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Animal Health And Disease > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen that leads to discomfort, tissue damage, and disease.

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2
Q

How many types of hypersensitivity?

A

4

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity timelines.

A
  1. minutes to hours
  2. hours to days
  3. hours to days
  4. 48-72 hours
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4
Q

Type III name and examples?

A

Immune Complex mediated hypersensitivity
Arthus reaction
Serum sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Type I name and examples?

A

anaphylactic hypersensitivity
Allergic rxn, sweet itch

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5
Q

Type IV name and examples?

A

Delayed Type
Contact dermatitis
Tuberculin reaction

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5
Q

Type II name and examples?

A

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, Grave’s disease

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6
Q

Draw out type of hypersensitivity reactions on slide 5.

A
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7
Q

3 components of Type I Hypersensitivity?

A

Mast cell, eosinophil, IgE

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8
Q

Write out characteristics of Mast cell and eosinophil.

A

Slide 6

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9
Q

What are allergies?

A

Reaction of body to allergens that is detrimental to the host

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10
Q

Discuss examples of allergens.

A

Slide 7

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11
Q

2 steps of allergic reactions?

A

sensitization - usually mild (first exposure)
Subsequent exposure (may get serious)

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12
Q

Predisposition of allergies?

A

Yes, usually genetic

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13
Q

Draw out allergen –> allergic responses mechanism.

A

Slide 8

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14
Q

Draw out steps of mast cell degranulation.

A

Slide 9

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15
Q

Draw out Slide 10.

A
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16
Q

What is anaphylaxis?
What can histamines cause?

A

sudden shock syndrome resulting from the massive release of mast cell mediators
Major smooth muscle contraction THUS leading to airway closing

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16
Q

Draw out pathway of sweet itch. Slide 11.

A
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17
Q

Describe self-antigens of type II.

A

Slide 14

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18
Q

Three factors of anaphylaxis?

A

type of antigen, amount of IgE produced and the route of exposure

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19
Q

Where does Type II hypersensitivity occur?

A

cytotoxic

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20
Q

Describe extrinsic antigens of type II.

A

Slide 14

21
Q

Describe cross reactive antibodies of type II.

A

Slide 14

22
Q

What complex becomes the target of complement system which results in cytotoxicity.

A

ag-ab complex

23
Q

How does the antigen-antibody complex result in cytotoxicity?

A

Slide 15

24
Q

Pathway of penicillin? Slide 16

A
25
Q

When is the ag-ab complex beneficial?
Detrimental? Slide 17 and 18

A
26
Q

When will no immune response happen in blood transfusions?

A

If the donor RBC are identical to those of the recipient

27
Q

When do transfusion reactions most often occur?

A

if the recipient has alloantibodies that bind the donor’s RBC

28
Q

How does the recipient acquire alloantibodies?

A

-pre-existing in the body
-developed antibodies from previous transfusions
-sometimes the donor has antibodies that they pass on

29
Q

Describe how blood matching works.

A

Slide 20

30
Q

Review Blood group system.

A

Slide 21

31
Q

What happens when an individual with blood group A receives blood from a donor that has blood group B.
Write out steps. Slide 22.

A

Hemolytic anemia
Induces death of donor RBCs

32
Q

Discuss the mechanism and result of neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals.

A

Slide 23

33
Q

Describe Bovine neonatal pancytopenia.

A

Slide 24

34
Q

Discuss the different zones and sizes of complexes of type III.

A

Slide 29

34
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

autoantibodies against the TSH receptor cause overproduction of thyroid hormones

34
Q

Draw out image of non-cytotoxic type II hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 25

35
Q

Discuss Type III hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 28

36
Q

Draw out pathway of type III hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 30

37
Q

Discuss the features of local type III hypersensitivity (Arthus Reaction)

A

Slide 31

38
Q

Discuss systemic type III hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 32

39
Q

Discuss the different types of immune complexes in the blood.

A

Slide 33

40
Q

Discuss what happens when the complex system fails in regards to complement receptors and phagocytes.

A

Slide 34

41
Q

Draw out pathways of immune complexes in blood.

A

Slide 35

42
Q

Discuss the features of MPGN.
Type locations?

A

Slide 36

43
Q

What does C3 deficiency result in?

A

glumerulonephritis

44
Q

Glomerulonephritis lesions are ___________ instead of inflammatory.

A

proliferative

45
Q

What is IMPA?
Result?

A

Immune complexes deposit in synovial fluid
Neutrophilic inflammation in the joints

46
Q

Describe serum sickness of type III hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 40

47
Q

Describe systemic lupus erythematosus.

A

Slide 41.

48
Q

What are type IV hypersensitivity reactions caused by?

A

T cell response to complexes of MHC class II and peptide antigens derived from foreign proteins or from chemically modified proteins

49
Q

Describe a tuberculin reaction.

A

Slide 43.

50
Q

Draw out pathway of type IV hypersensitivity.

A

Slide 44

51
Q

Draw out pathway of allergic contact dermatitis (type IV).

A

Slide 45

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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