biodiversity Flashcards
define biodiversity
refers to the variety of life on Earth
what are the levels that biodiversity is observed
ecological diversity
species diversity
-species richness
-species evenness
genetic diversity
briefly explain the different levels of biodiversity
ecological diversity: variation of diff ecosystem in a specified area, location, region (higher variety of ecosystem = high ecological diversity)
genetic diversity: variation found within the same species. responsible for the uniqueness of every living organisms (high genetic diversity = wide range of characteristics) fr ex: diff type of banana
species diversity: variation of diff organisms in an ecosystem. measured in terms of the total no. found in a particular area (high variation of species = higher species diversity)
briefly explain the 2 components of species diversity
species richness:
total no. of species in the community (count no. of unique species)
species evenness:
proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community (describe the distribution & abundance of species)
how many crops provide our body’s energy requirement
30
how many species of mammals and birds domesticates for food
40
how many species account for 90% of livestock production
14
forests and mountains provide _____ - ___________
aquifers - source of water we drink
what are some type of materials that biodiversity proivde for shelter and clothing
fiber
timber
bamboo
cogon
anahaw
rattan
what are some source of medicine for cancer pain
cone snail living in corals
about ____ of the world’s biodiversity resources with medicinal values are in ____
80%
forests
what are some type of biodiversity brings income to millions
livelihood (selling fish, fruit, vege, furniture making)
forestry, agriculture and fisheries
biotechnology, pharmaceuticals
ecotourism
how does biodiversity soothes
nature tripping
mountain climbing
bird watching
inspiration to artists for their masterpieces
true or false:
we all depend on biodiversity to survive
true
what are the areas with the highest diversity
biodiversity hotspots:
north & south america
africa
europe
asia
australia
what are the 5 biodiversity hotspots
tropical andes
sundaland
madgascar
brazil’s atlantic forest
Caribbean
what does the 5 hotspots contain
endemic plants
vertebrates amounting to at 2% of total species world-wide
scientists estimate that as many as ___ species per hour are going extinct and ___ extinctions occur each year
3
20 000
threats to biodiversity
habitat destruction
invasive species/ species introduction
pollution
population growth of humans
exploitation/ overharvesting
global climate change
what causes habitat destruction (examples)
human activities (building town, cities, industrialization and other developments)
natural phenomena (typhoon, wildfires)
overexploitation of natural resources- removed from the environment at a rate faster than it can be replaced
what happens to organisms when they loss their habitat
lack of food
fewer place to shelter
difficult finding mates
exposure to harmful elements
= population declines = possible extinction
these are species that are not a natural part of an area or ecosystem
invasive species
when does invasive species are introduuced
competition happens
displaces normal out of their natural habitat
what are some type of invasive species found in the philippines (and its native)
golden apple snail (south america)
tilapia (africa)
water lilies (south america)
eurasian sparrow (spain)
what is the nickname of the eurasian sparrow and what does it eat
winged rat
rice
this invasive species decreases the oxygen levels of water, affecting the aquatic organisms
water lilies
this invasive species is part of a filipino diet
tilapia
contaminants that change and damage the ecosystem can lead to loss of habitat
pollution
what happens if there is an increase of human population
many will destroy the habitat
intro of invasive species
high amt. of pollution
exploit of natural resources
it is the exploitation of natural resources for human consumption
overharvesting
what are the problems and solutions of biodiversity loss
problems: irresponsible human practices contribute to biodiversity loss
solution: humans have the knowledge, expertise and financial resources to conserve biodiversity
what are the difference between endangered species and threatened species
endangered species: species r on the near possibility of becoming extinct
threatened species: near possibility of becoming endanger
philippines have an estimated total of ____described species. ____ plant species and ____ animal species
53 000
15 000
38 000
what are some selected endangered species in the philippines
philippine crocodile (100 indiv)
philippine eagle (400 adult indiv)
philippine wild pigs
what are the importance of conserving biodiversity
humans are reliant to natural resources: food and meds
ecosystem servces: variety of orhganism participate in many interationns in the enviro
differecnce between ex situ conversation and in situ conversation (with examples)
ex situ conversation: conserved away from their natural habitat (zoo, aquarium, botanic gardens)
in situ conversation: conserves within their natural habitat (natural parks, natural reserves)
what are some examples of ecological diversity
forests
rivers
mangroves
marine wetlands
true or false:
aside from breathtaking natural attractions, the philippines is also a host to numerous unique species of plants and philippine wildlife
true
what is the percentage of terrestrial mammals?
tamaraw - 65%
what is the percentage of birds?
cockatoo - 36%
what is the percentage of reptiles?
crocodile - 69%
what is the percentage of amphibians?
big-eyed frog - 81%
what is the percentage of flora?
pitcher - 50%
what are some examples of endemic and native plants
sanggumay
vanda sanderiana
dona aurora
explain why the philippine eagle, crocodile and wild pigs are endangered
eagle
crocodile
wild pigs are endangered
