ecosystem Flashcards
it is a community of diff living organisms in conjunction with the non living components of their environment, interacting as a system
ecosystem
it is a collection of all organisms that live in a particular place tgt with their nonliving environment
ecosystem
it is the scientific study of the interactions or relationships between organisms and the environment
ecology
what are the components of ecosystem
abiotic components
biotic components
what are the factors of the abiotic components
climatic factors
edaphic factors
what are the climatic factors
temp
wind
light
rain
what are the edaphic factors
soil
pH
minerals
topography
what are the biotic factors
producers (autotrophs)
consumers (heterotrophs)
decomposers (saprotrophs)
what are the different kinds of consumers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
quaternary consumers
what are the earth’s biomes
Lakes and rivers
Oceans
Wetlands
Grasslands
Agricultural and urbane areas
Desert
Tundra
Taiga
Temp forest
Tropical forest
it is connected to or produced by living things, particularly in terms of their ecological relationships
biotic
it is not derived from nor connected to living things.
abiotic
it is a collection of plants and animas that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in
biome
biome are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to shard _____
physical climate
when and who first used “biome”
1916 by Fredric E. Clements an american biologist
what did Frederic E. Clements describe?
he describe the plants and animals in a given habitat
an area’s biomes is determined mostly by its ____ (___ and ____)
climate
temp and precipitation
what are the 6 major land biomes and 2 water biomes
land biomes:
Rainforest
Deserts
Deciduous forest
Grasslands
Boreal forest
Tundra
water biomes:
Marine ecosystem
Freshwater
world’s largest land biome
taiga or boreal rainforest
it is the forest of the cold, subarctic region
taiga or boreal rainforest
what are some animals and plants found in taiga
animals:
moose
lynx
bears
wolves
foxes
squirrels
plants:
pines
oak
maple
elm trees
it is the coldest of all biomes
tundra
tundra came from the finish word, ____, which means ____
tunturi
treeless plain (no tree)
tundura are treeless regions found in the ____ and on tops of ____, where the climate is ____ and ____ and rainfall is ____
Arctic
mountains
cold and windy
scant
tundra lands are covers with ____ for much of the ____, but summer brings bursts of ____
snow
year
wildflowers
what are some animals found in tundra
wolves
reindeer
polar bears
arctic fox
arctic hare
it is covered by water for at leas one season
wetlands
wetlands are also known as
swamps or marshes
it provide habitat for thousands of species of aquatic and terrestrial plants and animals
wetlands
wetland plants are adapted to _____
water - logged soil
what are the types of biomes
Fresh water biomes
Aquatic biomes
Terrestrial biomes
Marine biomes zone
it is often named for major physical or climatic factors and for vegetation
terrestrial biomes
terrestrial biomes is characterized by ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____
distribution
temperature
precipitation
plants
animals
temperate rainforest is found in ____, ____, ____ and ____
eastern north america
northeastern asia
central and western europe
temperate rainforest receives more than _____ of rain per year
300cm (10ft)
most of the trees in temperate rainforest are ____ trees such as ____, ____, _____, ____ and ____
broadleaf
oak
maple
chestnut
beech
hickory
this type of terrestrial biomes is found in regions close to the equator
tropical rainforest
what is temperature and precipitation in tropical forest
warm and humid all year long ‘lots of precipitation
briefly explain the trees in the rainforest from several layers
Emergent - top layer. obtains constant sunlight
Canopy - a leafy roof formed by tallest tree
Understory - second layer of shortest tree and vines
Forest floor - contains decomposing plant material such as leaves, barks and stems
understory plants grow well in ____ formed by _____
shade
canopy
the forest floor is nearly ____ and only _____
dark
a few plant lives there
what is the precipitation like in desert
low annual precipitation
desert has little ____ and ____
vegetation
moisture
this type of terrestrial biomes has a low fragile ecosystem
desert
(this means slow plant growth, low species diversity and lack of water)
in the desert, many organism is only active at ____ when it is ____
night
cooler
savannah is a mixed ____ ecosystem
woodland-grassland
this is a transitional biome, not really a forest and not really a desert
savannah
savannah can receive as much as ____cm of rain per year
