human impact Flashcards
it is adding of impurities to the environment
environmental pollution
environmental pollution is an undesirable change in ____, ____ and _____ characteristics of air, water and soil which causes _____ to all the living things
chemical
physical
biological
health problem
what are the types of pollution
air pollution
water pollution
soil pollution
noise pollution
nuclear pollution
e-waste
true or false:
pollution can be either indoor pollution or outdoor pollution
true
briefly explain the 3 classifications of pollutants
degradable or non-persistent pollutants:
can be broken down rapidly by natural process (domestic waste, garbage and sewage)
slowly degradable or persistent pollutants:
remains in enviro for a very long time, in unchanged condition for few decades (pesticides, aerosol, plastic)
non-degradable pollutants:
never get degraded by any natural process (toxic elements like lead, mercury, nuclear waste)
give examples of these types of pollutants
gases -
industrial waste -
metal waste -
acids -
agro pesticides -
domestic waste -
radioactive waste -
e-waste -
gases - NO2, SO2, CO2
industrial waste - soot, smoke, tar, dust
metal waste - mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium
acids - H2SO4, MNO3
agro pesticides - herbicides, bactericides, weedicides, fungicides
domestic waste - garbage, rubbish
radioactive waste - nuclear ash from atomic reactors
e-waste - from IT sector
it can be defined as addition of any contaminants to the air which causes harm to the health of living organisms
air pollution
what is the major contributor of air pollution
human activities
what are the types of sources of air pollution
natural sources
manmade sources
briefly explain the types of pollutants
primary pollutants:
emitted directly from a source
secondary pollutants:
not directly emitted but forms when other pollutants (pri pollutants) react in the atmosphere
what are the primary pollutants (percentage)
carbon monoxide (49.1)
sulfur oxides (16.4)
nitrogen oxides (14.8)
volatile organics (13.6)
what are the man-made sources of the primary pollutants (percentage)
transportation (46.2)
stationary source fuel combustion (27.3)
industrial process (15)
miscellaneous (9)
solid waste disposal (2.5)
what are the sources of the primary pollutants by nature and human activities
NATURE
not in human cotrol:
volcanoes
breaking seas (waves)
pollens ()
accentuated by human:
blowing dust
bacteria/ viruses
fire
HUMAN ACTIVITES
combustion process
chemical processes
nuclear or atomic processes
refining/ heating/ roasting processes
faring/ mining/ qurrying processes
what are the secondary pollutants
acid rain - rection of water and SO2/ SO3
photochemical smog - harmful mixture formed by gases of nitrogen and particulate matter
ozone - contri to photochemical smog
briefly explain how is photochemical smog is formed
factories and cars releases theses into the air through chemical reaction:
v. fine particles (PM 2.5)
nitrogen oxides
volatile organic compounds
sulfur oxides
when they r exposed to sunlight = chemical reaction to form photochemical oxidants (main component of photochemical smog)
the photochemical smog can concentrate into visible haze/ cloud = air pollution
health effects: eye irritation and soar throat
what are the effects of air pollution on living and non living things
LIVING THINGS
humans:
irritation of body parts and systems
radioactive dust = genetic effects on next generation
mercury from combustion of fossil fuel = affect brain, nerves and kidney
vegetation:
reducing their growth
productivity is reduced
roots bcm weak and less effective at absorbing nutrients
plant leaves turn pale/ discolor
animals:
disruption of endocrine function
organ injury
increased vulnerability to stresses and diseases
lower reproductive success
deaths
NON LIVING THINGS
on materials:
corrode and abrasion of metals
acid gases and acid rain = affect strength of textile, building materials and quality of paper and leather
paint discoloration by SO2 and H2S
on climate:
climate change worsen air pollution = more greenhouse gases trap heat
hot conditions = create smog and increase particulate pollution
lead to climate change and global warming as greenhse gas (CO2 and methane) trap heat in the atmosphere
contri to smog formation (VOCs and NOx)
prevention of air pollution
promoting public transportation usage
reducing energy consumption
reduction of forest fire
popularize afforestation (plant tress)
investment into renewable energy
improving waste management
clean public transportation
increasing no. of parks
available refilling options
lichens there are symbiotic relationship between ____ and ____
algae and fungi
symbiotic relationship in simple terms:
close and long term interaction btwn diff species where they live tgt
true or false:
air pollution in the Philippines is one of the 3 biggest environmental issue
false - 4
true or false :
philippines is the 69th most polluted air in the world in 2020
false - 2022
air pollution in the Philippines are mostly from
burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil
true or false:
air pollution in the Philippines is caused by vehicular emissions, particularly in areas like Metro Manila
true
in 2022, what are other recorded surges in air pollution outside metro manila
San Fernando City Station in Pampanga
Antipolo City Station
Binan City Station
Puerto Princesa City Station
Davao City Station
what are the common observation on air quality now
lifting covid 19 restrictions particularly deteriorated air quality in Metro Manila
use of firecrackers during new year celebrations
