GI Secretion

Question 1

Single cell mucous glands example:

Answer 1

Goblet cell

Question 2

What type of glands are in the stomach and the intestines?

Answer 2

tubular glands

Question 3

What are the intestinal glands called?

Answer 3

Lieberkuhn

Question 4

In the duodenum, you would find ____________ glands

Answer 4

Brunner’s

Question 5

Which type of secretion has the lowest ph?

Answer 5

gastric

Question 6

The highest in volume secretion from the digestive tract is ?

Answer 6

Small intestine secretion

Question 7

What is the most potent stimulus for secretion?

Answer 7

Food (mechanical, tactile, distention, chemical irritation)

Question 8

What are the hormones that can stimulate secretion in the GIT?

Answer 8

gastrin
GIP
GLP-1

Question 9

What prevents damage to the gut mucosa?

Answer 9

Mucus coat

Question 10

List the 3 salivary glands

Answer 10

• parotid
• mandibular
• sublingual

Question 11

What is the only salivary gland that is serous only?

Answer 11

parotid

Question 12

The salivary glands are innervated by what division of the nervous system?

Answer 12

Parasympathetic ganglia

Question 13

Saliva is isotonic or hypotonic once it is in the 2nd secretory step?

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

Which salivary enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

Answer 14

Salivary amylase

Question 15

T/F you can find salivary amylase in all species

Answer 15

False: Not found in cattle, dogs, cats, horses

Question 16

Which salivary enzyme breaks dow lipids?

Answer 16

Salivary lipase

Question 17

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 17

Lubricate food and act as solvent

Question 18

Is saliva acidic or basic?

Answer 18

Basic (pH 7.7-8.5)

Question 19

What glands prevent mucosal excoriation along the esophageal lining?

Answer 19

Esophageal Submucosal gland

Question 20

What is the first part of the stomach called, near the esophageal entrance?

Answer 20

Cardia

Question 21

What are the surface mucous cells known as?

Answer 21

Foveolar epithelium

Question 22

Which gastric glands are oxyntic glands?

Answer 22

fundic glands

Question 23

The 4 types of secretory cells in gastric glands are:

Answer 23

• neck
• chief
• parietal
• enteroendocrine

Question 24

Which gastric gland cells secrete mucus?

Answer 24

Neck cells

Question 25

Which gastric gland cells secrete pepsinogen?

Answer 25

Chief

Question 26

HCl is secreted by ________ cells in gastric glands

Answer 26

Parietal

Question 27

D cells secrete _____________

Answer 27

Somatostatin

Question 28

Which enteroendocrine cells secrete histamine?

Answer 28

ECL (enterochromaffin-like)

Question 29

What is secreted to aid in Vit B12 absorption from gastric epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Intrinsic factor

Question 30

Pepsinogen is cleaved by ____________ to produce pepsins

Answer 30

HCl

Question 31

HCl is secreted especifically by the secretory network of _______________ of parietal cells

Answer 31

Canaliculi

Question 32

What structure is unique to parietal cells that can transport protons against a concentration gradient?

Answer 32

Proton pump / H K Atpase

Question 33

Which substances stimulate fusion of organelles and the proton pumps and thus HCl secretion ?

Answer 33

- histamine - acetylcholine - gastrin

Question 34

Gastrin is produced by _____________ in response to AA in stomach lumen

Answer 34

G-cells

Question 35

ACH is released when the vagus nerve acts on _______ receptors on parietal, ECL, and G cells

Answer 35

M

Question 36

What inhibits the secretion of HCl?

Answer 36

Somatostatin

Question 37

Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are ?

Answer 37

Antacids

Question 38

A proton pump inhibitor example:

Answer 38

Prilosec

Question 39

The cephalic phase of gastric secretion starts via which nerve?

Answer 39

Vagus nerve

Question 40

Which division of the nervous system stimulate pepsin and acid production?

Answer 40

Parasympathetic

Question 41

In which gastric secretion phase does gastrin and histamine get stimulated?

Answer 41

Gastric phase

Question 42

What is the last phase of Gastric secretion?

Answer 42

Intestinal phase

Question 43

What reflex inhibits secretion in the intestinal phase?

Answer 43

Reverse enterogastric reflex (myenteric nervous system)

Question 44

The Reverse enterogastric reflex is initiated by?

Answer 44

Food in upper intestine

Question 45

What hormones are inhibiting factors for gastric intestinal phase?

Answer 45

- GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide / glucose-dep insulinotropic peptide) - GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-I - Somatostatin

Question 46

What is secreted into the intestinal lumen and is then reabsorbed?

Answer 46

Water

Question 47

Crypt cells actively secrete ___________, which in turn leads to more water secretion

Answer 47

Electrolytes

Question 48

Crypt cells contain the chloride channel also known as________________, which secrete water

Answer 48

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)

Question 49

GIp and GLP-1 inhibit gastric secretion in the intestinal phase, but stimulate secretion of what?

Answer 49

insulin from pancreas

Question 50

Insulin secretion is induced by which hormones?

Answer 50

Incretins - GLP + GIP

Question 51

The large intestine secretes mucus via ______________

Answer 51

goblet cells

Question 52

The intestinal glands in the LI are also called:

Answer 52

crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 53

Where does reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur?

Answer 53

Large Intestine

Question 54

Which vitamins are produced in the Large intestine by bacteria?

Answer 54

B and K

Question 55

Dietary fiber in chyme are fermented via anerobic or aerobic respiration?

Answer 55

Anaerobic

Question 56

What is produces in fermentation?

Answer 56

Short-chain fatty acids (acetic and butyric acid)

Question 57

What enzyme is present in herbivores to produce cellulose?

Answer 57

Cellulase

Question 58

In hind gut fermenters, microbial digestion is important due to the source of ?

Answer 58

VFAs