Endocrine Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans

Question 1

What are the normal blood glucose levels in healthy dogs?

Answer 1

80-120 mg/dl

Question 2

What is the only nutrient that can be used by cells in the brain, retina and gonads?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Hypoglycemia is _________ glucose

Answer 3

low

Question 4

Hyperglycemia is ______ glucose and will induce cell toxicity

Answer 4

high

Question 5

What keeps blood glucose from dropping too low?

Answer 5

Glucagon

Question 6

What is produced to keep blood glucose from rising to high?

Answer 6

Insulin

Question 7

What are the units in the pancreas that produce hormones?

Answer 7

Islets of Langerhans

Question 8

Which cells in the islets of Langerhans produce glucagon?

Answer 8

Alpha cells

Question 9

Which cells in the islets of Langerhans produce insulin?

Answer 9

Beta

Question 10

Delta cells in the islets of Langerhans produce _______________

Answer 10

Somatostatin and other cells

Question 11

Hyperglycemia will induce production of ________________

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

Hypoglycemia will induce ___________ produciton

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

Insulin will stimulate what process in the liver?

Answer 13

Glycogenesis and glucose uptake

Question 14

Glucagon will induce _____________ and glycogenolysis in the liver to help release glucose.

Answer 14

Gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Insulin is anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 15

Anabolic

Question 16

Insulin promotes absorption of ___________

Answer 16

glucose

Question 17

Glucose will be converted into what two things when absorbed?

Answer 17

Glycogen or fats

Question 18

Which organ can perform both glycogenesis and lipogenesis ?

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

What can inhibit glucose production and secretion?

Answer 19

High insulin concentrations in blood

Question 20

Insulin secretion is stimulated by?

Answer 20

Hyperglycemia

Question 21

Which GI hormones will stimulate insulin secretion?

Answer 21

GIP and GLP-1

Question 22

An amino acid that will stimulate insulin secretion :

Answer 22

Arginine

Question 23

The 3 main insulin target cells are:

Answer 23

• hepatocytes
• adipocytes
• skeletal muscle cells

Question 24

Insulin will stimulate ___________ translocation from intracellular vesicles to the membrane to increase glucose uptake

Answer 24

GLUT4

Question 25

The only insulin-dependent glucose transporter is:

Answer 25

GLUT4

Question 26

GLUT 1-3 and 5 are insulin ______________

Answer 26

independent

Question 27

When referring to insulin effect on carbohydrate metabolism, it is termed the _______________ hormone

Answer 27

Glucose-depositing

Question 28

Which enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism will induce cellular glucose trapping?

Answer 28

Glucokinase

Question 29

Insulin in lipid metabolism will induce?

Answer 29

Lipid synthesis and lipolysis

Question 30

Insulin in protein metabolism will induce uptake of?

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

Sweating, weakness, hunger, headaches, coma, etc can be signs seen in ?

Answer 31

Insulin overdose

Question 32

Is glucagon anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 32

Catabolic

Question 33

The primary target tissue of glucagon is:

Answer 33

Liver

Question 34

What is the most potent secretory glucagon stimulus?

Answer 34

Hypoglycemia

Question 35

Glucagon is the _________________ hormone

Answer 35

Glucose-mobilizing

Question 36

In a fasting state, _________ directs movement of stored nutrients into the blood.

Answer 36

Glucagon

Question 37

When the blood glucose is too high, the disease is?

Answer 37

Diabetes

Question 38

Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, depression and fatigue are signs of?

Answer 38

Diabetes

Question 39

Which diabetes is insulin dependent?

Answer 39

Type 1

Question 40

What can trigger Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 40

Viral infection (coxsackievirus)

Question 41

Autoimmune disease and destruction of B-cells will be associated with which diabetes?

Answer 41

Type 1

Question 42

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by?

Answer 42

insulin resistance

Question 43

Obesity is a sign of what diabetes?

Answer 43

Type 2

Question 44

Non-insulin dependent diabetes is type ___

Answer 44

2

Question 45

Obesity, Cushing's, Acromegaly (excess GH), pregnancy, are all causes of?

Answer 45

Insulin resistance