I - 3 Windows Flashcards
describe windows
windows are used to provide light to the in side of a building and to allow the occupants to see out. they may also be required as fire escapes.
windows that enclose heated space must…
have double pained glass
window frame
composed of side jambs, head jamb and sill
sashes
fits into the window jamb, like a door fits into a door jamb
movable part of window
Windows sizing
sized by width and height. 4 (little0) 3 (little 0) means the window is 4’ by 3’ these sizes are for frames not actual window.
Fixed windows
do not open. only used to let light in. large fixed windows called picture windows. more energy efficient because there is no moving parts or weather stripping.
Sliding windows.
open but are not as effective at ventilating building. they are most economical and very common.
Vinyl - frame sliding windows vs. vinyl - frame casement windows
vinyl framed windows are slightly more airtight meaning a bit more energy efficient.
XOO window
looking from outside. “X” is window that slides to the right and the 00 are the fixed sashes.
Casement windows
open outward and provide excellent ventilation. open sash directs and passing breeze into the building.
XOX means middle sash is fixed and both X windows open dotted lines point to hinge location
awning hung windows
sashes and hinges are on top opening like an awning
hopper hung widnows
sashes are hinged at the bottom and opens inward. these sashes can be on top or bottom of window.
pivoting window.
sash of a pivoting window pivots on two pins at either side of the sash. as the sash pivots the top moves inward and deflects rain
double hung windows
has two sliding sashes that bypass each other vertically. these windows provide excellent ventilation.
Energy efficient windows.
best way to decrease heat loss through windows is to reduce window area. location of windows on south side of building will allow heat gain.
heat loss through window is caused by (4 things)
Conductive heat loss: reduced with thermal breaks and better insulated frame materials
radient heat loss: can be reduced using films such as low E-2
Convection heat loss can be reduced by filling the air space in double or triple glazed glass with heave gas like argon.
air leakage is reduced by using good quality weather stripping
Double glazing
sealed units are installed in all windows that are used to enclose a heated space. this air space provides small amount of insulation from conduction. making space between windows bigger adds to insulation
tripple glazing
additional layer of glass adds to insulation value. tripple glaze is used where thermal pressure is high due to cold winters. more money and way heavier.
Fogging
double and triple glazed windows are sealed at factory using tape and caulking.
double glazed windows on south side of building will void warranty first because sun expands air in units causing them to break down. commercial cleaners also eat away at sealants
reflective films
heat gain is a concern in buildings with large windows. using reflective films will reduce the amount of radiant heat inside building.
Low E and Low E2
associated with reflective films. the terms mea that the film will not let radiant heat waves emit into or from the building. inside the outside pane of low e2 glazed windows is treated with thin layer of metal that reflects the radiant energy.
Low e2 keeps building chill in summer and warm in winter.
Gas fill
heat traveling through pains will cause convection. willing air between pains with heave gas like argon or krypton will slow convection heat loss
weather stripping
major cause of heat loos is letting warm air out and cold air in. weather stripping around windows decreases air movement.
Window frame
holds the sash. two side jambs a head jamb and a sill.
wood window frames
rabbited to accept sash, with of rabbet is the thickness of sash going into usually 1 3/8”
Mullions
if window holds more then one sash,mullion is used to divide. the frame vertically and separate the window into units.
Transom
this is a horizontal member that separates the frame. allows one sash to be placed above another.
sash
is the frame for the glass in the window. vertical members of sash called stiles and horizontal members called tails.
stiles
vertical member of sash
rail
horizontal member of sash
Four light sash
windows with four tiny windows all separated by muntins
wood frames
mostly used in high end residential and heritage work. although visually pleasing and more energy efficient they can be subject to rot, warping
Aluminum and steel
benefits are strength and durability. due to strength of window frame window can span further. energy efficiency is poor unless you use thermal breaks.
thermal breaks
cold metal frames can become wet and produce condensation. BCBC requires that a thermal break of insulating material be incorporated into metal framed windows.
Vinyl and fibreglass windows
frames are divided into multiple sealed air cavities. these trapped air cavities add insulation value and strength to frame.
nail-on flange
nail-on flanges style is common for new construction in western Canada. window is flush with exterior sheathing
inset windows
used when set into an opening. windows are fastened by drilling and screwing through side jambs. moulding and caulkings are used to seal around window.
Commercial frames styles
large expanses of glass are used for high rise or store fronts. frames need to be strong enough to support large glazing units and withstand wind loads.
Maintenance for windows
cleaning is main one
replacing sliding track or lubing up track to make slide easier
Butt hinges
narrow fixed butt hinges are used on exterior windows to allow window to open full for fire escape.
Sliding hinges
used with casement, awning and hopper style. two hinges are used and support the sash at top and bottom or each side. when opened hinge slides along track.
sliding hinges are set in rabbits cut at the top and bottom of sash.
Snubbers
are used midway between the hinges of tall casement windows to prevent bowing.
lifters
used under the latch side of a sagging sash to support the weight when the window is closed.
Latches
used to lock windows and pull sash tight. against weather stripping.
casement operators.
crank handle or telescopic sliding systems
sliding window hardware two main types
rollers and latches
rollers ( sliding window hardware)
the sliding sash travels along a track. the roller system is used to reduce force needed to slide window.
latches ( sliding window hardware)
window latch is typically attached to one window and securely connects to another when closed.
sliding window security devices
popout latches are designed to limid travel of sliding window. prevents window fro sliding open far enough for someone to climb in.
Rollers (patio door hardware)
patio door rollers are designed to carry heavy loads and to last for many openings. mounted in door so that the roller height can be adjusted.
BCBC and windows
Bathrooms, bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, dens , rec rooms, must have ventilation of natural or mechanical. if natural window much be 3ft square
BCBC bedroom windows
cannot be smaller then 3.77 square feet. and needs to open
Delivery of windows
shipped upright with sill down. heavy windows have wood frames attache called sleepers. place windows on floor they will be installed on.
Prepping opening of window.
weather resistant barrier (peel and stick) caulking and building paper.
BCBC requires flashing under window UNLESS
- a 6% or greater sloping sill
- drip edge at least 5 mm past the cladding
- . raised sam on the topside.
Head flashing
Must be installed f projection of roof is less then 4x the vertical distance between the top of window.
flashing musst have
1. extend 50mm vertically under both planes of projection
2. have slope of at least 6%
3. end in a drip edge
4. terminate both sides with at least 25mm high end damn.
weather resistant barrier
many acceptable types of weather resistant barriers consult warranty provider and local building codes.
