q

give an example of a drug treatment for obesity

A

orlistat

38
Q

what is the mechanism of action of orlistat

A

inhibits pancreatic lipase which decreases triglyercide absorption

39
Q

side effects of orlistat

A

cramping

severe diarrhoea

40
Q

what must be co-prescribed with orlistat

A

vitamin supplements

41
Q

what is the preferred therapy for obesity

A

bariatric surgery (aka gastric by-pass surgery)

42
Q

what is the method of action of orlistat

A

lipase inhibitor

GI - mine (17 decks)

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