Human Geo 3.2 Questions Flashcards
What is the principal type of interregional migration today?
From rural to urban areas. Most jobs are clustered in urban areas.
What is an example of large-scale internal migration?
The opening of the American West. Through mass interregional migration, the interior of the continent was settled and developed.
What is a population center?
The average location of everyone in the country, the “center of population gravity.” If the US were a flat plane placed on top of a pin, and each individual weighed the same, the population center would be the point where the population distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the pin.
What are the 5 sections/markers of the westwardly moving population center of the US?
- 1790: Hugging the Coast
- 1800-1840: Crossing the Appalachians (new canals opened up the interior, Erie Canal helped people travel between the Great Lakes and NYC)
- 1850-1890: Rushing to the Gold
- 1900-1940: Filling in the Great Plains (advances in technology allowed people to cultivate the area, expansion of railroads encouraged settlement)
- 1950-2010: Moving South (job opportunities, warmer climate)
In developing countries, where is the predominant flow of interregional migration from and to?
From rural to urban areas where jobs are more likely to be available (ex. more than 150 million CHinese have moved from rural areas in the interior to the large urban areas along the East Coast, where there are many jobs in factories).
Why did the Chinese government once severely limit the ability of Chinese people to make interregional moved?
They believed that most Chinese should live in rural areas and work in agriculture. They feared large-scale migration into urban areas would lead to poor living conditions, as seen in other countries.
What did the Brazilian Government do to increase the attractiveness of its interior?
It moved its capital in 1960 from Rio de Janiero to Brasília, 600 miles from the Atlantic Coast. As a result, coastal areas now have net out-migration, whereas the interior areas have net in-migration.
Canada, like the US, has had interregional migration mainly from east to west for more than a century. Where are the 3 largest interprovincial flows in Canada?
- From Ontario to Alberta
- From British Columbia to Alberta
- From Alberta to British Columbia
What did former Soviet policies encourage in Russia?
Interregional migration into the sparsely inhabited Asian portion of Russia. They encouraged factory construction near raw materials instead of existing pop. concentrations. To build up a labor force, the Soviet gov. had to force people to migrate.
When did migration from rural to urban areas begin in Europe and North America?
In the 1800s as part of the Industrial Revolution. The % of people living in urban areas in the US increased from 5% in 1800 to 50% in 1920 and 82% in 2018.
Why do people move from rural to urban areas? (push and pull factors)
They seek economic advancement. They are pushed from rural areas by declining opportunities in agriculture (like having to pay higher rent for farmland), and are pulled to the cities by the prospect of work in factories or service industries.
Where does the most intraregional migration in developed countries occur?
From cities to surrounding suburbs. The population of most cities in developed countries has declined since the mid-20th centyry, and suburbs have grown rapidly. Nearly twice as many Americans migrate from cities to suburbs each year than the opposite.
What is the major reason for the large-scale migration to the suburbs?
- Detached house instead of an apartment
- Private yard where children can play safely.
- Garage or driveway (space to park cars at no $)
- Schools are more modern, better equipped, and less crowded than in the cities.
- Cars/Trains enable people to have access to jobs, shops, and recreational facilities in the urban area.
What change has been made to accomodate suburban growth?
Farms on the periphery of urban areas are converted to housing and commercial developments, where new roads, sewers, and other services must be built.
Why do people move from urban to rural areas?
Lifestyle reasons: Some are lured to rural areas by the prospect of swapping the frantic pace of urban life for the opportunity to live on a farm, where they can own horses or grow vegetables. Others move to farms but don’t make a living from farming; instead, they work in nearby offices, small town shops, or other services.
