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Carpentry Level 2 > I-1 Roofing Materials > Flashcards

I-1 Roofing Materials Flashcards

1
Q

true of false decks or open areas should be treated as roofs

A

TRUE

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2
Q

slope of roof and roofing materials

A

flat roofs 1.5:12 - 2:12
low slope 2:12 - 4:12
conventional-slope 4:12 - 9:12
steep slope roofs steeper then 9:12

torch on can be used on all
ashphault used on 4:12 and up
metal 3:12 and up
slate tile and concrete tile used on steep roofs 6:12 and up

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3
Q

Fire rating class A roofing material

A

the most fire resistant class and should be used in areas where wild fire is prone. includes fibreglass asphalt shingles, metal, clay and concrete roofing.

  • treated shakes have fire rating A if installed over fire resistant material
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4
Q

Fire rating class B roofing materials

A

includes fire retardent treated wood shakes that are not installed over a fire-barrier material and some asphalt shingles

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5
Q

Fire rating class C roofing materials

A

the least fire resistant type of roofing material. includes some asphalt shingles that have organic fibre base, non treated wood shakes and shingles.

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6
Q

Asphalt shingles

A

one of the most common in north america due to low cost and long life expectancy. com ein many sizes and can be installed on low slope roofs with certian application or any other roof normally.

mae up of 1m (39”) with and exposure of 5.5”. each course is glued to the previous course with a factory-applied strip of asphalt adhesive

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7
Q

three-tab shingles

A

three tab square butt shingles were very common for years. lost popularity due to laminate shingles

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8
Q

Laminated shingles

A

most asphalt shingles are made with multiple lamination. these shingles give a rough appearance that look like cedar shingle roofs. also knows as architectural shingles.

use base mat material made of organic fiber glass. then covered with mineral or ceramic material to block UV

Square of asphalt materials will cover approximately 9.3m2of roof

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9
Q

Wood roof coverings

A

cedar is most popular
heartwood is used because its water resistant
sapwood should not be used for roofing

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10
Q

difference between cedar shakes and shingles

A

shingles are sawn on both surfaces while shakes are split on one or both surfaces.

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11
Q

cedar shingles

A

can be installed on slopes 3:12 and steeper. exposure length is based on the roof slope, shingle length and shingle grade

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12
Q

No. 1 Shingles

A

top grade shingles used for roofs and sidewalls. are 100% heartwood 100% clear and 1005 edge grain. identified by blue lable

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13
Q

No. 2 Shingles

A

these shingles meet BCBC. due to flat grain they warp and twist over time giving the roof an un level surface.
require no nots 250mm from bottom of 400mm long shingles. identified by red label

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14
Q

No 3. shingles

A

these are not aloud to be used as roofing materials. only for sidewall applications. black label

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15
Q

built-up and membrane roofing

A

commonly used for low slopes roofs and flat roofs. the minimum allowable slope is 1:50 (1/4”:12)

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16
Q

Built-up Roofing

A

known as “hot tar and gravel” consists of three layers of roofing felt, mopped with hot tar (bitumen), between layers and covered with layer of hot tar. in many cases a layer of pea gravel is spread out ontop to provide UV protection

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17
Q

Membrane roofing

A

comes in rolled sheets and is most common for flat roofing and low slope roofs (JCC HOUSES) it is rolled out with overlapping seams and fused together by heat. flexible and easy to use

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18
Q

three main types of membrane roofing

A
  1. thermoset: seams are chemically crosslinked and vulcanized
  2. thermoplastic (PVC sheet vinyl and other plastics): seams are bonded together with heat or solvents.
  3. modified bitumen (torch on or torch down): large flame throwing torch is used to melt the seams together and to adhere the product to the roof sheathing.

normally three layer felt, torch on, and cap layer

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19
Q

Roll roofing

A

inexpensive product that is normally used for sheds and temporary buildings. has short life span and forms wrinkles over time.

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20
Q

Metal roof coverings

A

coated steel roofs are lightweight and non flammable and resistant to moss buildup. disadvantages are scratching denting

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21
Q

Sheet metal roofing

A

finished are baked enamel or vinyl plastic. aluminum, copper, and stainless steel are available but not often used.
usually bend into shape to make stronger so they can span to supports.

