Cell Respiration 1

Question 1

Metabolism: what are anabolic reactions? Provide examples

Answer 1

They build bigger molecules, photosynthesis, bone/muscle growth, 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

Metabolism: what are catabolic reactions? Provide examples

Answer 2

They breakdown molecules, cell respiration, digestion of food into monomers, C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

Universal energy molecule, unstable bond between 3rd phosphate, can be rebuilt by adding E to add the P back to ADP

Question 4

What is Active Transport? Provide an example.

Answer 4

Pumping a molecule/ion against the concentration gradient (low to high), Na/K pump used in the nervous system and other cells

Question 5

Reduction of NAD and Reduction of FAD:

Answer 5

NAD + e- -> NADH

FAD + e- -> FADH2

Question 6

Phosphorylation of ADP to make ATP:

Answer 6

ADP + P -> ATP

Question 7

Oxidation of NADH and Oxidation of FADH2:

Answer 7

NADH -> NAD + e-

FADH2 -> FAD + e-

Question 8

How much ATP does NADH make? FADH2?

Answer 8

3 ATP, 2 ATP

Question 9

What is Aerobic Respiration? Which stages use this?

Answer 9

Uses oxygen, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Kreb’s cycle, ETC and chemiosmosis

Question 10

What is Anaerobic Respiration? Which stages use this?

Answer 10

Does not require oxygen, glycolysis, fermentation

Question 11

What are structures of mitochondrion?

Answer 11

cell membrane, cytoplasm (glycolysis), outer membrane, inner membrane (ETC and chemiosmosis), intermembrane (build up of H), matrix (pyruvate oxidation, Krebs’s cycle)

Question 12

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 12

breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules, cytoplasm, 2 ATP used, 4 ATP and 2 NADH produced, does not require oxygen

Question 13

What is Pyruvate Oxidation?

Answer 13

connects glycolysis in the cytoplasm with the Kreb’s cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, matrix, pyruvate becomes acetyl-CoA (CoA added), one glucose produces two pyruvate, 2 NADH produced, 2 CO2 produced, requires oxygen

Question 14

What is the Kreb’s Cycle?

Answer 14

cyclic series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules (and acetyl-CoA) to ATP, NADH and FADH2, and removes carbon atoms as CO2, matrix, 1 cycle creates 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP, 1 glucose results in 2 cycles, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, requires oxygen

Question 15

What is the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis?

Answer 15

inner membrane, 3 proton pumps pump H to intermembrane space, NADH and FADH2 give energized electrons to ETC, H pumped from matrix to intermembrane space, e join O2 to make H20, chemiosmosis occurs (ATP synthase uses H gradient to produce ATP)

Question 16

What is Chemiosmosis (ATP Synthase)?

Answer 16

ATP synthase uses H to create ATP, ADP + P -> ATP, H moves from intermembrane space to matrix

Question 17

Why is oxygen required? What product forms when it is reduced?

Answer 17

Final electron acceptor in ETC, reduces to H2O

Question 18

What are similarities of Lactic Acid and Ethanol (Alcohol Fermentation)?

Answer 18

both start with glycolysis in cytoplasm, produce ATP, anaerobic, 2 NADH’s produced by glycolysis used in fermentation, no Kreb’s cycle or mitochondria

Question 19

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Answer 19

pyruvate converted into lactic acid temporarily, then converted back when O2 is available, used by animals, ex) panting increases O2 needed to break down lactic acid in liver, reversible

Question 20

What is Alcohol Fermentation?

Answer 20

pyruvate converted to ethanol + CO2, plants and yeast