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Carpentry Level 2 > H-4 Wall systems > Flashcards

H-4 Wall systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Prefab wall panels

A

built in a shop then shipped to jobsite.
- framed and sheeted
- exterior and interior
-

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2
Q

Advantages of prefab

A

quick

less waste

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3
Q

Structural insulated panels (SIPs)

A

made by sandwiching ridged foam insulation between panels of OSB, plywood or cement. this provides a manufactured wall system that includes sheathing, framing, insulation and vapour barrier all in one.

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4
Q

Interior walls

A

Used to partition buildings into rooms. may ne non load bearing or load bearing. also support floor and or roof loads. can also be blocked for sheer walls

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5
Q

Plumbing walls

A

thicker interior walls required to accommodate plumbing pipes.
usually constructed by 2x6 or two sets of 2x4 studs on 2x8 or 10 plate.

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6
Q

Sound resistant walls

A

sound is traveled through walls by sound waves vibrating studs. weaving insulation between studs makes it more sound proof.

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7
Q

Load bearing walls

A

buildings with hip roofs will often have all exterior walls load bearing while gables may only have two.
these walls need bracing and extra framing this transfers loads down to foundation (load path)

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8
Q

Point loads

A

concentrated load in one location.

example: where beam or girder truss is supported by wall. needs stud pack to transfer load down to foundation.

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9
Q

Non- load bearing walls

A

only need to support wall finish and sometimes cabinets

do not need headers and wood size can be reduced

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10
Q

Party walls

A

wall between two occupancies. can be load or non load bearing
may also be required to have fire rating and sounds transfer.
- to achieve required fire and sound transfer ratings may use alternating studs, concrete blocking or multiple layers of drywall

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11
Q

Shear wall

A

load bearing walls designed to transfer loads down. designed to act against lateral loads (sidways) caused by wind and seismic activity

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12
Q

Safety when building walls

A

Air nailing, standing walls, and falling accidentally

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13
Q

Air nailing studs

A

hold stud flush and put first nail at bottom edge of plate move hand and continue

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14
Q

Lifting walls

A

Toe nail bottom plate or install kickers on outside edge of wall to hold bottom in place
- extra worker should be available to attach brace

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15
Q

lifting with wall jacks

A

wall jacks incorporate bracing systems so the wall is fully supported throughout the lift

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16
Q

temporary bracing

A

once erected, must be braced immediately, fasten new wall to existing wall and brace back to subfloor

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17
Q

two criteria used in determining minimum size and spacing of studs

A
  • studs unsupported height

- Load it will carry

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18
Q

Stud spacing conciderations

A

2x4 and 2x6 walls typically 16 “OC

except when 2x4 supporting two floor loads 12”OC
2x6 supporting three floors 12”OC

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19
Q

Corner and wall intersection

A

must provide

  • connection of two walls
  • backing for drywall
  • concealed stud spaces must be insulated before sheathing * with ridged foam insulating, fiber glass can get wet and cause rot
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20
Q

Exterior corners

A

corner studs (L’s) nailed together prior to construction of wall

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21
Q

Intersections (interior walls to exterior)

A

party walls use 2x6 L to attach interior wall

use 2x8 L to attach 2x6 interior wall

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22
Q

Door and Window Openings

A

Rough openings are framed bigger for doors and windows to allow for shimming

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23
Q

R.O for Doors

A

nominal size of door is door itself. RO is always bigger then door size to allow room for frame (jamb) and sill (threshhold)

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24
Q

Door Frames (jambs)

A

thickness of frame will vary depending on type of door frame
- exterior doors have solid core making them heavier
usually have 1 1/4 “ rabbeted jamb

  • additional 1/4 inches must be added to each side of opening to allow for thicker jambs *needed on thick doors that have 1 1/2 inch rabbit
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25
Q

Clearance for doors

A

when installing pre hung doors head of jamb is usually 1/8th or 1/4 longer then the door width which gives 1/16 to a 1/4 space on each side
- jambs are shimmed evenly on both sides and top

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26
Q

Shimming space

A

1/4” on each side of door is adequate.
- is framing is plumb hinge side can be screwed directly into cripple stud with out shims causing 1/2in shim space on latch side

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27
Q

Vertical R.O’s (doors)

A
  • 1/4 inch at top of door jamb allowed
  • no shimming at bot but bottom may be needed to shim for level
  • thick edge of door sill is usually 1 1/2 inch thick allowance of 1/2 - 3/4” is made for door sweep
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28
Q

Inswing interior door allowance

A

add 2” for width

add 3 1/2” or height

29
Q

Outswing exterior door allowance

A

add 2 “ for width

add 2 1/2” for height

30
Q

Double inswing doors allowance

A

add 2” plus width of combined doors
add 3 1/2” to height of door
* check with manufacture

31
Q

In swing door with sidelite allowance

A

check manufacture

32
Q

garage door allowcance

A

On-size (nominal size of door)

33
Q

Sliding patio door allowance

A

On-size (nominal size of door)

34
Q

Lintel sizes

A
  • often referred to as headers
  • depth of lintel depends on width of opening and load supported by lintel
  • usually 2x10 lintles are used for exterior walls
35
Q

end bearing of lintels

A
  • 3m or less in length require 1 1/2 inches of end bearing

- over 3m require 3” end bearing

36
Q

Openings for windows

A
  • similar to openings for doors except wall is framed under
  • opening is framed to windows nominal size
  • 4’ x 3’ window is frame 48 wide by 36 high
37
Q

