human population and demography Flashcards
define human population ecology
studies how indiv in an area r affected by various factors
define human demography
study of human population and its changes overtime through statical methods
true or false:
prior to Industrial Revolution, birth rates and death rates were both very high, which kept the global human population relatively unstable
false - stable
what year did it reach 1 billion people
around 1800s
what played heavily in reducing mortality rates
modern medicine and sanitation
what is one unreliable way to reduce fertility
birth control pill
it was introduced in 1960
what year did human population grew to 5 million ppl and how long did it take
year 600 B.C.
took abt 2.5 years
what year did human population grew to 500 million ppl and how long did it take
year 1650 A.D
took 8000 years
what year did it reached
1 billion-
2 billion-
4 billion-
8 billion-
1 billion- year1850
2 billion- year 1930
4 billion- year 1970
8 billion- recent census estimate
in 2010, which country has the greatest and least human population
greatest - china
least - brazil
in 2050, predict which country has the greatest and least human population
greatest - india
least - indonesia
it is the annual average rate of change of population size
growth rate
what is the growth rate of human population
1.21%
why is there an increase of population
migration (move from one county to another)
agriculture
controlling disease spreading
how does population growth differs between developed countries and developing countries
developing countries increases 9 times than developed ones
what is the prediction of distribution of human population in 2050
95% increase in developing countries
briefly describe the characteristics of a population in highly developed states and developing states
birth rate
infant mortality
fertility rate
life expectancy
economic power
highly developed states
- low birth rate
- low infant mortality
- low fertility rate
- higher life expectancy
- higher economic power
developing states
- high birth rate
- high infant mortality
- high fertility rate
- shorter life expectancy
- lower economic power
what are the factors influencing human population size
migration
births (fertility)
deaths (mortality)
a measure of how many children are being born to a woman over her reproductive years
fertility rate
a measure of deaths in a population
mortality rate
a measure of the movement of people in or out of an area
migration
define
emigration:
immigration:
❖ Emigration: moving out (or moves away) from an area (e.g., a country) and transfer to another (A person emigrating from India to Canada for better job opportunities.)
❖ Immigration: moving into an area from another (Seasonal workers immigrating to a farming region during the harvest season.)
what causes humans to migrate
economic
quality of life
availability of resources
climate
what affects birth and fertility rate
children as part of the labor force
cost of rising and educating children
availability of private and public pension
average age of a woman at birth of first child
availability of legal abortions
religious beliefs, traditions and cultural norms