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22
Q

exposed screw sheet metal roofs

A

use exposed screw with neoprene washers. creates finished product with hundreds of little holes

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23
Q

hidden fastener sheet metal

A

“standing seam” consists of flat sheets that are less then 2’ wide. overlapped and edges interlock (pro lock). fasteners are hidden

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24
Q

Metal shingles

A

made in many profiles an colours. manufactured in strips similar in size to three tab shingles. lightweight and last twice as long.

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25
Q

tile and slate

A

long lasting roofing material made from clay, concrete or slate. because they are heavy the roof must be built up to hold. BCBC required min slope of 6:12

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26
Q

Clay tiles

A

long lasting roofing material often specified for architectural reasons. often known as traditional overlapping barrel shape. formed with special nail holes at the top. leaks are hard to fid and hard to fix

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27
Q

Concrete tiles

A

finished these tiles usually made from baked enamel. usually barrel shaped and cut with diamond tipped saw.

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28
Q

Slate

A

natural stone that can be shaped into tile like flat sheets. drilled holes are made for nailing. with right fasteners can last 80-100 years

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29
Q

Green roofs

A

constructed with membrane-type roofing covered wit root barrier. then drainage layer mat of gravel and topped with soil then grass is planted

30
Q

solar photovoltaic shingle roofing

A

act as both roofing and solar electricity producer. very thin and flexible and can be intergraded with asphalt shingles

31
Q

roofing felt

A

most roofing felt types come in 36” rolls .
decay on wood shingles happens on the underside first. wood shakes require a perforated paper underlay. this breathing type of underlay gives shingle ability to dissipate moisture.

32
Q

Eave protection

A

this can be the coldest part of roof during freezing weather. snow can remain frozen o exposed eave, snow over living space will melt and cause ice. ice dam at eve can cause water back up and leaks.

BCBC requires shingle, shake and tile roofing have eaves protection that extends 3 feet up the slope to a line not less the 1 foot beyond the inside faec of the exterior wall.

33
Q

eave protection required when

A
  • overheated garages, porches and carports
  • when roofing overhang is more then 3’ along slope of interior wall
  • roofs with slope greater then 8:14
  • in regions with 3500 in fewer degree days
34
Q

Flashing

A

roofing requires flashing at intersections and sometimes drop edge to protect lowest edge of roof. intersections include valleys, where roofs meet walls around skylights and chimneys

35
Q

materials for flashing

A

usually made from metals that must be able to be bent and resist weather

36
Q

Lead and copper flashing

A

both very flexible and resistant to weather. both very expensive. used when flashing must last indefinitely.

lead: very flexible and can be moulded by hand
copper: requires machine bending

37
Q

aluminum flashing

A

not recommended, too light and easily eroded by salt air

38
Q

steel flashing

A

most cost effective and will last long as most common roofing materials. usually galvanized or enamel coated.

39
Q

flashing roof openings

A

when skylights are installed all four sides must be flashed. the downslope is the base flashing, sides are flashed with step flashing and top of opening is flashed with back pan.

40
Q

Vally flashing

A

used when open valley is built. minimum width of valley flashing is 24”.centre of valley flashing is bent so water will run down it.

some shingles do not require valley flashing but underlay prep must be installed up valley vertically.

41
Q

Roof vents

A

attic spaces must be ventilated to prevent moisture damage ad reduce heat build up during summer months. this is done by soffit vents.

roof vents are made from plastic or metal. screened to prevent insects.

42
Q

plumbing vents

A

the buildings waste plumbing is required to be vented, and this stack pipe will normally pass through the roof. at least one vent is required at at least 3”

43
Q

hidden gutters

A

inside hidden gutters are finished with torch on roofing membrane. butter must be large enough to catch water and be sloped towards drain.

44
Q

scuppers

A

flat roofs often use scuppers instead of eaves troves. a curb wall is made and cant strip installed. openings in this wall will drain into a box connected to a downspout.

45
Q

Sloped insulation package

A

flat roofs are not completely flat. must have slope of 1:50. to achieve this sometimes tapers are installed on roofing sheathing.

