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Carpentry Level 2 > H-5 Stairs > Flashcards

H-5 Stairs Flashcards

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1
Q

Mouldings

A

used to trim under nosing to finish stairs cove or crown mouldings normally used

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2
Q

balustrade or banister

A

complete unit of newel posts, handrail, balusters and buttress cap used to protect open side of staircases

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3
Q

Balusters

A

small uprights under the handrail that close in the open side of the stairs for safety

building code requires balusters to be spaced such that a 4” diameter object cannot fit through it.

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4
Q

handrail

A

form the rail between newel posts

  • meterial used must be graspable
  • must be at least 2” clearance between handrail and wall
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5
Q

buttress or string cap

A

used under balusters also called shoe rails or base rails

shaped to take the end of the baluster and are used in railings at the landings or on top of the stringers.

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6
Q

filits

A

shaped to fit between balusters under the handrail and on top of buttress cap

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7
Q

Newel Posts

A

are the main supporting the balustrade

  • starting newel used at bottom
  • angel newel used at turn of stair
  • landing newel used at top
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8
Q

anchorage

A

important to anchor posts securely in place. to support weight of people always grabbing them, starting newel should be extended through floor and securely blocked

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9
Q

total rise

A

vertical distance from finished floor to finished floor

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10
Q

total run

A

total horizontal distance of face of bottom riser to face of top riser

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11
Q

nosing line

A

imaginary line drawn above top edge of nosing

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12
Q

Headroom

A

vertical distance from nosing line to underside of floor above

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13
Q

finished opening

A

horizontal distance from edge of the nosing at the upper landing to the opening edge of the finish at the other end of the stairwell

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14
Q

stairwell

A

opening in floor for stairs

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15
Q

stringer

A

support for treads and risers BCBC requires to have effective depth of 90mm (3.5”) and overall depth no less then 235mm 9 1/4”

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16
Q

rise

A

vertical distance from one step to the next

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17
Q

run

A

horizontal distance from one step to next

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18
Q

tread

A

horizontal board that forms step. tread depth is sum of run plus nosing

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19
Q

riser

A

vertical board placed between treads.

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20
Q

stringer support board

A

also knows as hanger board, usually 19mm thick plywood nailed or screwed to the stringer and header of stairwell opening.

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21
Q

nosing

A

projection of tread beyond face of riser board.
- BCBC requires maximum extensions of 25mm (1”)
- must be chamfered or rounded
-

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22
Q

nosing returns

A

when stringer and riser have both been miter. exposed end of tread is shaped in the same way as the front nosing.

23
Q

open stairs

A

have one or both sides open to a room or hallway. all open stairs have balustrade

24
Q

closed stairs

A

enclosed on both sides of stairway, handrail is attached to wall

25
Q

narrow U stairs

A

have two flights of stairs running opposite directions with a landing at the midway point.

26
Q

Wide U stairs

A

have three flights of stairs separated by two landings has open centre that allows light to pass through.

27
Q

long L stairs

A

consists of straight flight, with two or three treads at the top or bottom at right angle to main stairs .

28
Q

Wide L stairs

A

consist of two straight flights at right angles to each other, with landing or winders at the change of direction

29
Q

double L stairs

A

straight flight with two or three treads at right angles to the main stairs.

30
Q

quarter turn stairs

A

stairs continue through corners

31
Q

landings

A

used to change direction of stairs or break up total rise

- BCBC requires landings every 3.7 m vertically

32
Q

Service stair

A

Used to access only service rooms or spaces. (attic or mechanical rooms) cannot access any living space.

33
Q

Private stairs

A

are interior stairs within a dwelling unit (residence) or exterior stair serving a single dwelling unit.

34
Q

public stairs

A

all stairs not described as service or private stairs. public stairs include stairs in schools, parkades and other public buildings. need to be easy to use. PART THREE BCBC

35
Q

minimum rise for private ad public stairs according to BCBC

A

public: max 180mm (7”) min 125 (5”)
private: max 200 (8”) min: 125mm (5”)

36
Q

minimum run and tread depth for public and private stairs

A

public max run: no limit min:280mm.
tred depth public: max: no limit min: 820

Private max run: 355 min: 210
private tread depth: max: 355 min:235

37
Q

Lubmer stringers

A

must be at least 225mm wide (9 1/4”) and have effective depth after cutting out rise and run of at least 90mm (3.5”) but be supported and secured at both top and bottom.

38
Q

max spacing of stringers

A

2’ OC for public stairs

3’ for stairs serving single dwelling units

39
Q

Landings

A
  • used to change directions in stairs
  • or to break up total rise to create shorter flights of stairs
    BCBC allows max total rise between landings to be 3.7 meters OR 2.4 meters for group B occupancy (hospitals etc…)
40
Q

stairway widths

A

Minimum stairway widths are found in part three of BCBC. determined by the type of occupancy and the occupant load when the stairway serves as part of exit.

41
Q

headroom

A

minimum headroom is measured vertically from nosing line to bottom of finished opening floor. must be at least 1950mm (77”) within dwelling units and 2050mm (80”) for all other stairs

42
Q

Exterior concrete stairs

A

with more then two risers and two treads stairs must be supported on proper foundations that extend to firm bearing below frost heave. or hang stairs off main foundation wall as long as its 200mm thick (8”)

43
Q

Guards for handrails code

A

are set at least 1070mm (42”) above landing surface 920mm (36”) above nosing line.guards must not be able to fit babies heads (100mm or 4”)

44
Q

handrails codes

A

required for all stairs more then two risers ( interior) and more then three exterior

45
Q

Unit of bridge

A

hypotenuse of rise and run triangle. used to calculate stringer depth

46
Q

Desired rise

A

use 7”

47
Q

how to find total number of risers

A

total rise divided by the desired rise

- then round off because you cannot have partial step 
Example:
total rise= 2650mm
desired rise = 180mm
2650/180= 14 .72 risers OR 15 risers
48
Q

Calculating actual Rise

A

take total number of risers and divid by the total rise

Ex 2650/15=176.67mm or 177

49
Q

Stair proportioning formula

A

three different formulas

  • rise plus run = 17-18”
  • twice the rise plus run = 24-25”
  • rise times r un = 77

USE FIRST ONE

50
Q

preferred angle of stairs

A

in between 30°-35°

10 and 7 stair has 35°

51
Q

Calculating run

A

using proportion rules the run can be calculated
- rise plus run = 450mm

rise= 177

177 + X=450

X=450-177
X(run)= 273mm

52
Q

stairwell rough opening

A

must be calculated before framing the opening in the floor. the length of the rough opening is dependent on the headroom required, floor thickness, and rise and run

rise and run triangle is proportionate to headroom opening triangles .

calculate rise and run then know headroom and floor thickness then finished opening can be calculated

53
Q

calculate stairwell rough opening

A

RO = run/rise x (headroom+floorthickness) + 75mm

54
Q

Calculating stringer length

A

three methods

  1. multiply unit of bridge by number of treads
  2. multiply unit of bridge by number of rises
  3. number of linerier feet of stringer is equal to the number of treads (allow extra foot)

Carpentry Level 2 (20 decks)

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