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Animal Health And Disease > Autoimmune Diseases/Immunodeficiencies > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases/Immunodeficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

The activation and dysregulation of the host’s immune responses against self-antigens cause tissue damage and disease.

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2
Q

What are the three causes of autoimmunity?

A
  1. Genetic factors
  2. Infection and environmental exposure
  3. Intestinal permeability and immune dysregulation
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3
Q

Draw out the induction pathway of autoimmunity.

A

Slide 5

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4
Q

What are the 4 immunologically privileged sites?

A

Brain, eye, testis, uterus

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5
Q

Characteristics of immune-privileged sites?

A
  1. Often targets of autoimmune attack
  2. Shielded from an active immune system
  3. Lack and have minimal lymphatic drainage
  4. Surrounded by tissue barrier
  5. High levels of soluble anti-inflammatory molecules
  6. Induce strong Treg responses
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6
Q

Draw out the pathway of a normal immune response to an unusual antigen

A

Slide 7

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7
Q

What are most immune diseases the result of?

A

emergence of clones of rogue lymphocytes directed against normal body components

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8
Q

What is molecular mimicry?

A

Shared epitope between an infectious agent/parasite and an autoantigen

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9
Q

Draw out pathway of immune self-tolerance.

A

Slide 8

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10
Q

Discuss examples of autoimmunity on slide 9.

A
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11
Q

Draw out viral infections and bystander activation pathway on slide 10.

A
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12
Q

Two forms of genetic predisposition to autoimmunity.

A

Overexpression and underexpression

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13
Q

What do most autoimmune diseases involve?

A

MHC associated genes

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14
Q

In dogs, there is an association between autoimmunity and _________.

A

MHC alleles

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15
Q

Write out examples autoimmunity in dogs.

A

Slide 12

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16
Q

Intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis is another type of predisposing factor. Draw out pathways out pathobionts and commensals. Slide 13

A
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17
Q

Write out/discuss examples of each type of pathogenic mechanisms. Slide 14

A
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18
Q

What are the two types of pathogenic mechanisms?

A

Organ-specific and systemic

19
Q

Draw out pathway of autoimmune diabetes. Discuss its characteristics.

20
Q

Discuss uveodermatological syndrome.
Presentation?
Infiltration of what?
Treatment?

21
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness in horses worldwide?

A

Equine recurrent uveitis (Moon blindness)

22
Q

What breed is predisposed to Equine recurrent uveitis?

23
Q

Presentation of moon blindness?

A

repeated episodes of intraocular inflammation anterior uveal track, ocular pain, lacrimation, keratitis, photophobia, edema, vascularization

24
Q

Review slide 18.

25
Discuss lymphocytic thyroiditis. Breeds predisposed? Cause? Presentation? Diagnostic tools?
Slide 19
26
What is central to the pathogenesis systemic lupus erythematosus?
B cells
27
Discuss the hallmark of all forms in Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Slide 21
28
What type of antibodies are found in most dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus? Why?
Antinuclear antibodies in response to histones and ribonucleoproteins
29
Draw out pathway of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Slide 21
30
Discuss the diagnostic criteria of lupus? 2 important components.
Slide 22
31
What is the treatment of lupus?
high doses of corticosteroids
32
Presentation of dogs with rheumatoid arthritis?
may present with chronic depression, anorexia, pyrexia, and lameness
33
What joints does canine rheumatoid arthritis affect?
carpal joints
34
Discuss diagnostic criteria for canine RA.
Slide 23
35
Treatment for canine RA?
poor long term prognosis NSAIDS steroids in severe cases
36
Discuss the immunosuppressive drugs and their corresponding mechanisms of action.
Slide 24
37
What are immunodeficiency diseases?
Inherited or acquired defects in either the innate or adaptive immune responses; unusual susceptibility to normal and opportunistic pathogens
38
Two types of immunodeficient diseases? Definitions?
Primary vs. Secondary Slide 27
39
Discuss examples of primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases on slide 28.
40
What type of cell are most affected by FIV? Draw out pathway.
T cells Slide 33
41
Review pathways slides 29-32.
42
Know the non-infectious immunodeficiency diseases on slide 34.
43
Two types of primary immunodeficiencies?
LAD or SCID
44
Two types of secondary immunodeficiencies?
infectious and non-infectious

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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