46
Q

safety concerns of roofing

A 
heights
getting materials on roofs
heat stroke 
falls through skylight 
rooftop vents exposing fumes 
torches
47
Q

using ladders to access roof

A
  • rest ladder on firm level base
  • ladder must go 3” above surface
  • do not stand on two top rungs
  • 4 vert 1 horizontal slope
  • do not exceed ladders weight rating
  • do not climb ladder with material or tools
  • three point contact with ladder
48
Q

Working at heights

A

fall protection at 10’ or more.

49
Q

acceptable fall protection of roofs no greater then 4:12

A
  • guardrails
  • personal fall protection
  • safety nets
  • controle zone
  • safety monitor system
50
Q

acceptable fall protection on roofs greater then 4:12

A

guard rails
personal fall protection
safety nets

51
Q

Guardrails

A
  • 40-44” above work surfaces
  • top rail mid rail and toe board
  • must resist 57kg of horizontal load
  • ## supported by uprights 8-10’ apart
52
Q

fall restraint system

A

allows workers to travel far enough to reach unprotected edges.
consists of harness and components (d ring, lifeline, lanyard, rope grab anchor).

anchor must be able to resist weight of 4x the weight of worker

53
Q

controle zone

A

are between an ungraded edge of a building or structure and a line that is set back a specific distance. controle zone must be sloped no steeper then 4:12 and be non slippery. no workers permitted in this zone.

54
Q

Safety monitor

A

a trained worker designated to monitor activities in a control zone. must be

  • experienced in work overseen and trained
  • be present at all times workers are in control zone
  • engage in no other duties when active as safety monitor.
  • must have clear continuous view of worker at all times.
55
Q

lanyards

A

rope grab and lanyard should be rigged to allow maximum free fall of 4’.

  • never tie knots in lanyard
  • never store around chemicals or shark objects
  • do not leave in direct sunlight for too long
  • inspect lanyard before use
56
Q

rope grabs

A

used to connect lanyard to lifeline. lock when pulled tightly. designed for specific life lines and must be attached in correct direction or will not engage. check all connecting devices for

  • rust
  • bends
  • cracking
  • deformation
  • singes of wear
57
Q

shock absorbing devices

A

reduce impact of lifeline stopping a fall. required if wire rope lanyard is used. when used freefall limit can be increased to 6.5’

58
Q

three types of lifeline

A

vertical, horizontal and retractable

59
Q

vertical life lines

A
  • CSA approved
  • withstand 6000 lbs of force
  • made from synthetic wire rope
  • no knots
  • be secured to anchor that can hold 5000 lbs
  • only one worker attached
  • extend 4’ off the ground
60
Q

horizontal lifelines

A
  • provide minimum 800lbs of suport for worker
  • have breaking strength of 20 000 lbs
  • made from 1/2” diameter wire rope or larger
  • be free of knots and splices
  • be secure to anchor that can hold 16 000lbs
  • have span of 20’ but less then 60’
61
Q

retractable lifeline

A

lifeline that is spooled on a retracting device and attached to adequate anchor.

  • located above worker
  • unwinds at workers normal moments
  • lock in quick movements
62
Q

snaphook

A

connects lanyard to rope grab or harness. must be self locking mechanism

63
Q

carabiner

A

designed to remain closed under twist loads. can be used instead of snap hook.

64
Q

anchor system

A

three types

  • designed fixed supports
  • temporary fixed supports
  • existing structural features
65
Q

designed fixed support

A

load rated anchors specifically designed for fall protection purposes. permanently installed on integral parts of building or structure.

66
Q

temporary fixed supports

A

designed to be connected to the structure following specific installation instructions.

67
Q

existing structural features

A

not designed as anchor points but a pro engineer or competent person has verified as adequate for that purpose. concrete columns, steel components etc…

68
Q

pendulem efect

A

keep anchor and lifeline perpendicular to worker to reduce swinging if fall.

69
Q

bottoming out

A

occurs hen worker hits lower level, the ground or some other hazard before fall arrest works. this happens when the total distance allowed by system is greater then that of distance to obstacle or ground.

70
Q

maintenance of fall arrest

A
  • inspected by qualified person
  • kept dry and away from substances
  • maintained in good working order
71
Q

Emergency rescue plan

A

employer must provide written rescue plans. worker must be briefed on this procedure along with anyone else on site.

Carpentry Level 2 (20 decks)

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