Cytokines & Immune Regulators Flashcards
What are the cytokines produced by T-cells?
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, IL-17, IL-22, TGF-b, IFN-y
IL-2 (Function, Source)
proliferate T cells - CD25 makes high affinity ; activated T cell
Helps activate and proliferate CD8 When secreted by Th1
IL-4 (Function, Source)
Turns B-cell -> IgM antibody (B-cell proliferation); Th2 cells ; m2 macrophage proliferation
IL-5 (Function, Source)
up regulate eosinophils/Mast; Th2 cells, Mast
IL-17 (Function, Source)
increase acute inflammation; Th17, other cells
Antimicrobial activity is prime function
IL-22 (Function, Source)
maintain the endothelium barrier and serves antimicrobial function; Th17, NK cells
TGF-b (Function, Source)
inhibits T cell proliferation; T-Regs, M2 macrophages
IFN-y (Function, Source, Target)
1) Stimulates Th1 proliferation, CLASS II HLA and B7 (CD80) expression
2) Autocrine - activates Th1 and when secreted, either activates macrophages to kill or B-cells
3) Tfh cells - class switch their Abs/Complement binding (ACTIVATE B cell PROLIFERATION)
Also stimulates m1 macrophages when secreted by NK cells
IL-12 (Function/target, source)
1) (proliferates Th1 (during immunologic synapse binding) & activates NK cells
2) Secreted by activated APCs
IL-15 (Function/target, source)
1) Keeps Memory T-Cells alive
2) Secreted by phagocytes
IL-6
1) Proliferates Th17
2) Causes Fever, Acute phase response
IL-1
1) Proliferates Th17 ; inflammation response
2) Pro-inflammatory, Fever, Acute phase response
3) Secreted by activated macrophages (M1), neutrophils (DAMPS also increase production)
Vascular permeability
IL-17
- Secreted by Th17
- Proinflammatory, neutrophil response, antimicrobial
IL-22
- Secreted by Th17
- Proinflammatory, neutrophil response, antimicrobial, BARRIER PROTECTION
IL-13
M2 macrophage proliferation
CXCR5
Activates B-cell and T-cell to move to primary follicle (boundary of lymph medulla and follicle for contact)
Bcl-2
Anti-apoptotic protein expressed by Memory B-Cells to avoid degradation — allows them to live a long time in the body
ICOS / ICOS-L (ligand)
- Tfh needs it in the germinal center to induce differentiation of B-cells
- co stimulator similar to B7(cd80)
- Ligand on the B-cell
- Essential for Tfh function in follicle area
Activation-Induced Deaminase (AID)
Enzyme responsible for switch recombination in Fc (constant region) —- also, along with Ape I Endonuclease, leads to somatic hypermutation (affinity maturation)
-Converts Cs to Us in Fc region
Ape I Endonuclease
Enzyme responsible for creating “nick” in DNA after AID enzyme converts Cs to Us –> leads to somatic hypermutation in variable region
IL-7
Essential for early T-cell development and Memory B-cell survival
IL-8
Guide neutrophils to inflammation site after migration to tissues from blood vessels
TNF-alpha
- Fever, pro-inflammatory, activates vascular permeability
- Secreted by neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes
