Fuels

Question 1

What a re the 3 conditions needed to make a fire

Answer 1

Oxygen
Fuel
Heat

Question 2

How might you take out a fire

Answer 2

Remove one part of the fire triangle

Question 3

What are fossil fuels

Answer 3

Fossil fuels are fuels that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

Question 4

Examples of fossil fuels

Answer 4

Peat
Coal
Natural Gas
Turf

Question 5

What is the chemical in common in each fossil fuel

Answer 5

HYDROCRABON

Question 6

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only

Question 7

Name a source of hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Fossil fuels

Question 8

What do fossil fuels produce when burned

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O)

Question 9

How was coal formed

Answer 9

From trees and ferns that died and were buried and compressed under swamps

Question 10

How are oil and natural gas formed

Answer 10

From animals and plants that lived in the sea. Their remains were buried under layers of sand and seabed. As the pressure increased they eventually formed oil and natural gas

Question 11

What is natural gas mainly made up of

Answer 11

Methane

Question 12

Facts about methane

Answer 12

Methane is also composed of hydrogen and carbon
The symbol for methane is CH4
When it is burned carbon dioxide and water are produced

Question 13

Explain the greenhouse effect

Answer 13

Heat from the sun is being trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases
This causes the temperature of the earth to rise
Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels
This causes the earth to become Warmer and leads to global warming
This has many effects such as melting of the polar ice caps and increasing flooding on land o

Question 14

Explain how acid rain forms

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water in the atmosphere to form carbonic acids which has a pH of 5.5
However the burning of fossil fuels has lead to lowering of the pH to 2 or 3

Question 15

Rainwater has always been mildly acidic true or false

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What might influence acid rain

Answer 16

Industrial activities

Question 17

Fossil fuels contain no sulphur true or false

Answer 17

False

Many consign small amounts especially coal

Question 18

What is the main culprit to acid rain

Answer 18

Sulphuric acid

Question 19

How is sulphuric acid formed

Answer 19

As fossil fuels get burned sulphur that is release Combines with oxygen and forms sulphur dioxide (SO2) which gets released into the air
When this gas dissolved in water it forms sulphuric acid which is corrosive

Question 20

Car exhausts emit oxides of nitrogen true or false

Answer 20

True

Question 21

How does nitric acid form

Answer 21

Car exhausts emit oxides of nitrogen

When they dissolved with water vapour in the atmosphere they form nitric acid which has a low pH

Question 22

At what pH does rain become acid rain

Answer 22

Below 5.5

Question 23

What is the effect of acid ra on limestone and plants

Answer 23

It corrodes limestone and iron

It destroys lakes, kills fish and harms trees

Question 24

How can we reduce the effects of acid rain

Answer 24

Use low sulphur fuels such as natural gas (methane) rather than coal turf oil

Burn less fossil fuels and use renewable energy sources such as wind energy solar energy etc

Plant trees

Question 25

What is a fuel

Answer 25

A fuel is a substance that burns oxygen to produce heat