PETS

A

precision end trimmed studs

  • made to make wall framing easier
  • made for 8’ , 9’ and 10’ ceilings
  • use single bottom plate and double top plate all at 1.5” width
  • PETS are 4.5” shorter then framed wall height
  • typically 92 1/4 for 8’ wall
38
Q

calculating stud length

A 
desired ceiling height is 103" 
3/4" ceiling finish (plaster)
finished floor thickness is 1" 
underlay for subfloor is 3/8" thick 
OVERALL WALL HEIGHT : 103 + 3/4 + 1 + 3/8= 105 1/8"

stud legnth is
105 1/8 - 4 1/2 = 100 5/8

39
Q

Sheathing exterior walls provides

A

support for exterior finish and structural bracing for wall against other loads

40
Q

lumber sheathing

A
  • made from sawn boards
  • usually 2x8 or 2x10 boards that have been resawn to 3/4 inch thick
  • normally installs when wall is standing
41
Q

two advantages of Lumber sheathing

A
  • if installed after walls are standing, it can be installed in continuous boards from the foundation over the floor levels to the roof level. provides best bracing
  • usually shrink allowing 1/4” to 1/2” gaps allowing for good ventilation
42
Q

panal type sheathing

A

plywood, OSB, fiber board and gypsum generally applied to framed walls in horizontal rowns breaking up joints

requires 2mm gap between sheet

special 9’ sheets are available for interior sheeting finish

43
Q

Pocket doors

A

door that opens by sliding into a wall (usually used in bathrooms)

  • RO for width is 2” winder then door widthx2
  • RO for height is normally 84” but check this`
44
Q

Bifold doors

A

Normally framed into wall differently. sides are wrapped in drywall called drywall return.
- RO is 1 1/2” wider to accommodate drywall return
- RO is 80” + finish at top or wall and floor finish
ex : 80” + 5/8” + 3/4” = 81 3/8”

45
Q

bypassing doors

A

set of sliding doors most often used for closets

hung on track and slid over one another

46
Q

backing

A

required to facilitate installation of finishes, fixtures and equipment

47
Q

backing for fixtures

A

plumbing: check with plumber to see where backing is needed for plumbing fixtures
electrical: some heavy fixtures require supports to be placed into wall or ceiling. check with electritian

towel bars and toilet paper holders: towel bars generally located 42” from floor. installing 2x6 row of blocking 42inches from floor in bathrooms makes it easy. toilet paper normally 24” off grund and 36 “ from back wall

48
Q

toilet tub assists bars

A

require very strong support. use minimum of 2x8 blocks secure them to studs with three nails on each end 31/4) made from doug fur

49
Q

Drapery rods

A

add 2x10 blocks to each side of window opening 48 OC for windows wider then 4’

50
Q

calculating exterior wall length

A

add up exterior wall lengths

51
Q

calculating inter wall lengths

A

add up interior wall lengths

52
Q

calculating plates

A
  • normally one bottom plate and two top plates

take total length needed and multiply by 3

53
Q

quick method for calculating studs

A

16 / stud spacing X wall legnth is feet = number of studs needed

100 feet of exterior walls spaced at 12” oc is…
16 / 12 x 100 = 133 studs

100 feet spaced 24” oc is…
16/ 24 x 100= 67 studs

54
Q

Raked walls

A

-two side walls are framed
- then short middle wall is frame and stood
- 2 raked wall is either framed on ground or in place
calculate all lengths of studs and plates needed individually

55
Q

lintles

A

needed 1.5 inch on both sides (+3) inches for under 3m

above 3m need three inches on each side (+6 iches)
apply this to list of windows depending on size to determine how mane 2 ply 2x10 you need

56
Q

wall sheathing calculations

A

use exterior wall length to calculate amount of wall sheathing
surface area : total legnth of walls x height of walls

120 feet of wall at 8 ‘ high is…

120’x8’= 960 square feet

one board of plywood is 4x8= 32 square feet

960 / 32= 30 sheets of ply to sheet

57
Q

storey pole

A

piece of wood slightly longer then height of wall with dimensions of every member of wall laid out on side

58
Q

wall plate layout

A

lay out all openings with cripple and jacks then lay out studs

59
Q

windows and door layout on plate

A

laid out by marking centre of opening and measuring half of the RO on either side.

60
Q

lay out partition walls

A

mark location of centre of intersecting partition wall then measure half the width in both directions

61
Q

common stud layout

A

laid out so that sheeting will extend to outside corners and land on studs

62
Q

layout on edge

A

lay out both top and bottom plate while using a square tak two plates together before doing so

63
Q

fastening requirements of walls

A

most common nail is 3 1/4

64
Q

squaring walls

A

check diagonals when on the ground then sheet.

level when their standing

65
Q

overlapping sheathing on walls

A

leave 5 1/2 inches back to allow for laps of walls also do this vertically for sheathing to second floor or roof trusses.

66
Q

overlapp sheathing in lintles

A

ned to be nailed at plate, no joints in corners of openings and double row of nails in lintel

67
Q

erecting walls

A

once sheeted walls can be lifted into place, install kickers so wall cant slide off back of floor OR toenail bottom plate to subfloor or both.

68
Q

bracing walls

A

once stood brace immediately for safety.

tie new standing wall to existing wall and also brace back to floor

69
Q

straightening walls (three block method)

A

a string line and three equal blocks used to straighten wall. attach one at each en of wall string line to make sure its tight. user third block to check space of line. then brace wall to position that is straight.

Carpentry Level 2 (20 decks)

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