120
what can grow in savannah
grass
shrubs
small trees
true or false:
there are “real” savannas such as in africa in the philippines
false - there is no real savannah inthe philippines
this is a type of woodland characterized by a combination of dry soil, warm weather and short hardy shrubs
chaparral
chaparral is dominated by ____ rather than grasses or tall trees
short woody plants
chaparral is unique to ____ and ____
pacific coast
north america
it is characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation
temperate grasslands
what is absent in temperate grasslands
trees and large shrubs
what is the precipitation like in temperate grasslands
highly seasonal
temperate grasslands have ____ and ____ with some ___. and the grasses are adapted to ____ and _____
cold winters
warm summer
rain
droughts and fires
grasslands are many home to many of the _____ on earth
largest animals (elephant, giraffe)
what helps maintain the grasslands
grazing by large herbivores (feed on grass) fr ex: cow, sheep, cattle, horse
what are the types of aquatic biomes
aquatic zonation
aquatic organism
water can be divided into zones based on water depth (amt. of sunlight) and distance from shoreline
aquatic zonation
briefly explain and identify the different aquatic organisms
plankton - lives in water. cannot propel themselves through water (bacteria, algae)
nekton - lives in water. can propel by swimming
(invertebrates - shrimp
vertebrates - fish)
benthos - lives on surface below a body of water (sponges, clam, sea stars)
this type of biomes is where aquatic biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean
marine biomes zone
what are the major marine biomes
neritic
oceanic
benthic
this major biomes occurs in the ocean water over the continental shelf
neritic biomes
it extends from the low-tide water line to the edge of the continental shelf
neritic biomes
what types of aquatic organism can be found in the neritic biomes
phytoplankton
this major biomes is a biotic community that is present in the open ocean
oceanic zone
this major biomes is the lowest ecological zone in a water body, and usually involves the sediments at the seafloor
benthic biomes
what type of organism lives in the benthic zone
benthos/ benthic organisms
this is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals
coral reef
coral reef is formed by ___ held tgt by ___
colonies of coral polyps
calcium carbonate
fresh water biomes is a standing freshwater biomes which are ____ which means water are not flowing in a ____ or ____
stagnat
stream
current
what are the examples of fresh water biomes
lakes
ponds
it is where freshwater meets saltwater of the ocean
estuary
estuary is where ____ mixes with ____
freshwater
saltwater
this type of lake zonation is close to the shore/ bank
littoral zone
what is the rate of light penetration penetrating in littoral zone
high light penetration
what organisms are found in the littoral zone
phytoplankton and floating organism
photosynthesis occur in which lake zonation
limnetic zone
this type of lake zonation is the top layer of lake water away from the shore and cover’s much of the lake surface
limnetic zone
this type of lake zonation is found near the bottom of the lake
profundal zone
what type of organism found in the profundal zone
consumers
decomposers
in profundal zone, are there light penetrating?
no light penetrating = no producers (aka plant)
describe the biodiversity in the profundal zone and littoral zone
profundal zone- low biodiversity
littoral zone- high productivity, high biodiversity
this type of lake zonation is at the bottom of the lake and completely dark
benthic zone
what type of organism are found in benthic zone
decomposers
organism (crayfish, snails)
this type of biomes is where freshwater that moves
running fresh water biomes
what are an example of running fresh water biomes
streams
rivers
____ is smaller than a _____ because a ____ is _____ throughout the earth
ecosystem
biomes
biomes
distributed
what type of organisms found in running fresh water biomes
algae
plants
consumers
what is the difference between biome and ecosystem
biomes are large, geographically defined regions with similar climate and vegetation, encompassing multiple ecosystems.
ecosystems are localized communities of living organisms and their interactions within a specific area, often found within biomes.
what are several factors that influence climate
latitude
geographic features
atmospheric processes disseminate heat and moisture
a major factor in determining types of life that reside in a particular home
climate
true or false:
the exact no. of biomes in this world is still not known and keeps on varying
true
