Human Physiology 6

Question 1

What are the different types of chemoreceptors?

Answer 1

Carbon Dioxide Chemoreceptor (detect high levels of CO2 in medulla oblongata, main regulators of breathing)
Carbon Dioxide Chemoreceptor (also O2 recep, in carotid and aorta, detect change pH in blood, low pH (acidic) = high CO2, breathing increase)
Oxygen Chemoreceptor (also CO2 recep, detect low O2 in carotid and aorta, backup system in case of low O2 and normal CO2)

Question 2

What are the 3 factors that affect breathing rate during exercise?

Answer 2

O2 decrease, CO2 increase, H+ increase

Question 3

How does O2 decrease affect breathing rate?

Answer 3

O2 decrease near heart (carotid and aorta), nerve message sent to medulla oblongata to increase breathing rate (ventilation) (diaphragm and intercostals)

Question 4

How does CO2 increase affect breathing rate

Answer 4

medulla oblongata detects high CO2 levels, oblongata sends nerve signals to diaphragm and intercostals to increase breathing/ventilation

Question 5

How does H+ increase (acidic pH) affect breathing rate?

Answer 5

H+ increase when CO2 increase, increase in breathing rate

Question 6

What are the 5 respiratory system disorders?

Answer 6

pneumonia (alveoli fill with mucus, making gas exchange difficult)

bronchitis (airways inflamed due to infection (acute) or irritant (chronic), coughing bring mucus)

asthma (airways inflamed due to irritation, bronchioles constrict due to muscle spasms)

emphysema (alveoli burst and fuse into large air spaces, SA for gas exchange reduced)

lung/cancer tumor (useless cell mass take up space, less alveoli)