Eukaryotic Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
-double membrane
-surrounded by nuclear envelope
-nuclear pores let substances in and out
-nucleoplasm
-chromosomes-linear DNA wrapped around proteins
Nucleolus
Small and stains dark
Makes ribosomes and ribosomal RNA
Chloroplasts
-double membrane/ envelope
-Grana-stacks of membrane disks called thylakoids-store chlorophyll +large sa for harvesting light energy
-stroma- martrix enzymes for photosynthesis
Makes own dna
Lysosomes
-single membrane
-made by golgi
-contain enzymes that hydrolyse substances
Vacuoles
- single membrane -tonoplast
-storage+ support
Cell wall
-cellulose or peptidoglycan or chitin(fungi)
-water can freely move through
- some have plasmodesmata (gaps)
-middle lamella- one cell meets another
Mitochondria
-Double membrane
-cristae-extensions of inner membrane
-matrix-other space inside= contains proteins lipids ribosomes DNA-control protein production
Produce atp + site of aerobic respiration
Golgi apparatus
Single membrane
-overlapping stacks of membrane
-vesicles along side
-Long lines=cisturnae
-adds carbs to protein to form glycoproteins + lysosomes
-secretes carbs
-proteins in vesicles for transport
Ribosomes
-No membrane
-80s-eukaryotic +bigger
-70s-prokaryotic+ mitochondria +chloroplasts + smaller
-2 sub units which contain ribosomal RNA and protein
-protein synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-single folded membranes
-no ribosomes
- makes lipids + carbs
-contributes to pathways in cell
- more synthesis = bigger SA
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Single folded membranes
-ribosomes attached
-large SA
-proteins +glycoproteins synthesis
-provides pathway for transportation
Exocytosis-secretion
1 Proteins +lipids synthesised by RER and SER
2 sent to Golgi in vesicles for transport
3 vesicles go to membrane where they fuse to it
4 contents released
What does a lysosome contain
Enzymes that hydrolise substances
Where are cristae found
Mitochondria
What is a tonoplast
Single membrane in vacuole
