Human Geo 2.4 Questions Flashcards
What are the highest, middle, and lowest estimates for world population in 2100 according to the United Nations?
7.2 billion, 11.2 billion, 16.2 billion.
What will be one of the first countries in the world to reach stage 5 of the Demographic Transition?
Japan, whose population peaked at 128 million in 2010 and is now starting to decline. Japan’s projected population is 84 million in 2100.
What is Japan doing to face their shortage of workers instead of increasing immigration?
Japan is encouraging more Japanese people to work. Rather than combine work with child rearing, Japanese women are expected to either marry and raise children or remain single and work. The majority of women have chosen to work.
Why do Russia and other former Communist countries have negative NIRs?
Their high CDR and low CBR are a legacy of 50 years of Communist rule. The low CBR comes from a long tradition of family-planning programs and pessimism about having children in an uncertain world. The high CDR may come from inadequate pollution controls and inaccurate reporting by the Communist government.
Why does India add 10 million more people each year than China?
As a result of less effective family-planning programs and antinatalist policies.
What were the conditions of the One Child Policy in China?
- A couple needed a permit to have a child
If couples agreed to have just one child, they would… - Recieve financial subsidies
- Recieve a long maternity leave
- Get better housing
- Get more land (in rural areas)
Why is China’s CBR unlikely to increase much in the future?
Because, after 3 decades of intensive educational programs as well as coercion, most Chinese have accepted the benefits of family planning.
In 1952, what was the first country to embark on a national family plannign program?
India. The gov’t established clinics, provided information about alternative methods of birth control, distributed free or low-cost birth control devices, and legalized abortions.
What kind of reaction was India’s sterlization camps in the 1970s met with?
Sterilization camps were med with widespread opposition because people feared they would be forcibly sterilized.
What two strategies have been succesful in reducing birth rates worldwide?
- Lowering CBR through education & health care
- Lowering CBR through contraception
What 4 conditions are true regarding education and health-care programs to promot lower birth rates?
- With more women in shcool, they are more likely to learn employment skills & gain more economic control.
- With better education, women would understand their reproductive rights and make better choices.
- With improved health-care, IMRs would decline (improved prenatal care, STD counseling, etc.)
- With better infant survival rates, women would be likely to make more effective use of contraceptives.
What is the most effective way to increase the use of contraceptives in developing countries, where the demand is greater than the supply?
To distribute more contraceptives cheaply and quickly.
What is an example of a country that has had little improvement in the wealth and literacy of its people, but 62 % of married women used contraceptives in 2017 compared to 6 % in 1980?
Bangladesh. Similar growth has occured in other developing countries like Colombia, Morocco, and Thailand.
Why is the % of women using contraceptives especially low in sub-Saharan Africa?
Because men are reluctant to use them due to religious beliefs, social norms, and lack of education on contraception.
What are the 3 reasons for the emergence of a stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition?
- Evolution
- Poverty
- Increased Connections