H-4 Wall systems Flashcards
Prefab wall panels
built in a shop then shipped to jobsite.
- framed and sheeted
- exterior and interior
-
Advantages of prefab
quick
less waste
Structural insulated panels (SIPs)
made by sandwiching ridged foam insulation between panels of OSB, plywood or cement. this provides a manufactured wall system that includes sheathing, framing, insulation and vapour barrier all in one.
Interior walls
Used to partition buildings into rooms. may ne non load bearing or load bearing. also support floor and or roof loads. can also be blocked for sheer walls
Plumbing walls
thicker interior walls required to accommodate plumbing pipes.
usually constructed by 2x6 or two sets of 2x4 studs on 2x8 or 10 plate.
Sound resistant walls
sound is traveled through walls by sound waves vibrating studs. weaving insulation between studs makes it more sound proof.
Load bearing walls
buildings with hip roofs will often have all exterior walls load bearing while gables may only have two.
these walls need bracing and extra framing this transfers loads down to foundation (load path)
Point loads
concentrated load in one location.
example: where beam or girder truss is supported by wall. needs stud pack to transfer load down to foundation.
Non- load bearing walls
only need to support wall finish and sometimes cabinets
do not need headers and wood size can be reduced
Party walls
wall between two occupancies. can be load or non load bearing
may also be required to have fire rating and sounds transfer.
- to achieve required fire and sound transfer ratings may use alternating studs, concrete blocking or multiple layers of drywall
Shear wall
load bearing walls designed to transfer loads down. designed to act against lateral loads (sidways) caused by wind and seismic activity
Safety when building walls
Air nailing, standing walls, and falling accidentally
Air nailing studs
hold stud flush and put first nail at bottom edge of plate move hand and continue
Lifting walls
Toe nail bottom plate or install kickers on outside edge of wall to hold bottom in place
- extra worker should be available to attach brace
lifting with wall jacks
wall jacks incorporate bracing systems so the wall is fully supported throughout the lift
temporary bracing
once erected, must be braced immediately, fasten new wall to existing wall and brace back to subfloor
two criteria used in determining minimum size and spacing of studs
- studs unsupported height
- Load it will carry
Stud spacing conciderations
2x4 and 2x6 walls typically 16 “OC
except when 2x4 supporting two floor loads 12”OC
2x6 supporting three floors 12”OC
Corner and wall intersection
must provide
- connection of two walls
- backing for drywall
- concealed stud spaces must be insulated before sheathing * with ridged foam insulating, fiber glass can get wet and cause rot
Exterior corners
corner studs (L’s) nailed together prior to construction of wall
Intersections (interior walls to exterior)
party walls use 2x6 L to attach interior wall
use 2x8 L to attach 2x6 interior wall
Door and Window Openings
Rough openings are framed bigger for doors and windows to allow for shimming
R.O for Doors
nominal size of door is door itself. RO is always bigger then door size to allow room for frame (jamb) and sill (threshhold)
Door Frames (jambs)
thickness of frame will vary depending on type of door frame
- exterior doors have solid core making them heavier
usually have 1 1/4 “ rabbeted jamb
- additional 1/4 inches must be added to each side of opening to allow for thicker jambs *needed on thick doors that have 1 1/2 inch rabbit
Clearance for doors
when installing pre hung doors head of jamb is usually 1/8th or 1/4 longer then the door width which gives 1/16 to a 1/4 space on each side
- jambs are shimmed evenly on both sides and top
Shimming space
1/4” on each side of door is adequate.
- is framing is plumb hinge side can be screwed directly into cripple stud with out shims causing 1/2in shim space on latch side
Vertical R.O’s (doors)
- 1/4 inch at top of door jamb allowed
- no shimming at bot but bottom may be needed to shim for level
- thick edge of door sill is usually 1 1/2 inch thick allowance of 1/2 - 3/4” is made for door sweep