D-2 Surveying

Question 1

Level Transit

Answer 1

have full horizontal circle and partial vertical circle

vertical circle allows readings to and angle of 45 degrees

Question 2

Transit

Answer 2

Transits have full horizontal and vertical circles., allowing full 360 degree reading. scales are equipped with and accurate vernier that can read to accuracy of one minute arc or less

Question 3

Theodolite

Answer 3

have full horizontal and vertical circle. scale to measure angles uses a micro-adjustment technique that allows reading to be very accurate. up to one second of arc

Question 4

Electronic Theodolite

Answer 4

have no scales to read at all. all angles displayed on LCD screen.

Question 5

Level Transit (tool)

Answer 5

• used for both levelling and angle measurement.
• telescope level bubble and plate level bubble
• not popular due to inaccuracy

Question 6

Open faced transit level

Answer 6

• called open face because horizontal and vertical circles are visible from the outside of the instrument.
• magnifying glass is needed to see fine graduations in vernier
• use horizontal and vertical circles to measure angles

Question 7

Closed face transit level

Answer 7

• use vernier scale to read angle measurements

- eyepiece is used to read angle measurements

Question 8

Electric Theodolite

Answer 8

• use LCD screen to display all angular measurements
• Horizontal angles in degrees minutes and seconds
• vertical angles in degrees minutes and seconds or percentage of slope

Question 9

telescope eyepiece (transit)

Answer 9

eyepiece you look into. can be tuned clockwise and counter clockwise to focus crosshairs.

Question 10

Telescope objective lens (transit)

Answer 10

opposite end from eye piece. main magnifying agent in telescope

Question 11

Fisheye bubble(transit)

Answer 11

small level vial used to level instrument

Question 12

Peep sight (transit)

Answer 12

small tube or markings on top of telescope used to roughly aim telescope at the target.

Question 13

Telescope Level Vial (transit)

Answer 13

used to level telescope barrel accurately. must be perfectly level if transit is being used to level

Question 14

Plate level vial (transit)

Answer 14

used to set plate level in all directions

Question 15

Vertical circle Tangent screw(transit)

Answer 15

used for fine adjustment of telescope up or down.

Question 16

Upper tangent screw(transit)

Answer 16

used to make the fine adjustment of telescope relative to horizontal circle. Locked by Upper clamp

Question 17

Lower tangent screw(transit)

Answer 17

used to make fine adjustments to telescope relative to ground. Locked by Lower clamp

Question 18

Horizontal circle(transit)

Answer 18

graduated protractor used to make horizontal angle measurements.

Question 19

Vernier scale(transit)

Answer 19

Used to determine the circle readings to a finer degree then main circle.

Question 20

Vertical circle (transit)

Answer 20

graduated ring used to measure vertical angles. only has one tangent crew and one clamp.

Question 21

Horizontal Circle Eyepiece (transit)

Answer 21

used with closed faced transits to view horizontal circle

Question 22

Horizontal circle illumination window(transit)

Answer 22

allows light into the interior of instrument so readings of horizontal circle can be made.

Question 23

Vertical Circle eyepiece(transit)

Answer 23

allows readings to be taken on vertical circle. turning eyepiece will focus readings on graduation of vertical circle

Question 24

Compass(transit)

Answer 24

Used to locate magnetic north. not used in building layout. used in property lines

Question 25

magnetic declination

Answer 25

angle between true north and magnetic north.

Question 26

Angle reading eyepiece (theo)

Answer 26

Allows operator to view horizontal and vertical circles to make readings. both made through same eyepiece

Question 27

Light reflector(theo)

Answer 27

Small metal mirror that reflects light into the interior of instrument so readings can be taken

Question 28

alidade clamp(theo)

Answer 28

Used to hold the theodolite to its base. purpose is to allow level to be removed easily without disrupting base.

Question 29

Angle readings

Answer 29

Degrees , Minuets (‘) , seconds (“)

Question 30

Electronic Distance Meter (EDM)

Answer 30

can accurately measure distances up to 7000 meters.

Question 31

Sexagesimal system

Answer 31

using base of 60. system of angular measurements full circle divided into 360 degrees. each degree into 60 minutes each minute into 60 seconds

Question 32

Supplementary angles

Answer 32

angles that add up to 180 degrees.

Question 33

Complimentary angles

Answer 33

angles that add up to 90

Question 34

Representing angles as Decimals

Answer 34

1. Divide seconds by 60
2. Add minutes and Divide by 60
3. add the degrees.

eg 138° 20’ 11”

1. 11/60 = 0.1833
2. 0.1833 + 20 = 20.1833 / 60 = 0.3363
3. 138.3363°

Question 35

Converting from Decimals to DMS

Answer 35

1. record whole degree
2. multiply decimal portion by 60
3. multiple decimal portion from step 2 by 60

Question 36

Triangles

Answer 36

Sum of all three interior angles adds up to 180°

Question 37

Right angle triangle

Answer 37

one interior angle is 90°

Question 38

Pythagorean Teorem

Answer 38

A2 + B2 = C2

Question 39

Trigonometry

Answer 39

deals with lengths of the sides and measurements of the angles that for a right triangle. expressed by three basic ratios “sine” , “Cosine” and “Tangent”

Question 40

Calculating heights (transit)

Answer 40

vertical circle will read zero when telescope is set at level.

Question 41

Zenith

Answer 41

vertical extension of plumb line of below the instrument to the top reading 0°0’0”