Acute kidney injury Flashcards
1
Q
def. AKI
A
rapid decline in renal function with increase in creat (50%)
2
Q
3 main cats. of kidney failure
A
- pre-renal
- renal
- post-renal
3
Q
2 most common clinical findings
A
weight gain and edema
4
Q
what is azotemia
A
elevated BUN and Cr
5
Q
prog. of AKI
A
80% recover completely
- older worse
- most common cause of death is infection
6
Q
char of prerenal
A
- most common
- potentially reversible
7
Q
causes of pre-renal
A
- hypovolemia
- CHF
- peripheral vasodilation
- renal art. obstr.
- cirrosis with hepatorenal
8
Q
pathophys of prerenal
A
low flow causes low GFR and increase in crap
9
Q
lab findings
A
- oligouria - always
- increased BUN to Cr - 20:1 - can reabsrob urea
- low urine Na
- increased urine/plasma Cr ratio
- bland urine
10
Q
def. intrinsic renal failure
A
kidney tissue damages such that filtration and tubular function are imparied - unable to concentrate urine
11
Q
4 causes of renal
A
- tubular - ATN due to ischemia
- glomerular (acute clomerularnephritis)
- vascular - renal art. occ., TTP, HUS
- interstitial (AIN) - often due to drugs
12
Q
2 main causes of ATN
A
- ischemic - severe decline in renal flow (shock, sepsis, heart failure)
- nephrotoxic - due to substances
13
Q
char. of renal
A
edema, may be able to recover
14
Q
4 lab findings in renal
A
- decreased BUN to Cr. ratio - urea less absorbed
- increased urine Na - poor reabsorb
- decreases urine osmolatiry - water not absorbed
- dec. urine/plasma Cr ratio
15
Q
def. post renal
A
least common
- can’t get urine out
