Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A molecule or part of a molecule recognized but he immune system

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2
Q

Immunogen

A

An antigen that evokes a specific immune response

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3
Q

Tolerogen

A

An antigen that creates does not lead to immune response though it should, immunologic tolerance

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4
Q

Type of Antigens

A

1) Endogenous

2) Exogenous

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5
Q

Endogenous Antigens

A

1) Autoantigens - a normal protein or molecule that is recognized by the body in an immune response - self antigen
2) Alloantigens - An antigen that is tissue specific and only present in one individual from a species (i.e. MHC/HLA)
3) Intracellular Pathogens - viruses, bacteria, etc.

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6
Q

Epitope

A

The part of the antigen that touches either the antibody or the MHC/HLA complex that is presenting it

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7
Q

T-Dependent Ags vs T-Independent Ags

A

T-Dependent - Antigen that requires help from B and T Cells to initiate an antigen response

T-Independent - Antigen that does not requires help from B and T cells to initiate a response (typically polysaccharides and lipids)

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8
Q

What portion of epitopes are recognized by T Lymphocytes?

A

The primary AA sequence are recognized by TCRs, not the free peptides

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9
Q

What are gamma/delta T-lymphocytes?

A

T cell that reside in the epithelial/muscosal areas of the body
Key features:
1) Can recognize DAMPS
2) Don’t discriminate on MHC/HLA class
3) Recognize lipid Ags

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10
Q

Immunodominant epitopes

A

Specific peptides out of many that can oknly be presented to the T cell to stimulate an immune response

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11
Q

Haptens

A

Molecules that need a carrier protein to induce an immune response - important for drugs (i.e. penicillin causes allergic rxn only when it interacts with proteins in the body)

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12
Q

What are superantigens?

A

Antigens that results in an excessive immune response (hyperactive) - examples include food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome bacteria

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