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Junior Cert Science- > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do humans reproduce

A

Sexually (2 parents)

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2
Q

Do both parents produce sex cells?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Was is the sex cel a,so known as

A

Gamete

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4
Q

What is the male gamete

A

Sperm

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5
Q

What is the female gamete

A

Egg

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6
Q

What two things join during fertilisation

A

The sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus

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7
Q

What is fertilisation

A

Fertilisation occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg

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8
Q

Where does fertilisation occurs

A

The Fallopian tube

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9
Q

Function of testes

A

To produce sperm

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10
Q

Function of scrotum

A

To hold the testes outside the body which favours sperm production (temp 2 degrees lower)

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11
Q

Sperm duct function

A

To carry sperm from testes to the penis

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12
Q

Prostate gland function

A

To produce fluid which nourishes the sperm

Fluid + sperm = semen

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13
Q

Penis function

A

To deliver sperm into the woman’s body

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14
Q

Ovary function

A

To produce eggs

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15
Q

Fallopian tube function

A

To carry the egg towards the womb. Fertilisation occurs here

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16
Q

Womb (uterus) function

A

To hold baby during pregnancy

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17
Q

Cervix function

A

The entrance to the womb

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18
Q

Vagina function.

A

To hold the penis during sexual intercourse. To allow childbirth

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19
Q

What is menstruation

A

The shedding of the lining of the uterus (commonly referred to as ‘having a period’)

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20
Q

How long does the menstrual cycle last

A

28 days

21
Q

What happens during days 1-5

A

Lining of uterus breaking down (menstruation)

22
Q

What happens during days 6-13

A

Lining of womb develops

23
Q

What happens during day 14

A

Ovulation

24
Q

What happens during days 15-28

A

Lining remains in place

25
Q

During what days does menustration occur

A

1-5

26
Q

During what days does the new lining develop

A

6-13

27
Q

What happens on day 14

A

Ovulation

28
Q

What days do the lining remain in place

A

15-28

29
Q

What is ovulation

A

The release of an egg from the ovary and occurs around day 14

30
Q

What is reproduction

A

The production of new individuals

31
Q

When is the fertile period

A

11-16

32
Q

How long can the sperm and egg each stay alive for

A

Sperm - up to 3

Egg - 2

33
Q

What is sexual intercourse

A

When the erect penis of the male is placed in the vagina of the female

34
Q

WHat does fertilisation result in

A

a zygote

35
Q

How does a zygote turn into a foetus

A

A zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus

36
Q

What is an embryo

A

A ball of cells made from the many decisions a zygote has gone through

37
Q

What is implantation

A

When the embryo gets attached to the linings of the uterus within a few days of fertilisation

38
Q

What is the membrane the foetus gets surrounded by

A

Amnion

39
Q

What liquid fills up the amnion

A

Amniotic fluid

40
Q

After how many weeks can an embryo get recognised as a human

A

8

41
Q

How many weeks does pregnancy usually last?

A

40

42
Q

Explain how the placenta and umbilical cord attach to the baby

A

The placenta forms early in pregnancy.
• The baby’s blood passes through the umbilical cord to and from the placenta.
• The umbilical cord attaches to the lining of the uterus.
• The umbilical cord attaches to the baby at the belly button.

43
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

The placenta’s function is to allow materials to pass between the mother and the baby in the uterus.
– Food and oxygen pass from the mother’s blood into the baby’s blood.
– Waste products pass from the baby to the mother.
– Along with these useful functions the placenta also allows harmful substances pass into the baby.

44
Q

State 5 things that happen during birth

A
  1. Contractions begin (muscles in the uterus contract).
  2. ‘Breaking of the waters’ (liquid, or amniotic fluid or fluid escapes).
  3. Cervix dilates (widens).
  4. The baby is pushed through the cervix (into the vagina)
  5. Placenta pushed out after.
45
Q

What is puberty

A

Puberty is the stage in life during which a person becomes sexually mature

46
Q

Puberty in girls

A
  1. Puberty brings about an increase in size of ovaries and womb
  2. Marks the start of the menstrual cycle.
  3. Other characteristics include pubic hair, wider hips, growth spurt, breasts grow, ‘spots’.
47
Q

Puberty in boys

A
  1. Puberty brings about an increase in the size of the penis and testes.
  2. Marks the start of semen production.
  3. Other characteristics include pubic, facial and body hair; growth spurt; deeper voice, increased muscle, ‘spots’.
48
Q

What is contraception

A

Contraception involves the prevention of a woman getting pregnant.

49
Q

Ways of contraception

A
  1. Natural Methods: Detect day of ovulation and avoid intercourse during fertile period.
  2. Artificial Methods: Using a condom or surgery to close off the sperm ducts or fallopian tubes.
  3. Preventing Implantation: Taking ‘the pill’ which prevents an egg forming or being released in the ovary.

Junior Cert Science- (39 decks)

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