Human Physiology 4 Flashcards
What is the purpose of respiration?
supply oxygen to cells for cellular respiration
What are the nine principle structures of the respiratory systems?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, rib muscles, pleural membranes
What does the Nasal Cavity do?
2 nostrils, connects to pharynx, filters foreign particles with cilia and mucus, warms air (by blood) and moistens air (mucus membranes)
What does the Pharynx do?
air-filled channel at back of the mouth, connects mouth to 2 tubes; trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (food passage)
What does the Larynx and Epiglottis do?
larynx contains vocal chords, adam’s apple
epiglottis; flap that covers opening to trachea when food is swallowed
What does the Trachea do?
connects larynx to two bronchi, lined with mucus producing cells and cilia, supported by cartilage bands
What does the Bronchi do?
splits trachea into 2 tubes called bronchi (bronchus), bands of cartilage, carry O2 to right and left lung
What do Bronchioles do?
bronchi branch into smaller airways called bronchioles, NO cartilage bands, muscles in walls control diameter
What do Alveoli do?
found at end of bronchioles, site of external gas exchange, respiratory membrane here (O2 uptake, CO2 release, separate air in alveoli from blood in capillaries), small sacs, single layer of cells, surrounded of capillaries, huge SA, diffusion of gasses (O2 into capillaries, CO2 out of capillaries)
What do Pleural Membranes do?
Thin membrane, film of moisture, surrounds outer surface of lungs, surrounds inner surface of thoracic cavity (ribs)
What does the Diaphragm do?
dome-shaped sheet of muscle, separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity, regulates pressure
What do the Intercostal/Rib Muscles do?
Muscles between ribs, muscles contract/flex, pulls rib cage up and out, increase volume of chest, muscles relax, chest wall pushes against lunges, forces air out
What happens during Inhalation?
diaphragm contracts, intercoastal muscles contract, increase in lung volume, lung pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, air rush in
What happens during Exhalation?
diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, intercoastal muscles relaxes, decrease in lung volume, lung pressure is more than atmospheric pressure, air rush out
What are the functions of Hemoglobin?
carry O2 and CO2,
carry O2 by oxyhemoglobin
CO2 in capillaries, turn to carbonic acid, reaches lung, turned back to CO2 and H2O, waste (exhaled), hemo has high affinity for O2, displace CO2, CO2 diffuse into alveoli to be exhaled
