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Animal Health And Disease > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 clinical signs of inflammation?

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain (loss of function)

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2
Q

Purpose of redness?

A

Delivering more blood to site

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3
Q

Purpose of heat?

A

Increasing temperature to inhibit replication of pathogens

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4
Q

Purpose of swelling?

A

Dilution of pathogens/toxins, providing wound healing, factors/mediators

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5
Q

Purpose of pain?

A

Restricting movement allowing time for repair

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6
Q

What do macrophage release during initiation of inflammation?

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Chemokines
Eicosanoids

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7
Q

Examples of Pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

TNF-a, IL1, IL6

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8
Q

What can mast cells release in response to IL1 and C3a and C5a?

A

pre-stored histamine

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9
Q

What are the three major steps of acute inflammation? Result of each?

A

Dilation of small vessels and local stasis of blood flow - redness, heat

Increased vascular permeability to permit exit of fluid, plasma proteins, leukocytes - swelling, pain

Migration and accumulation of leukocytes into the site of injury and their activation - pain, loss of function

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10
Q

Draw out the arachidonic acid cascade.

A
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11
Q

Two substances involved in vasodilation?

A

Histamine and nitric oxide

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12
Q

Describe increased vascular permeability?

A

Slides 11/12

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13
Q

Review the pathway of leukocyte migration on slide 16.

A
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13
Q

Discuss the components of normal laminar flow.

A

Slide 17

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14
Q

Six steps of leukocyte migration.

A

Activated mast cell
Margination
Rolling
Activation
Stable adhesion
Transmigration

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15
Q

What does margination cause?

A

Vasodilation and decreased axial flow

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16
Q

What does rolling involve?

A

Selectins

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17
Q

What does stable adhesion involve?

A

Integrins
ICAM-1

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18
Q

Components of transmigration?

A

PECAM-1
Integrin
Extracellular matrix
Chemokines

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19
Q

Watch Leukocyte Migration Movie SLIDE 21

A
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20
Q

What do animals with leukocyte adhesion deficiency lack?
Presentation?

A

Functional expression of B2 integrins
Severe gingivitis, tooth loss, oral ulcers, abscesses (without pus), pneumonia, diarrhea

21
Q

What is chemotaxis?
Two types of chemoattractants? Function?

A

movement of a motile cell
Endogenous and exogenous
Bind G protein coupled receptors

22
Q

Discuss steps of chemotaxis signaling on slide 24.

A
23
Q

WATCH chemotaxis video on slide 26.

A
24
Q

How long do neutrophils last?

A

only a few days

25
Q

If the offense is destroyed, what happens to neutrophils (2)?

A

undergo apoptosis
Removed by macrophages and dendritic cells

26
Q

If neutrophils are infected what happens?

A

Slide 27

27
Q

In neutrophils are uninfected what happens?

A

Slide 27

28
Q

If the offense remains, what happens?

A

More neutrophils recruited and switch to more chronic inflammatory response

29
Q

Discuss systemic effects of acute inflammation.

A

Slide 31

30
Q

3 components of systemic inflammation?

A

Mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells

31
Q

Discuss functions of fever.

A

Slide 33

32
Q

What lab findings help us ID systemic inflammation? (specific components of each)

A

CBC (leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and left shift)
and Acute phase proteins (positive- increase during inflammation)

33
Q

What are acute phase proteins primarily induced by?

A

IL 6

34
Q

What are acute phase proteins produced by?

A

hepatocytes

35
Q

Appearance timeline of acute phase proteins?

A

90 minutes

36
Q

Discuss C-reactive proteins.

A

Slide 37

37
Q

Discuss serum amyloid A.

A

Slide 38

38
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

a rare disease characterized by a buildup of abnormal amyloid deposits in the bod

39
Q

Discuss iron binding molecules.
Importance?
Role in pathogenic mechanisms?

A

Slide 40

40
Q

Role of protease inhibitors?

A

inhibit neutrophil proteases at inflammatory sites

41
Q

Role of negative acute phase proteins? Example?

A

Decrease during inflammation
Albumin

42
Q

Discuss Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.

A

Slide 42

43
Q

Why are certain species more sensitive to sensitive shock? Species?

A

PIMS
Cat, horse, sheep, pig

44
Q

Species without PIMS? As a result?

A

dogs, rodents
less susceptible to septic shock

45
Q

Three MAJOR steps of acute inflammation

A

Vasodilation
Vascular permeability
Migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation

46
Q

Steps of leukocyte migration?

A
  1. Margination
  2. Rolling
  3. Adhesion
  4. Extravasation
47
Q

Vasoactive lipids are derived from what and role in vetmed?

A

cell membrane/drug targets

48
Q

Three major acute pro-inflammatory cytokines? Act on?

A

IL1, IL6, TNFa
hypothalamus, liver, bone marrow

49
Q

Where are acute phase proteins produced? In response to?

A

liver
pro-inflammatory cytokines

50
Q

SIRS occurs when?

A

inflammatory cascades are set in motion throughout the body

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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