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Animal Health And Disease > Autoimmune Diseases/Immunodeficiencies > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases/Immunodeficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

The activation and dysregulation of the host’s immune responses against self-antigens cause tissue damage and disease.

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2
Q

What are the three causes of autoimmunity?

A
  1. Genetic factors
  2. Infection and environmental exposure
  3. Intestinal permeability and immune dysregulation
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3
Q

Draw out the induction pathway of autoimmunity.

A

Slide 5

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4
Q

What are the 4 immunologically privileged sites?

A

Brain, eye, testis, uterus

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5
Q

Characteristics of immune-privileged sites?

A
  1. Often targets of autoimmune attack
  2. Shielded from an active immune system
  3. Lack and have minimal lymphatic drainage
  4. Surrounded by tissue barrier
  5. High levels of soluble anti-inflammatory molecules
  6. Induce strong Treg responses
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6
Q

Draw out the pathway of a normal immune response to an unusual antigen

A

Slide 7

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7
Q

What are most immune diseases the result of?

A

emergence of clones of rogue lymphocytes directed against normal body components

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8
Q

What is molecular mimicry?

A

Shared epitope between an infectious agent/parasite and an autoantigen

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9
Q

Draw out pathway of immune self-tolerance.

A

Slide 8

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10
Q

Discuss examples of autoimmunity on slide 9.

A
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11
Q

Draw out viral infections and bystander activation pathway on slide 10.

A
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12
Q

Two forms of genetic predisposition to autoimmunity.

A

Overexpression and underexpression

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13
Q

What do most autoimmune diseases involve?

A

MHC associated genes

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14
Q

In dogs, there is an association between autoimmunity and _________.

A

MHC alleles

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15
Q

Write out examples autoimmunity in dogs.

A

Slide 12

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16
Q

Intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis is another type of predisposing factor. Draw out pathways out pathobionts and commensals. Slide 13

A
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17
Q

Write out/discuss examples of each type of pathogenic mechanisms. Slide 14

A
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18
Q

What are the two types of pathogenic mechanisms?

A

Organ-specific and systemic

19
Q

Draw out pathway of autoimmune diabetes. Discuss its characteristics.

A

Slide 16

20
Q

Discuss uveodermatological syndrome.
Presentation?
Infiltration of what?
Treatment?

A

Slide 17

21
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness in horses worldwide?

A

Equine recurrent uveitis (Moon blindness)

22
Q

What breed is predisposed to Equine recurrent uveitis?

A

Appaloosa

23
Q

Presentation of moon blindness?

A

repeated episodes of intraocular inflammation anterior uveal track, ocular pain, lacrimation, keratitis, photophobia, edema, vascularization

24
Q

Review slide 18.

A
25
Q

Discuss lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Breeds predisposed?
Cause?
Presentation?
Diagnostic tools?

A

Slide 19

26
Q

What is central to the pathogenesis systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

B cells

27
Q

Discuss the hallmark of all forms in Systemic lupus erythematosus.

A

Slide 21

28
Q

What type of antibodies are found in most dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus? Why?

A

Antinuclear antibodies
in response to histones and ribonucleoproteins

29
Q

Draw out pathway of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A

Slide 21

30
Q

Discuss the diagnostic criteria of lupus? 2 important components.

A

Slide 22

31
Q

What is the treatment of lupus?

A

high doses of corticosteroids

32
Q

Presentation of dogs with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

may present with chronic depression, anorexia, pyrexia, and lameness

33
Q

What joints does canine rheumatoid arthritis affect?

A

carpal joints

34
Q

Discuss diagnostic criteria for canine RA.

A

Slide 23

35
Q

Treatment for canine RA?

A

poor long term prognosis
NSAIDS
steroids in severe cases

36
Q

Discuss the immunosuppressive drugs and their corresponding mechanisms of action.

A

Slide 24

37
Q

What are immunodeficiency diseases?

A

Inherited or acquired defects in either the innate or adaptive immune responses; unusual susceptibility to normal and opportunistic pathogens

38
Q

Two types of immunodeficient diseases?
Definitions?

A

Primary vs. Secondary
Slide 27

39
Q

Discuss examples of primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases on slide 28.

A
40
Q

What type of cell are most affected by FIV? Draw out pathway.

A

T cells
Slide 33

41
Q

Review pathways slides 29-32.

A
42
Q

Know the non-infectious immunodeficiency diseases on slide 34.

A
43
Q

Two types of primary immunodeficiencies?

A

LAD or SCID

44
Q

Two types of secondary immunodeficiencies?

A

infectious and non-infectious

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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