Human Geo 2.1 & 2.2 Questions

Question 1

Why is the study of population geography especially important (3 reasons)?

Answer 1

1. More people are alive at this time than at any other point in time.
2. Almost all global population growth in concentrated in developing countries.
3. The world’s population increased a a faster rate during the 2nd half of the century than ever before.

Question 2

True or False: The regions with the most people are not the same as the regions with an unfavorable balance between population and resources.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Demographers look statistically at how people are distributed by:

Answer 3

age, gender, occupation, fertility, health, etc.

Question 4

Population Portions: The popualtion of India or eastern China is about the same as….

Answer 4

the combined population of North America, Latin America, the South Pacific, and Greenland.

Question 5

We can understand how population is distributed by examining what two basic properties:

Answer 5

Concentration and Density.

Question 6

2/3 of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in what 4 regions:

Answer 6

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Question 7

Where do most people live near, rather than in the interior of major landmasses?

Answer 7

Most people live near the ocean or near a river with easy acess to an ocean.

Question 8

Have the areas of Earth that humans consider too harsh for occupancy decreased or increased over time?

Answer 8

Decreased

Question 9

Has the ecumene increased or decreased over time?

Answer 9

Increased

Question 10

7,000 years ago, where did permanent settlements exist primarily?

Answer 10

Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, and East Asia.

Question 11

About 3/4 of the world’s population lives on only how much of Earth’s surface (percentage)?

Answer 11

5%

Question 12

What does the large difference between the physiological density and arithmetic density in Egypt indicate?

Answer 12

Most of the country’s land is unsuitable for intensive agriculture.

Question 13

Two countries can have similar physiological densities but produce significantly different amounts of food because of:

Answer 13

Different economic conditions (has to do with agricultural density).

Question 14

For most of human history, Earth’s population was unchanged at a half-million. Now, about how many people are being added to the world poulation annually?

Answer 14

85 million.

Question 15

What has the NIR been during the 21st century?

Answer 15

1.2

Question 16

What is the current NIR in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 16

2.0 or greater.

Question 17

How high was the all-time world NIR peak in the 1960s?

Answer 17

2.1 percent.

Question 18

Why is the decline of the amount of people added each year less sharp than the decline of the NIR?

Answer 18

The population base is much larger now than in the past. As the base continues to grow in the 21st century, a change of only 1/10 of 1 percent can produce very large swings in population growth.

Question 19

If the same NIR continued through the 21st century, global population in the year 2100 would reach…

Answer 19

around 20 billion people.

Question 20

What is the CBR if for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a one-year period?

Answer 20

20

Question 21

Where are the highest and lowest CBRs?

Answer 21

Highest: Sub-Saharan Africa (many countries with a CBR over 35)
Lowest: Europe (many countries with a CBR below 10)

Question 22

What is the TFR for the whole world?

Answer 22

2.4. Figures vary between developed and developing countries.

Question 23

What does IMR reflect?

Answer 23

The quality of a country’s health-care system.

Question 24

Is the combined CDR for all developing countries lower or higher than the combined rate for all developed countries?

Answer 24

Lower.

Question 25

What helps to explain the distinctive distribution of CDRs, and helps to understand the different times/rates at which countries experience some changes in NIR, CBR, and CDR?

Answer 25

The populations of different countries are at various stages in the Demographic Transition. This process helps us understand the CBR, CDR, and NIR differences between countries.

Question 26

Where does the “first break with the past” (the sudden drop in death rate) come from?

Answer 26

Technological innovation. This break has been accomplished everywhere on Earth.

Question 27

Where does the “second break with the past” (the sudden drop in the birth rate) come from?

Answer 27

Changing social customs. This break has yet to be achieved in many countries.

Question 28

Stage 1: For most of this period, people depended on what for food?

Answer 28

Hunting and gathering. When food was easily obtained, a regions population increased, but it declined when people were unable to locate enough animals or vegetation nearby.

Question 29

What did Europe and North America enter stage 2 after 1750 as a result of?

Answer 29

The Industrial Revolution.

Question 30

When did stage 2 diffuse to Africa, Asia, and Latin America? What caused the push of developing countries into stage 2?

Answer 30

1950. The Medical Revolution caused the push.

Question 31

When does a soceity enter stage 3?

Answer 31

When people have fewer children–a decision which is partly a delayed reaction to a decline in mortality, and partly a reaction to Economic changes in stage 3 societies (people are more likely to live in cities and work in offices, shops, or factories).

Question 32

When did most countries in Europe and North America move to stage 3? When did many countries of Asia and Latin America (including Mexico) move to stage 3?

Answer 32

European/North American countries moved during the 1st half of the 20th century. Many Asian and Latin American countries moved during the 2nd half.

Question 33

What explains the movement to stage 4?

Answer 33

Social customs. Women in stage 4 societies enter the labor force rather than remain at home. People who have access to a wider variety of birth-control methods are more likely to use some of them.

Question 34

Since the 1970’s, Denmark has been in stage 4, with roughly equal CBR and CDR. The CDR is unlikely to decline unless….

Answer 34

Another medical revolution, such as a cure for cancer, keeps elderly people alive much longer.

Question 35

Which stage does agricultural revolution occur in?

Answer 35

Stage 1- Low Growth

Question 36

Which stage have the industrial revolution and the medical revolution occured in?

Answer 36

Stage 2- High Growth

Question 37

Which stage do social changes occur in?

Answer 37

Stage 3- Moderate Growth

Question 38

Which stage does a TFR of 2.1 (leading to ZPG) occur in?

Answer 38

Stage 4- Low Growth