Human Genome Project Flashcards
What is a genome
The complete set of genes within an orangism
What is a proteome?
All the proteins that CAN BE coded for by an organisms DNA
4 aims of human genome project
•To identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA
•To find where each gene is located
• To determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA.
•Store this information in databases.
What is bioinformatics?
The science of collecting and analysing complex biological data such as genetic codes
-using computers to read, store, organise
-using algorithms to analyse, interpret
What is whole-genome shotgun sequencing
The cutting of DNA in to small sections, and then using algorithims to line up overlapping sections which then reveals the whole genome
What are SNPs
Single nucleotide polymorphisms - single base variations in DNA that are associated with disease/disorders
Why is identification of SNPs useful
Allows diseases/disorders to be diagnostd before symptoms appear which could then allow early intervention/treatment before progression of disease/disorder
Why is sequencing of dna useful to evolutionary biologists
Similarities in DNA indicate the closeness of the evolutionary relationship between species.
What is the name of the project to sequence the genome of single celled eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Human microbiome project
Why is it easy to determine the proteome of prokaryotes
•(Mostly) Only one circular small piece of DNA
• There are no non-coding regions (introns)
Why is the proteome of prokaryotes interesting?
•Identifying antigens
• Can help produce vaccines
Name an example of a prokaryote that has had the genome sequenced
Explain why this is useful
Malaria, allowed antigens to be identified and used in development of vaccinations
Suggest how viruses become able to infect more species
Mutation in viral dna
Different viral attachment proteins
Techniques scientists could use to analyse viral dna to determine that the viruses were closely related
1.PCR
2.Genetic finger printing
3. DNA BASE sequence
4. Gel electrophoresis
