human impact

Question 1

it is adding of impurities to the environment

Answer 1

environmental pollution

Question 2

environmental pollution is an undesirable change in ____, ____ and _____ characteristics of air, water and soil which causes _____ to all the living things

Answer 2

chemical
physical
biological
health problem

Question 3

what are the types of pollution

Answer 3

air pollution
water pollution
soil pollution
noise pollution
nuclear pollution
e-waste

Question 4

true or false:
pollution can be either indoor pollution or outdoor pollution

Answer 4

true

Question 5

briefly explain the 3 classifications of pollutants

Answer 5

degradable or non-persistent pollutants:
can be broken down rapidly by natural process (domestic waste, garbage and sewage)

slowly degradable or persistent pollutants:
remains in enviro for a very long time, in unchanged condition for few decades (pesticides, aerosol, plastic)

non-degradable pollutants:
never get degraded by any natural process (toxic elements like lead, mercury, nuclear waste)

Question 6

give examples of these types of pollutants

gases -
industrial waste -
metal waste -
acids -
agro pesticides -
domestic waste -
radioactive waste -
e-waste -

Answer 6

gases - NO2, SO2, CO2
industrial waste - soot, smoke, tar, dust
metal waste - mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium
acids - H2SO4, MNO3
agro pesticides - herbicides, bactericides, weedicides, fungicides
domestic waste - garbage, rubbish
radioactive waste - nuclear ash from atomic reactors
e-waste - from IT sector

Question 7

it can be defined as addition of any contaminants to the air which causes harm to the health of living organisms

Answer 7

air pollution

Question 8

what is the major contributor of air pollution

Answer 8

human activities

Question 9

what are the types of sources of air pollution

Answer 9

natural sources
manmade sources

Question 10

briefly explain the types of pollutants

Answer 10

primary pollutants:
emitted directly from a source
secondary pollutants:
not directly emitted but forms when other pollutants (pri pollutants) react in the atmosphere

Question 11

what are the primary pollutants (percentage)

Answer 11

carbon monoxide (49.1)
sulfur oxides (16.4)
nitrogen oxides (14.8)
volatile organics (13.6)

Question 12

what are the man-made sources of the primary pollutants (percentage)

Answer 12

transportation (46.2)
stationary source fuel combustion (27.3)
industrial process (15)
miscellaneous (9)
solid waste disposal (2.5)

Question 13

what are the sources of the primary pollutants by nature and human activities

Answer 13

NATURE
not in human cotrol:
volcanoes
breaking seas (waves)
pollens ()

accentuated by human:
blowing dust
bacteria/ viruses
fire

HUMAN ACTIVITES
combustion process
chemical processes
nuclear or atomic processes
refining/ heating/ roasting processes
faring/ mining/ qurrying processes

Question 14

what are the secondary pollutants

Answer 14

acid rain - rection of water and SO2/ SO3
photochemical smog - harmful mixture formed by gases of nitrogen and particulate matter
ozone - contri to photochemical smog

Question 15

briefly explain how is photochemical smog is formed

Answer 15

factories and cars releases theses into the air through chemical reaction:
v. fine particles (PM 2.5)
nitrogen oxides
volatile organic compounds
sulfur oxides

when they r exposed to sunlight = chemical reaction to form photochemical oxidants (main component of photochemical smog)

the photochemical smog can concentrate into visible haze/ cloud = air pollution
health effects: eye irritation and soar throat

Question 16

what are the effects of air pollution on living and non living things

Answer 16

LIVING THINGS
humans:
irritation of body parts and systems
radioactive dust = genetic effects on next generation
mercury from combustion of fossil fuel = affect brain, nerves and kidney

vegetation:
reducing their growth
productivity is reduced
roots bcm weak and less effective at absorbing nutrients
plant leaves turn pale/ discolor

animals:
disruption of endocrine function
organ injury
increased vulnerability to stresses and diseases
lower reproductive success
deaths

NON LIVING THINGS
on materials:
corrode and abrasion of metals
acid gases and acid rain = affect strength of textile, building materials and quality of paper and leather
paint discoloration by SO2 and H2S

on climate:
climate change worsen air pollution = more greenhouse gases trap heat
hot conditions = create smog and increase particulate pollution
lead to climate change and global warming as greenhse gas (CO2 and methane) trap heat in the atmosphere
contri to smog formation (VOCs and NOx)

Question 17

prevention of air pollution

Answer 17

promoting public transportation usage
reducing energy consumption
reduction of forest fire
popularize afforestation (plant tress)
investment into renewable energy
improving waste management
clean public transportation
increasing no. of parks
available refilling options

Question 18

lichens there are symbiotic relationship between ____ and ____

Answer 18

algae and fungi

symbiotic relationship in simple terms:
close and long term interaction btwn diff species where they live tgt

Question 19

true or false:
air pollution in the Philippines is one of the 3 biggest environmental issue

Answer 19

false - 4

Question 20

true or false :
philippines is the 69th most polluted air in the world in 2020

Answer 20

false - 2022

Question 21

air pollution in the Philippines are mostly from

Answer 21

burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil

Question 22

true or false:
air pollution in the Philippines is caused by vehicular emissions, particularly in areas like Metro Manila

Answer 22

true

Question 23

in 2022, what are other recorded surges in air pollution outside metro manila

Answer 23

San Fernando City Station in Pampanga
Antipolo City Station
Binan City Station
Puerto Princesa City Station
Davao City Station

Question 24

what are the common observation on air quality now

Answer 24

lifting covid 19 restrictions particularly deteriorated air quality in Metro Manila
use of firecrackers during new year celebrations

Question 25

identify the major air pollutants:
CO2 is released by complete combustion of fossil fuels and CO; a very toxic gas is released by automobile exhausts.

Answer 25

carbon compounds

Question 26

identify the major air pollutants:
through the thermal power plants, using coal and from the oil refineries, SO2 , H2S, H2SO4, are released

Answer 26

sulfur compounds

Question 27

identify the major air pollutants:
these oxides like NO, NO2, HNO3 are released by automobiles, power plants and industries

Answer 27

nitrogen oxides

Question 28

identify the air pollutants:
due to cooling industries the CFC is released which has affected the O3 in the atmosphere.

Answer 28

ozone

Question 29

identify the air pollutants:
they are produced by the industrial and insecticide spray.

Answer 29

fluorides

Question 30

identify the air pollutants:
they are released by the automobiles e.g. Benzene, Benzylpyrene etc.

Answer 30

hydrocarbons

Question 31

identify the air pollutants:
the metal such as lead, nickel, tin, beryllium, titanium are present in to form of solid particles produced by metallurgical processes.

Answer 31

metals

Question 32

identify the air pollutants:
the product such as PAN, Pb2N are the photochemical smog produced by automobile.

Answer 32

photochemical matter

Question 33

identify the air pollutants:
the suspended particulate matter (SPM) is released into the air by the stone crushing industries and dust, and the ash from the thermal power plants. PM 2.5 is the most harmful to human health due to its small size

Answer 33

particulate matter

Question 34

identify the air pollutants:
they are mainly the bacterial cells, fungal spores and pollens

Answer 34

biological particulate