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Animal Health And Disease > Antigens/MHC > Flashcards

Antigens/MHC Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the innate immune system not enough? 3 Reasons.

A

Limited Specificity: only recognize limited number of conserved PAMPS
Less Potent: may not guarantee full resistance to infection
Lack memory: Do not learn from experience

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2
Q

Why is the adaptive immune system more effective?

A

Higher specificity: Employs antigen specific lymphocyte generation (B and T lymphocyte)
Systemic: Targeted to reach the whole body
Immunological memory: once exposed to an antigen, the animal will make an immediate and stronger response against any subsequent exposure to it

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3
Q

Example application of immunological memory:

A

Vaccines: induce long term memory against specific antigens

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4
Q

Draw out simplified outline of adaptive immunity

A

Slide 5

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5
Q

What is the trigger for adaptive immunity?

A

Antigens

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6
Q

What are antigens?

A

any non-self substance that can bind to the specific lymphocyte

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7
Q

What is an epitope?

A

a site on the surface of an antigen that is recognized by a specific lymphocyte receptor

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8
Q

Antigen number of epitopes and differentation?

A

Multiple, same or different types

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9
Q

What are immunogens?

A

antigens that can induce an immune response, after binding to its specific lymphocyte receptor/antibody

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a good antigen?

A

Large size >10Kd
Complexity: proteins vs. simple monomers
Moderate degradability: Inert and unstable molecules are poor antigens
Foreign: Non-self: molecule should have a structure that is not present in host’s own molecules (Exception: self antigens)

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11
Q

Discuss different microbial vs. non-microbial antigens.

A

Slide 8

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12
Q

Discuss cell surface antigens vs. auto-antigens.

A

Slide 9

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13
Q

Discuss what haptens are.

A

Slide 10

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14
Q

Describe the difference between exogenous and endogenous antigens.

A

Slide 11

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15
Q

What are APCs?

A

specialized in the displaying antigens on their cell surface for the subsequent activation of T cells

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16
Q

What are the professional APCS?

A

dendritic cells

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17
Q

Where are DCs derived from and what?

A

hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow

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18
Q

What are dentrites?

A

Long projections, increase SA and help with antigen trapping, increases contact between DCs and T cells

18
Q

Write out the 4 DC subpopulations are their functions.

A

Slide 16

19
Q

APC macrophage functions.

A

Slide 17

20
Q

APC B cell functions.

A

Slide 17

21
Q

What can produce endogenous antigens?

A

any nucleated cell
DCs
Macrophages
B cells

22
Q

What captures exogenous antigens?

A

APCs

23
Q

What processes endogenous antigens?

A

affected nucleated cell

24
Q

What is Ag processing?

A

the native antigen is trimmed into smaller immunogenic fragments by intracellular machinery

25
Q

Discuss DCs antigen processing and presentation.

A

Slide 21

26
Q

Discuss the activation and migration of skin DCs to secondary lymphoid organs.

A

Slide 22 and 23

27
Q

APCs degrade exogenous proteins into ____________

A

antigen peptides

28
Q

APCS present antigen peptides with ______.

A

MHCII

29
Q

Infected cells degrade the endogenous viral proteins into _____________

A

antigen peptides

30
Q

Infected cells present the antigen peptides with ______.

A

MHCI

31
Q

Compare/contrast MHC classes.

A

Slide 26

32
Q

Discuss MHC Class I

A

Slide 27

33
Q

Discuss MHC Class II

A

Slide 28

34
Q

Compare contrast MHC I and MHC II.

A

Slide 29

35
Q

Discuss exogenous antigen presentation.

A

Slide 31

36
Q

Discuss endogenous antigen presentation.

A

Slide 33

37
Q

Exogenous vs. endogenous type of T cells

A

Exogenous - CD4 T helper cells
Endogenous- CD8 T cytotoxic cells

38
Q

Discuss cross-presentation.

A

Slide 36

39
Q

Memorize table on slide 37.

A
40
Q

Describe superantigens.

A

Slide 38

41
Q

Discuss MHC Diversity.

A

Slide 40-46

42
Q

Review disease presentation on different species.

A

Slide 47

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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