Hypernatremia

Question 1

3 general cats. of hyper

Answer 1

1. hypovolemic
2. isovolemic
3. hypervolemic

Question 2

2 general cats and causes of hypovolemic

Answer 2

loss of Na and water, but more water

1. renal loss
   - diuretics
   - osmotic diuresis
   - renal failure
2. extrarenal
   - diarrhea
   - diaphorsis
   - resp losses

Question 3

mech and 2 causes of isovolemic

Answer 3

loss of water only, Na stores normal

1. diabetes insipidus
2. insensible resp loss - tachy

Question 4

mech and 5 causes of hypervolemic

Answer 4

gain of Na and water, but more Na

1. iatrogenic - TPN
2. exogenous glucocorticoids
3. cushing
4. saltwater drowning
5. primary hyperaldonstronism

Question 5

Sx of hypernat

Answer 5

1. neuro
   - mental status
   - weakness
   - focal neuro
2. tissues and membranes dry

Question 6

urine findings

Answer 6

1. vol. low if kidneys responding well

2. high urine osmolality

Question 7

what to do to diff. 2 types of diabetes

Answer 7

give desmopressin

Question 8

Tx for hypovol

Answer 8

give NS to correct loss

Question 9

Tx for isovol

Answer 9

• if diabtes - desmo

- give oral fluids of d5w

Question 10

Tx for hypervol

Answer 10

diurese and give D5W