Human Geo 3.1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why do geographers study migration/why is it important? (2 reasons)

A
  • Migration is important in explaining changes in population in various places and regions
  • When people migrate, they take with them to their new home cultural values and economic practices.
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2
Q

What are some examples of circulation?

A
  • Journeying every weekday from their homes to places of work or education
    -Journeying once a week to shops, places of worship, or recreation areas.
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3
Q

What are 2 examples of seasonal mobility?

A
  1. College students move to a residence hall each fall and reutn home the following spring
  2. Some elderly people move to warmer climates in winter, then back home in the summer.
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4
Q

Why does migration occur much less frequently than mobility?

A

Because it produces profound changes for individuals and entire cultures. A permanent move to a new location disrupts traditional cultural ties and economic patterns in one region.

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5
Q

What makes relocation diffusion more feasible than in the past?

A

The changing scale generated by modern transportation systems. Additionally, thanks to modern communications systems, relocation diffusion is no longer essential for transmittal of ideas from one place to another.

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6
Q

Culture and economy can diffuse rapidly around the world through forms of _________ __________

A

Expansion diffusion.

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7
Q

Most people migrate in search of what 3 objectives:

A
  1. Economic opportunity
  2. Cultural freedom
  3. Environmental comfort
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8
Q

What 3 groups can Ravensteins principles be organized into?

A
  1. The distance that migrants typically move
  2. The reasons why migrants move
  3. The characteristics of migrants
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9
Q

According to the migration transition, international migration is primarily a phenomenon of countries in what stage of the DTM?

A

Stage 2. Internal migration is more important in stages 3 and 4.

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10
Q

At a global scale, what are the 3 largest flows of migrants?

A
  1. From Latin America to North America
  2. From Asia to Europe
  3. From Asia to North America
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11
Q

What regions have net out-migration and what regions have net in-migration?

A

Net out-migration: Asia, Latin America, and Africa
Net in-migration: North America, Europe, and South Pacific.

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12
Q

Is there a larger number of internal migrants or international migrants?

A

Internal migrants are much more numerous than international migrants.

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13
Q

Why do people find migration within a country less traumatic than international migration?

A

Because they find familiar language, foods, broadcasts, literature, music, and other social customs after they move.

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14
Q

If the number of immigrants exceeds the number of emigrants, what is the net migration?

A

The region has net in-migration.

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15
Q

In 2017, where did the largest numbers of migrants come from? Where did the largest number of migrants go to?

A

Came from Asia. Went to Asia or Europe.

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16
Q

Which countries have the most foreign-born residents?

A

The US has the most, at 45 billion as of 2018, a number that is growing annually by about 1 million. Germany, Russia, and Saudia Arabia are distant seconds.

17
Q

Where are the highest in-migration rates of all in?

A

Petroleum-exporting countries of Southwest Asia, which attract immigrants primarily from poorer countries in Asia to perform many of the dirty and dangerous functions in the oil fields and construction industry.

18
Q

What is the largest flow of migrants between pairs of countries between 1990 and 2017?

A

From Mexico to the United States.

19
Q

What is the general pattern of movement of migrants in Europe?

A

From south and east to north and west.

20
Q

In Europe, what is the country of origin for the largest number of emigrants?

A

Russia (6 million), although overall it has net in-migration. Other leading sources include Ukrain, Kazakhstan, Poland, Morrocco, Romania and Turkey.

21
Q

What are the US’s 3 main eras of immigration?

A
  1. Colonial settlement: 17th and 18th centuries
  2. Mass European Immigration: late 19th and early 20th centuries.
  3. Asian and Latin American immigration in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
22
Q

At independence, where did immigration to the American colonies and the newly United States come from? (2 places)

A
  1. Europe (colonies were established by British immigrants along the Atlantic Coast).
  2. Sub-Saharan Africa (slave trade: Africans forced to migrate to Western Hemisphere to work on plantations).
23
Q

When did migration from Europe to the US peak during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

A
  1. 1840s and 1850s: Ireland and Germany (desperate economic factors, political unrest)
  2. 1870s: Ireland and Germany (after a decline during the US civil war)
  3. 1880s: Scandinavia (Industrial Revolution triggered rapid population increase)
  4. 1905-1914: Southern and Eastern Europe (Industrial Revolution diffused to these parts, and Jews fleed religious persecution)
24
Q

Why did immigration to the US drop sharply in the 1930s and 1940s?

A

Great Depression and WWII.

25
Q

More than 3/4 of recent US immigrants have emigrated from what 2 regions?

A
  1. Latin America
  2. Asia
26
Q

hat did the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act do?

A

It issued visas to several hundred thousand people who had entered the US in previous years without legal documents. As a result of this, an unusally large numebr of immigrants from Mexico & other Latin American countries came to the US.