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FF4 Exam 2 > Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the nuclei of the HT?

A
  • supraoptic
  • Paraventricular
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2
Q

List some functions of the HT

A
  • Temperature regulation
  • HR ***
  • BP
  • hunger
  • thirst
  • emotion
  • sex drives
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3
Q

Where do hormones from the SON and PVN go to?

A

Posterior pituitary

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4
Q

Medullary centers of the HT regulate?

A

respiration

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5
Q

What centers of the HT are associated with food intake?

A

Satiety and Hunger

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6
Q

T/F Stress does not affect the immune system

A

False, it suppresses it

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7
Q

T/F CNS lesions can affect immune functions

A

True

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8
Q

What substances can produce changes in neuron firing?

A

Immunotransmitters (cytokines)

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9
Q

Which immunotransmitter resets the body temp by acting on the HT?

A

Interleukin 1

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10
Q

The adenohypophysis is the ____________ pituitary

A

Anterior

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11
Q

What hormones are predominantly secreted by the cells of the adenohypophysis?

A

Protein hormones

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12
Q

The posterior pituitary is also called:

A

Neurohypophysis

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13
Q

What type of cells make up the posterior pituitary, which are extensions of the HT?

A

Hypothalamic neurons

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14
Q

What structure is associated with the neurohypophysis, which suspends the anterior gland from the HT?

A

Pituitary stalk

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15
Q

A hormone that regulates the function of endocrine glands is termed:

A

Tropic

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16
Q

List the 4 tropic hormones secreted by the AP

A
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • FSH
  • LH
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17
Q

GH, PRL, MSH (Melanocyte stim hormone), Beta-endorphin are non tropic hormones released by which structure?

A

AP

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18
Q

ADH and Oxytocin are secreted by the?

A

PP

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19
Q

What is the structure that serves as a portal system that connects the HT with the anterior Pituitary Gland?

A

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System

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20
Q

What function depends on the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary function

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21
Q

What are the hormones that affect the pituitary to make and secrete hormones?

A

Hypothalamic releasing hormones (__RH)

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22
Q

Which hypothalamic releasing hormone stimulates ACTH?

A

Corticotropin RH (CRH)

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23
Q

Thyrotropin RH (TRH) stimulates the secretion of ______ and ______

A

TSH and PRL

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24
Q

Growth Hormone RH wil stimulate ________ secretion

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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25
GnRH "LHRH" stimulates the secretion of _______ and _____
FSH and LH
26
Which hormone associated with the HT inhibits GH secretion?
Somatostatin
27
Another hormone that stimulates PRL secretion apart from TRH is_____________
PR RH
28
What hormone inhibits PRL secretion?
PRL Inhibiting hormone (Dopamine)
29
Hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted in _________ and transduce signals via 2nd messenger systems
pulses
30
In target cells, what processes do Hypothalamic releasing hormones stimulate?
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
31
T/F Hypothalamic releasing hormones regulate their own receptor
True
31
Which hormone associate with the AP has tropic and non tropic actions?
GH
32
What are the cell types associated with the hormones of the AP?
- Lactotroph - Gonadotroph - Corticotroph - Thyrotroph - Somatotroph
33
The corticotroph will stimulate the hormone that will affect which endocrine gland?
adrenal gland (ACTH)
34
Somatotroph tissues will stimulate the secretion of GH, with the target organ being?
Liver and other tissues/organs
35
Which hormone is synthesized by lactotroph tissue and is associated with mammary gland development?
PRL
36
PRL in amphibian does what?
Delays metamorphosis
37
In mammals, ___________ acts on neurons in the brain to inhibit hunger.
MSH
38
The non-tropic hormone associated with the perception of pain is:
Beta-endorphin
39
MSH and Beta-endorphin are formed by the cleavage of the same precursor protein to?
ACTH
40
T/F the Posterior pituitary synthesis hormones
False, they are synthesized in the HT
41
______________ induces the contraction of the uterus and causes milk "let down"
Oxytocin
42
What type of feedback does oxytocin exhibit?
Positive FB
43
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin cause what?
Water retention in kidneys
44
ADH acts via ____________ feedback mechanism
Negative
45
How many AA make up Oxytocin?
9
46
What other tissues can secrete Oxytocin?
ovaries and testes
47
How many AA are different between Oxytocin and ADH?
2/9
48
Maternal behavior is established by this hormone:
Oxytocin
49
Oxytocin in males may have what roles?
- Ejaculation - Facilitate sperm transport - sexual behavior
50
What is the most important stimulus for the release of oxytocin?
physical nipple/teat stimulation
51
What can inhibit oxytocin release?
Catecholamines (acute stress)
52
T/F Oxytocin is associated with milk synthesis
FALSE
53
What are 2 clinical applications for Oxytocin?
- milk let down - obstetrics: induce parturition/uterine conractions
54
What carrier protein packages ADH ?
Neurophysin
55
What is the most crucial physiological effect of ADH?
Conserve fluid in body to reduce urine output
56
List some stimuli that stimulate ADH release
- pain - trauma - fear - anxiety
57
Cold exposure, conditioned reflex diuresis can do what to ADH release?
Inhibit release
58
ADH will stimulate water reabsorption by stimulating insertion of?
Water channels/Aquaporins in kidney tubule membranes
59
ADH can affect arterial pressure by doing what?
Vasoconstricting arterioles (increases Arterial pressure)
60
What controls ADH?
Plasma Osmolality (concentration of blood solutes)
61
What sensors in the hypothalamus respond to control ADH?
Osmoreceptors
62
The most common disease in humans and animals related to ADH?
Diabetes insipidus
63
How does alcohol affect ADH levels?
It acts on pituitary gland and blocks synthesis of ADH
64
When the kidneys send water directly to the bladder it is term the_________________
Diuretic effect
65
Which structure attached to the thalamus secretes melatonin?
Pineal gland
66
The pineal gland can regulate the onset of what in children?
Puberty
67
Melatonin is a derivative of which AA?
Tryptophan

FF4 Exam 2 (17 decks)

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