Humoral Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors on Mature Naive B-Cell

A

IgM, IgD, Ig-alpha & Ig-beta

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2
Q

Types of B-cells

A

B2

- Follicular ---- circulating in blood
- Marginal ---- in spleen

B1
-Mucosa, limited specificity

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3
Q

What are common problems with vaccines?

A

1) Some specific viral epitopes can’t be used in a vaccine
2) Individual genetics
3) Allergic reactions
4) Does not work on the very young or old

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4
Q

Traits for a good vaccine

A

1) Safe
2) Provides long-lasting protection against LIVE pathogen
3) Inexpensive and easily distributed

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5
Q

What are some effector functions of Antibodies?

A

1) Opsonization and phagocytosis
2) ADCC - tagging for killing by NK
3) Direct neutralization via attaching to pathogen
4) Initiating the Classical Complement System
5) Therapeutics – IVIG for 1) rapid protection following pathogen exposure and 2) stopping autoimmune diseases by binding to Fc Receptors

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6
Q

What is a Follicle Dendritic cell

A
  • Cell that resides in germinal center
  • Decides which B-cell lives (high affinity) and which dies (low affinity)
  • Creates Plasma cells and Memory B cells
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7
Q

B-Cell First Signal steps

A

1) Ag binds to the Ig on the B-cell
- Generally needs more than one Ag binding (cross-linking) to have stronger signal
2) Ig-alpha and Ig-beta transmit signal via phosphorylation of Syk
3) Syk phosphorylates adaptor proteins
4) Adaptor proteins initiate a signal cascade to a) GDP/GTP exchange with Ras & Rac and b) PLC-y activation ——-> NFAT, NFkB AP1 gene transcription

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8
Q

B-cell first signal outcomes

A

1) B-cell proliferation
2) Th interaction (as a result of Ag activation)
3) Migration to T-cell (upreg of CCR7)
4) Secretion of IgM
5) Increase cytokine receptors

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9
Q

B-Cell First signal amplifiers

A

1) Ag with bound C3d —- CD21 on B-cell binds to the C3d and causes enhancement of BCR signal
2) PAMP from Ag — PAMP binds to TLR and initiates TLR signal cascade that also amplifies the signal

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10
Q

Cytokine functions in the germinal center

A

1) Initiate class switching in the H chain (heavy chain)

2) Alter and proliferate B-cells into differentiated mature cells

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