biogeochemical cycle Flashcards
biogeochemical is one of the several natural cycle in which conserved matter moves through the ____ and ____ parts of an ecosystem
biotic and abiotic
in biology, conserved matter refers to the finite amt. of matter, in the forms of _____, that is present within the earth
atoms
where does the earth receive energy
sun which gives off heat
biogeochemical cycle is a ____ cycle
nutrient
true or false:
more or less circular paths of the chemical elements passing back and forth between organisms and environment.
true
what are the 2 general group of biogeochemical cycle
perfect- gaseous
(recycle the element perpetually between organisms and the non-living environment with little loss over time)
imperfect- sedimentary
(exchanges into other reservoirs and significant losses through chemical/ geological processes)
what are the abiotic component
lithosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
it is the process that changes liquid water to
gaseous water
evaporation
it is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water
condensation
any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls to the Earth
precipitation
process of water vapor being released from plants and soil
transpiration
flow, is the flow of water
occurring on the ground surface
runoff
runoff is also known as
overland flow
water cycle is aka
hydrological cycle
describes the way that water is circulated and recycles throughout earth’s system
water cycle
why is the water cycle is an important process
enables availability of water for all living organisms and regulates weather patterns on our planet
enumerate the 5 stages of water cycle in order
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
runoff
it describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the earth and then back into atmosphere
carbon cycle
true or false:
since our planet and its atmosphere form a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change.
true
briefly explain the 5 stages of carbon cycle
- C enter the atmosphere via CO2
- CO2 is absorbed and used as energy
- C compounds enter the food chain
- C reenters atmosphere via decomposition
- repeat
briefly explain the types of sources of carbon
natural:
death of plants and animals
animal waste
methane from ruminant animals
cellular respiration
volcanic eruptions
anthropological:
burning of woods
motor vehicles
burning of fossil fuels
a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is
converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere
nitrogen cycle
briefly explain the 5 stages of nitrogen cycle
- nitrogen fixation
- nitrification
- assimilation
- ammonification
- denitrification
this uses nitrogen in the form of NH4+ or NO3-
plants and bacteria
nitrogen serves as an ____ in _____ environment
electron receptor
anaerobic
this is often the most limiting nutrient in soil and water
nitrogen
sources of nitrogen
inorganic fertilizers
nitrogen fixation
animal residue
crop residues
organic fertilizers
forms of nitrogen:
CO(NH2)2
urea
forms of nitrogen:
NH3 (gaseous)
ammonia
forms of nitrogen:
NH4
ammonium
forms of nitrogen:
NO3
nitrate
forms of nitrogen:
NO2
nitrite
forms of nitrogen:
N2
atmospheric dinitrogen
a biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil, water, and living and dead organic material
phosphorus cycle
this cycle consists of processes like weathering that takes hundreds of years to complete
phosphorus cycle
it is considered as on of the slowest biogeochemical cycles
phosphorus cycle
it is one of the sacrcest elements found in nature which makes it one of the limiting agents
phosphorus cycle
briefly explain the 4 stages of phosphorus cycle
- weathering
- phosphorus intake by plants
- movements of phosphorus in the food chain
- return of phosphorus in the ecosystem
human disturbances can _____ and _____
disrupt an ecosystem
threaten the survival of some species
what are the anthropogenic changes (induced by human activity) in the environment
habit destruction
pollution
introduction to invasive species
overexploitation
climate change
human activities such as polluting the water bodies or deforestation have increased the ____ level in the atmosphere and ____ level in the biosphere + cultural eutrophication
CO2
nitrogen
what causes an imbalance in biogeochemical cycles
human activities
does phosphorus have a gaseous state?
is it reactive or unreactive?
no gaseous state
unreactive
hence moves very slowly in the cycle
what allows the phosphorus to transport it quickly
a gaseous phase allows molecules to be transported quickly
phosphorus is stored in large amt of ___ in the ___ or ___ and is recycled back to the surface only over very long periods of time through upwelling of ocean waters
sediments
ocean
earth’s crust
