Human Geo 2.1 & 2.2 Questions Flashcards
Why is the study of population geography especially important (3 reasons)?
- More people are alive at this time than at any other point in time.
- Almost all global population growth in concentrated in developing countries.
- The world’s population increased a a faster rate during the 2nd half of the century than ever before.
True or False: The regions with the most people are not the same as the regions with an unfavorable balance between population and resources.
True
Demographers look statistically at how people are distributed by:
age, gender, occupation, fertility, health, etc.
Population Portions: The popualtion of India or eastern China is about the same as….
the combined population of North America, Latin America, the South Pacific, and Greenland.
We can understand how population is distributed by examining what two basic properties:
Concentration and Density.
2/3 of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in what 4 regions:
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
Where do most people live near, rather than in the interior of major landmasses?
Most people live near the ocean or near a river with easy acess to an ocean.
Have the areas of Earth that humans consider too harsh for occupancy decreased or increased over time?
Decreased
Has the ecumene increased or decreased over time?
Increased
7,000 years ago, where did permanent settlements exist primarily?
Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, and East Asia.
About 3/4 of the world’s population lives on only how much of Earth’s surface (percentage)?
5%
What does the large difference between the physiological density and arithmetic density in Egypt indicate?
Most of the country’s land is unsuitable for intensive agriculture.
Two countries can have similar physiological densities but produce significantly different amounts of food because of:
Different economic conditions (has to do with agricultural density).
For most of human history, Earth’s population was unchanged at a half-million. Now, about how many people are being added to the world poulation annually?
85 million.
What has the NIR been during the 21st century?
1.2
What is the current NIR in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa?
2.0 or greater.
How high was the all-time world NIR peak in the 1960s?
2.1 percent.
Why is the decline of the amount of people added each year less sharp than the decline of the NIR?
The population base is much larger now than in the past. As the base continues to grow in the 21st century, a change of only 1/10 of 1 percent can produce very large swings in population growth.
If the same NIR continued through the 21st century, global population in the year 2100 would reach…
around 20 billion people.
What is the CBR if for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a one-year period?
20
Where are the highest and lowest CBRs?
Highest: Sub-Saharan Africa (many countries with a CBR over 35)
Lowest: Europe (many countries with a CBR below 10)
What is the TFR for the whole world?
2.4. Figures vary between developed and developing countries.
What does IMR reflect?
The quality of a country’s health-care system.
Is the combined CDR for all developing countries lower or higher than the combined rate for all developed countries?
Lower.
What helps to explain the distinctive distribution of CDRs, and helps to understand the different times/rates at which countries experience some changes in NIR, CBR, and CDR?
The populations of different countries are at various stages in the Demographic Transition. This process helps us understand the CBR, CDR, and NIR differences between countries.
Where does the “first break with the past” (the sudden drop in death rate) come from?
Technological innovation. This break has been accomplished everywhere on Earth.
Where does the “second break with the past” (the sudden drop in the birth rate) come from?
Changing social customs. This break has yet to be achieved in many countries.
Stage 1: For most of this period, people depended on what for food?
Hunting and gathering. When food was easily obtained, a regions population increased, but it declined when people were unable to locate enough animals or vegetation nearby.
What did Europe and North America enter stage 2 after 1750 as a result of?
The Industrial Revolution.
When did stage 2 diffuse to Africa, Asia, and Latin America? What caused the push of developing countries into stage 2?
- The Medical Revolution caused the push.
When does a soceity enter stage 3?
When people have fewer children–a decision which is partly a delayed reaction to a decline in mortality, and partly a reaction to Economic changes in stage 3 societies (people are more likely to live in cities and work in offices, shops, or factories).
When did most countries in Europe and North America move to stage 3? When did many countries of Asia and Latin America (including Mexico) move to stage 3?
European/North American countries moved during the 1st half of the 20th century. Many Asian and Latin American countries moved during the 2nd half.
What explains the movement to stage 4?
Social customs. Women in stage 4 societies enter the labor force rather than remain at home. People who have access to a wider variety of birth-control methods are more likely to use some of them.
Since the 1970’s, Denmark has been in stage 4, with roughly equal CBR and CDR. The CDR is unlikely to decline unless….
Another medical revolution, such as a cure for cancer, keeps elderly people alive much longer.
Which stage does agricultural revolution occur in?
Stage 1- Low Growth
Which stage have the industrial revolution and the medical revolution occured in?
Stage 2- High Growth
Which stage do social changes occur in?
Stage 3- Moderate Growth
Which stage does a TFR of 2.1 (leading to ZPG) occur in?
Stage 4- Low Growth
